scholarly journals Green Tobacco Sickness: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. RV6-RV8
Author(s):  
Puja Bharti ◽  
Prerna ◽  
Rahul Rana ◽  
Gunjan Saini ◽  
Neeraj
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Ambient Temperature ◽  
South American ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Skin Absorption

It is still an unknown fact among many that tobacco harvesters are at a potential at a risk of suffering from “Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS)”, with its prevalence seen mostly among Asian and South American tobacco harvesters. These harvesters working in hot, wet conditions are likely to develop GTS,  as in such climatic conditions, the wetness and high humidity causes nicotine to reside on the surfaces of the leaves, while the high ambient temperature increases skin absorption, thereby increasing plasma nicotine concentrations by 30-45%. Patients suffering from GTS report nausea, vomiting, pallor, dizziness, headaches, increased perspiration, chills, abdominal pain, diarrhea, increased salivation, prostration, weakness, cough with or without expectoration, breathlessness and occasional reduction in blood pressure or heart rate. GTS is self-limiting and of short duration and hence treatment is not always necessary and not often sought by the harvesters. This review educates readers about GTS as well as encourages their participation in making tougher regulations in their respective countries for the control of this disease.

Cardiovascular responses to severe hypercapnia of short duration

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmett S. Manley ◽  
Clinton B. Nash ◽  
R. A. Woodbury
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Myocardial Contraction ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Ph

Dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia were employed in an investigation of the effect of abrupt, severe hypercapnia upon blood pressure, heart rate, and force of myocardial contraction. Electrocardiographic activity and arterial blood pH were also monitored. Hypercapnia was induced for 10-min periods with 15 and 30% CO2 in oxygen. The studies were undertaken in nontreated animals and animals treated with atropine, reserpine, chlorisondamine, P-286, or bilateral adrenalectomy. Severe hypercapnia was shown to be depressant to the cardiovascular parameters evaluated, but blood pressure and contractile force normally demonstrated compensation to this depression. Parasympathetic blockade with atropine did not reduce the depression observed in the nontreated dogs during hypercapnia. Results obtained with other pretreated animals indicate that compensation occurs primarily via sympathetic activation. Adrenal activation may assume importance in compensation to 30% CO2, but intact adrenals were not necessary for survival during hypercapnia. No arrhythmias (excluding bradycardia) were observed during or immediately following exposure to either concentration of CO2.

scholarly journals Just the Facts: Diagnosis and management of small bowel obstruction

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-651
Author(s):  
Brit Long ◽  
Elisha Targonsky ◽  
Alex Koyfman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Small Bowel Obstruction ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Oral Temperature ◽  
Include Blood Pressure

A 63-year-old female patient presents with abdominal pain, vomiting, and abdominal distention. She has previously had a cholecystectomy and hysterectomy. She has had no prior similar episodes, and denies fever, hematemesis, or diarrhea. She takes no medications. Vital signs include blood pressure 123/61 mm Hg, heart rate 97, oral temperature 37.2°C, respiratory rate 18, oxygen saturation 97% on room air. Her abdomen is diffusely tender and distended.

scholarly journals Inhaled Hydrogen Sulfide

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Paolo Volpato ◽  
Robert Searles ◽  
Binglan Yu ◽  
Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie ◽  
Kenneth D. Bloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
The Impact

Background Breathing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been reported to induce a suspended animation-like state with hypothermia and a concomitant metabolic reduction in rodents. However, the impact of H2S breathing on cardiovascular function remains incompletely understood. In this study, the authors investigated the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of inhaled H2S in a murine model. Methods The impact of breathing H2S on cardiovascular function was examined using telemetry and echocardiography in awake mice. The effects of breathing H2S on carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption were measured at room temperature and in a warmed environment. Results Breathing H2S at 80 parts per million by volume at 27 degrees C ambient temperature for 6 h markedly reduced heart rate, core body temperature, respiratory rate, and physical activity, whereas blood pressure remained unchanged. Echocardiography demonstrated that H2S exposure decreased both heart rate and cardiac output but preserved stroke volume. Breathing H2S for 6 h at 35 degrees C ambient temperature (to prevent hypothermia) decreased heart rate, physical activity, respiratory rate, and cardiac output without altering stroke volume or body temperature. H2S breathing seems to induce bradycardia by depressing sinus node activity. Breathing H2S for 30 min decreased whole body oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production at either 27 degrees or 35 degrees C ambient temperature. Both parameters returned to baseline levels within 10 min after the cessation of H2S breathing. Conclusions Inhalation of H2S at either 27 degrees or 35 degrees C reversibly depresses cardiovascular function without changing blood pressure in mice. Breathing H2S also induces a rapidly reversible reduction of metabolic rate at either body temperature.

scholarly journals Spinal versus General Anaesthesia for Laparoscopic Gynaecological Procedures: A Comparative Study of Haemodynamic Changes and Side Effects

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Abdullah Masum ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
Mozibul Haque ◽  
Masud Ahmed ◽  
Farzana Kalam
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
Group I ◽  
Haemodynamic Changes ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Laparoscopic gynaecological procedures are conventionally done under general anaesthesia. Spinal anaesthesia is usually preferred only in patients where general anaesthesia is contraindicated. For laparoscopic gynaecological procedures sub arachnoid block is gaining popularity day by day as it is a good alternative to GA. Objective: To compare haemodynamic changes and side effects between subarachnoid block (SAB) and general anaesthesia (GA) for lower abdominal laparoscopic gynaecological procedures. Materials and Methods: A total number of sixty female patients were considered and divided equally into two groups as per American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I and II. All patients underwent short duration (<1hr) laparoscopic gynaecological procedures. Group-I patients received lumber SAB and group-II patients received standard general anaesthesia using Propofol, Halothane and Fentanyl. Peri-operative heart rate, blood pressure, Electro-cardiogram (ECG) and Saturation of Oxygen (SPO2) were monitored. Any intra operative and post operative side effects were also recorded and managed. Results: Intra operative and post operative heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher (P<0.05) in group-II. Preoperative, per operative and post operative mean blood pressure (MBP) were also significantly higher (P<0.05) in group-II. During intraoperative period, the side effects in group-I were mainly discomfort and shoulder tip/neck pain and in group-II were hypertension and arrhythmia. Postoperative side effects were mainly postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Conclusion: Spinal anaesthesia using mixture of bupivacaine and fentanyl can be used as a safe alternative to GA for short duration gynaecological laparoscopic procedures with minimum haemodynamic alterations and reduced post operative side effects. To alleviate shoulder tip/neck pain or discomfort patient needs supplementary sedation and analgesia. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(2) 2015: 20-24

scholarly journals Worm induced pancreatitis.

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Ahmad Gojwari ◽  
Mohd Ilyas ◽  
Syed Sajad Ahmad ◽  
Aliya Shabir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Chief Complaint ◽  
Male Child ◽  
Abdominal Examination ◽  
Upper Abdominal ◽  
Epigastric Tenderness

The patient, a 6-year old male child presented to the emergency department of our institute with a chief complaint of intermittent severe upper abdominal pain for past 24-hours. On examination, his vitals including blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate were stable. The abdominal examination was positive mild epigastric tenderness.

scholarly journals Postoperative outcome and hemodynamic changes in high versus low pressure to pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valarmathi Marimuthu ◽  
Bhuvaneswari Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
End Tidal Co2

Background: A pneumoperitoneum is created by insufflating a gas (usually carbon dioxide) into the peritoneal cavity during laparoscopic surgery. Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) rises as a result of this. At a rate of 4–6 liter min-1, carbon dioxide is insufflated into the peritoneal cavity at a pressure of 10–20 mm Hg. Aim of the research was to compare the hemodynamic effects and the level of post-operative symptoms due to high pressure and low-pressure pneumoperitoneum in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods: 60 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria who were posted for elective cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia were divided into two groups, 30 patients in each group. Group L included pneumoperitoneum created with intra-abdominal pressure of 7-10 mmHg, and group H included pneumoperitoneum created with intra-abdominal pressure of 12-14 mmHg. Variables such as the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, end-tidal CO2, the level of post-operative abdominal pain, shoulder-tip pain, nausea and vomiting, and the liver function test were compared between the two groups.Results: Between groups, no statistical difference has been noted in the demographic characters of the patient. There was a statistical difference of intraoperative and post-operative systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) between groups. End-tidal CO2 was compared between the two groups during the surgery and a significant difference regarding EtCO2. Liver function tests showed a significant difference in all measured factors after surgery between the two groups.Conclusions: Low-pressure pneumoperitoneum decreases hemodynamic complications. Post-operative abdominal pain, shoulder tip pain, nausea and vomiting are reduced.

Effects of climatic elements on Campylobacter-contaminated chicken products in Japan

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. ISHIHARA ◽  
R. TAKAHASHI ◽  
M. ANDOH ◽  
K. MAKITA ◽  
S. KAMIJI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Climatic Elements

SUMMARYJapanese weather data for areas that produced Campylobacter spp.-positive chicken products were compared with those for areas producing negative samples. Regarding samples produced during the period of rising temperature (spring and summer), the mean weekly air temperatures for Campylobacter-positive samples were higher than those for negative samples for the period of the week in which the samples were purchased (18·7°C vs. 13·1°C, P=0·006) to a 12-week lag (12 weeks before purchasing samples; 7·9°C vs. 3·4°C, P=0·009). Significant differences in weekly mean minimum humidity and sunshine duration per day were also observed for 1- and 2-week lag periods. We postulated that the high air temperature, high humidity and short duration of sunshine for the chicken-rearing period increased Campylobacter colonization in chickens during the period of rising temperature. Consequently, the number of Campylobacter-contaminated chicken products on the market in Japan may fluctuate because of the climatic conditions to which reared chickens are exposed.

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