scholarly journals Inhaled Hydrogen Sulfide

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Paolo Volpato ◽  
Robert Searles ◽  
Binglan Yu ◽  
Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie ◽  
Kenneth D. Bloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
The Impact

Background Breathing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been reported to induce a suspended animation-like state with hypothermia and a concomitant metabolic reduction in rodents. However, the impact of H2S breathing on cardiovascular function remains incompletely understood. In this study, the authors investigated the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of inhaled H2S in a murine model. Methods The impact of breathing H2S on cardiovascular function was examined using telemetry and echocardiography in awake mice. The effects of breathing H2S on carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption were measured at room temperature and in a warmed environment. Results Breathing H2S at 80 parts per million by volume at 27 degrees C ambient temperature for 6 h markedly reduced heart rate, core body temperature, respiratory rate, and physical activity, whereas blood pressure remained unchanged. Echocardiography demonstrated that H2S exposure decreased both heart rate and cardiac output but preserved stroke volume. Breathing H2S for 6 h at 35 degrees C ambient temperature (to prevent hypothermia) decreased heart rate, physical activity, respiratory rate, and cardiac output without altering stroke volume or body temperature. H2S breathing seems to induce bradycardia by depressing sinus node activity. Breathing H2S for 30 min decreased whole body oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production at either 27 degrees or 35 degrees C ambient temperature. Both parameters returned to baseline levels within 10 min after the cessation of H2S breathing. Conclusions Inhalation of H2S at either 27 degrees or 35 degrees C reversibly depresses cardiovascular function without changing blood pressure in mice. Breathing H2S also induces a rapidly reversible reduction of metabolic rate at either body temperature.

scholarly journals Disrupting prolonged sitting reduces IL-8 and lower leg swell in active young adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpa Dogra ◽  
Mitchell Wolf ◽  
Michael P. Jeffrey ◽  
Ryan C. A. Foley ◽  
Heather Logan-Sprenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Improve Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Reduce Blood Glucose ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Evidence suggests that disrupting prolonged bouts of sitting with short bouts of physical activity can significantly reduce blood glucose and improve insulin sensitivity; however, limited research is available on the impact of such disruptions on inflammation and swelling. The purpose of this study was to determine whether short bouts of exercise performed each hour during a 4 h sitting session were able to negate the effects of prolonged sitting (PS) on several cardiometabolic outcomes. Methods Eligible participants (n = 10) attended two laboratory sessions: PS (uninterrupted sitting for 4 h) and disrupted sitting (DS; 4 h sitting session disrupted by 3 min of exercise each hour (60-s warm-up at 50 W, 5 s of unloaded cycling, 20-s sprint at 5% body weight, and 95-s cool-down at 50 W)). The exercise bouts were performed at minute 60, 120, and 180. Blood and saliva samples, and measures of heart rate and blood pressure were assessed before (T1) and after (T2) each session; leg swell was measured continuously. Results Concentrations of salivary IL-8 increased during PS (T1: 0.19 ± 0.32; T2: 0.50 ± 1.00 pg/μg of protein) but decreased during DS (T1: 0.41 ± 0.23; T2: 0.22 ± 0.11 pg/μg of protein, d: 0.51, p = 0.002). Leg swell increased and plateaued in PS, but was attenuated during DS. Conclusion It appears that short bouts of exercise significantly reduce swelling in the lower leg and IL-8 levels in the saliva, indicating that even among healthy, active, young adults, disrupting prolonged sitting can significantly reduce swelling and systemic inflammation.

The impact of low levels of carbon dioxide on rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Krohn ◽  
Axel Kornerup Hansen ◽  
Nils Dragsted
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Minor Extent ◽  
Anaesthetic Effect

The widespread use of individually ventilated cage (IVC) systems today has made the impact of CO2 on rodents a highly important matter. Leaving cages from these systems without ventilation increases CO2 concentrations inside the cages, as CO2 generated from the animals is no longer removed actively. In modern IVC systems the CO2 levels may reach 3-5% within a very short time, as the cages are very tightly sealed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 1%, 3%, and 5% CO2 by studying the preferences of the animals as well as changes in the heart rate and systolic blood pressure as measured by telemetry. The rats avoided the cages, which contained 3% CO2. In the telemetric study an anaesthetic effect on the rats were seen at 3% as a drop in the heart rate, and at 5% CO2 a drop in the systolic blood pressure was also seen. The results from the present study could indicate that CO2 levels of up to 3% do not affect the animals, or at least only to a minor extent, but that if the animals are exposed to CO2 levels of higher than 3% they are affected directly as seen by changes in physiological parameters and preferences.

scholarly journals The Impact of Marathons on the Recovery of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in Non-Professional Male Marathoners’ (≥45 Years)

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1346
Author(s):  
Ülle Parm ◽  
Anna-Liisa Tamm ◽  
Andras Laugamets ◽  
Margus Viigimaa
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Background and Objectives: Physical activity has a positive impact on health, and the participation in exercise and sports, including marathons, has increased in popularity. This kind of sport requires extreme endurance, which can cause different health problems and even lead to death. Participants without sufficient preparation and, in particular, men 45 years of age and older belong to a high risk group. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of marathons and cofactors associated with marathons on the recovery of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) of non-professional ≥ 45 years old male marathoners. Materials andMethods: A total of 136 ≥ 45 year old, non-professional (amateur marathoner), male participants were recruited. Data collection involved a questionnaire, body composition measures, and BP and HR results before and after finishing the marathon. Descriptive data, t-test, Mann–Whitney or χ2 test, and Pearson’s correlation were applied. Results: Participants (skiing n = 81, cycling n = 29, running n = 26; mean age 51.7 ± 7.1 years old) had previously attended a median of 35 (IQR 17.5–66) marathons and travelled 2111.5 (IQR 920–4565) km. Recovery of HR and BP after finishing and recovery time was insufficient and not associated with marathon preparation. Running was the most burdensome for HR, and cycling was most taxing for BP. Chronic diseases did not influence participation in the marathon. Conclusions: The preparation for the marathon was mainly sufficient, but recovery after the marathon was worrisome. Marathons are demanding for ≥45 year old males and may be too strenuous an activity that has deleterious effects on health.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular effects of intravenous colforsin in normal and acute respiratory acidosis canine models: a dose–response study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaharu Itami ◽  
Kiwamu Hanazono ◽  
Norihiko Oyama ◽  
Tadashi Sano ◽  
Kazuto Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Systemic Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Inhalation Anesthesia

AbstractIn acidosis, catecholamines are attenuated and higher doses are often required to improve cardiovascular function. Colforsin activates adenylate cyclase in cardiomyocytes without mediating the beta adrenoceptor. In this study, six beagles were administered either colforsin or dobutamine four times during eucapnia (partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide 35-40 mm Hg; normal) and hypercapnia (ibid 90-110 mm Hg; acidosis) conditions. The latter was induced by carbon dioxide inhalation. Anesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. Cardiovascular function was measured by thermodilution and a Swan-Ganz catheter. Cardiac output, heart rate, and systemic vascular resistance were determined at baseline and 60 min after 0.3 μg/kg/min (low), 0.6 μg/kg/min (middle), and 1.2 μg/kg/min (high) colforsin administration. The median pH was 7.38 [range 7.34–7.42] and 7.04 [range 7.01–7.08] at baseline in the Normal and Acidosis conditions, respectively. Endogenous adrenaline and noradrenaline levels at baseline were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the Acidosis than in the Normal condition. Colforsin induced cardiovascular effects similar to those caused by dobutamine. Colforsin increased cardiac output in the Normal condition (baseline: 198.8 mL/kg/min [range 119.6–240.9], low: 210.8 mL/kg/min [range 171.9–362.6], middle: 313.8 mL/kg/min [range 231.2–473.2], high: 441.4 mL/kg/min [range 373.9–509.3]; P < 0.001) and the Acidosis condition (baseline: 285.0 mL/kg/min [range 195.9–355.0], low: 297.4 mL/kg/min [213.3–340.6], middle: 336.3 mL/kg/min [291.3–414.5], high: 366.7 mL/kg/min [339.7–455.7] ml/kg/min; P < 0.001). Colforsin significantly increased heart rate (P < 0.05 in both conditions) and decreased systemic vascular resistance (P < 0.05 in both conditions) compared to values at baseline. Systemic vascular resistance was lower in the Acidosis than in the Normal condition (P < 0.001). Dobutamine increased pulmonary artery pressure, whereas colforsin did not. Colforsin offsets the effects of endogenous catecholamines and may not increase cardiac output during hypercapnia.

scholarly journals The impact of vital signs on the death of patients with new coronavirus pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meixia Du ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Xiaochun Yin ◽  
Nadi Zhang ◽  
Guisen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Survival Group ◽  
The Impact

Background: Assessing the impact of vital signs (blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation) on the death of patients with new coronavirus pneumonia would provide a simple and convenient method for the monitoring of subsequent illness, and therefore, in some degree reduce treatment costs and increase the cure rate clinically. Methods: Six databases were retrieved. The software R 3.6.2 was used for meta-analysis of the included literature. Results: 12 studies were included, which comprise 8996 patients affected with COVID-19 infection. The meta-analysis study found that blood pressure (MAP, SBP and DBP), heart rate, respiration rate and SpO2 are the risk factors for disease progression in patients with COVID-19. Among them, the increase in MAP and the decrease in SpO2 have the greatest impact on the death of patients with COVID-19 [MAP: MD = 5.66, 95% CI (0.34, 10.98), SpO2: MD = -5.87, 95% CI (-9.17, -2.57), P = 0.0005]. However, comparing the body temperature of the death group and the survival group found that the body temperature was not statistically significant between the two groups [body temperature: MD = 0.21, 95% CI (-0.01, 0.43), P = 0.0661]. Conclusion: The increase in MAP, heart rate and respiratory rate, as well as the decrease in SBP, DBP and SpO2 are all independent risk factors for death in patients with COVID-19. These factors are simple and easy to monitor, and individualized treatment can be given to patients in time, reducing the mortality rate and improving treatment efficiency.

Analysis of the impact of a single artificial carbonic acid water bath on hemodynamic parameters in patients with hypertension

Physiotherapy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Szafraniec ◽  
Wioletta Fryc ◽  
Maciej Kochański
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Carbonic Acid ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Acid Water ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Double Product ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAim of the study. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a single artificial carbonic acid water bath on hemodynamic parameters in patients with hypertension.Material and methods. Hypertensive patients (n = 33) were measured blood pressure and heart rate before the bath and during the last minute of treatment. Additionally calculated: stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Q), double product (RPP). The mineral water used in the therapeutic bath was artificially enriched with carbon dioxide (1000 mg/dmResults. HR decreased by 7.6 bpm (p = 0.000001), systolic blood pressure by 9.2 mm Hg (p = 0.000001), diastolic blood pressure by 7.2 mm Hg (p = 0.000001), RPP by 1970.7 (p = 0.000001), SV increased by 3.3 ml (p = 0.00004), and Q did not change and in the both measurements was 3.7 l/min.Conclusions. During the single carbonic acid bath, a decrease in blood pressure, heart rate and double product was observed. Stroke volume has increased, while there was no effect on cardiac output.

scholarly journals An Enantiomerically Pure Formulation of Esmolol Attenuates Hypotension and Preserves Heart Rate Control in Dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1184-1193
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. McKee ◽  
Barrett E. Rabinow ◽  
Justin R. Daller ◽  
Benjamin D. Brooks ◽  
Bernhard Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Rate Control ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Rate Control ◽  
Enantiomerically Pure ◽  
Developed Pressure

Abstract Background: Esmolol is marketed as a racemate (RS-esmolol) with hypotension being the most frequently reported adverse event. Previously, it has been shown that the S-enantiomer (S-esmolol) possesses all of the heart rate (HR) control. The authors studied whether S-esmolol alone mitigates hypotension at similar degrees of HR control compared with RS-esmolol. Methods: The effects of RS- and S-esmolol on blood pressure (BP) were compared at multiple infusion rates producing similar HR control in dogs (N = 21). Differences in BP were further interrogated by monitoring global cardiovascular function and included the R-enantiomer (R-esmolol) (N = 3). Results: S-esmolol at half the rate (μg kg−1 min−1) of RS-esmolol provided the same degree of HR control over all infusion rates. RS-esmolol lowered BP by 3, 6, 11, 20, and 38 mmHg at 90, 300, 600, 1,000, and 2,000 μg kg−1 min−1, compared with 2, 4, 5, 10, and 16 mmHg at 45, 150, 300, 500, and 1,000 μg kg−1 min−1 for S-esmolol. Decreased BP with RS-esmolol was attributed to decreases in left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) (−34 mmHg), LVdP/dt+max (−702 mmHg/s), and cardiac output (−1 l/min). R-esmolol also decreased BP (−10 mmHg), LVDP (−10 mmHg), LVdP/dt+max (−241 mmHg/s), and cardiac output (to −0.2 l/min). S-esmolol reversed these trends toward pre-esmolol values by increasing BP (+13 mmHg), LVDP (+12 mmHg), LVdP/dt+max (+76 mmHg/s), and cardiac output (+0.4 l/min). Conclusions: R-enantiomer provided no HR control, but contributed to the hypotension with RS-esmolol, which appears to be due to negative inotropy. Thus, an S-enantiomer formulation of esmolol may provide similar HR control with less hypotension.

Abstract 13868: Effects of Chronic Electronic Cigarette Vapor Exposures on the Cardiovascular Function in Rats

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangde Dai ◽  
Jianru Shi ◽  
Juan Carreno ◽  
Lifu zhao ◽  
Michael T Kleinman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Left Ventricular

Background: We investigated the effects of chronic electronic cigarettes with nicotine (E-Cig) exposure on cardiovascular function in rats. Methods: Adult Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to either pure air (n=10) or E-Cig (n=14) for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of exposure, flow-mediated vasodilation was measured in anesthetized rats with ultrasound to measure femoral artery diameter. Femoral artery flow velocity was measured before and 5 minutes after reperfusion of a 5-minute femoral artery occlusion. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiogram. A Millar catheter was used to record systemic arterial and LV pressures. Cardiac output was measured using a themodilution catheter. Results: The femoral artery internal diameter and blood flow velocity were comparable between the 2 groups before and after artery occlusion. However, in the E-cig group, blood flow velocity significantly decreased from 55.5 ± 5.2 cm/s prior to occlusion to 41.3 ± 4.1 cm/s after reperfusion (p = 0.005); it remained similar prior to (47.8 ± 3.4 cm/s) and after (47.8 ± 5.5 cm/s) occlusion in the air group. There were no statistically significant differences in left ventricular diastolic and systolic dimensions, LV fractional shortening, heart rate or mean blood pressure (80 ± 3 mmHg in air and 79 ± 5 mmHg in E-cig group) , LV end-diastolic pressure (Ped), end-systolic pressure (Pes), peak -dP/dt, Tau, or cardiac output (48.3 ± 3.3 ml/min in air and 47.6 ± 3.9 ml/min in E-cig group) between the E-Cig and the pure air group. There was a trend toward a reduction in peak LV +dP /dt in the E-Cig group (5574 ± 341 mmHg/s) compared to the air group (6166 ± 238 mmHg/s). LV weight and wall thickness were similar between groups. Conclusions: Twelve weeks of E-Cig exposure did not affect heart rate or blood pressure; but did tend to reduce contractility. E-cigarette exposure slowed the flow-mediated blood flow velocity probably at a microvascular level, possibly by altering endothelial function.

Physical fitness changes induced by thermal aquatic standardized exercise in chronic venous disease patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 026835552110519
Author(s):  
Erica Menegatti ◽  
Simona Mandini ◽  
Yung-Wei Chi ◽  
Gianni Mazzoni ◽  
Anselmo Pagani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
The Impact

Background Lack of physical activity represents a risk factor for both cardiovascular and chronic venous diseases (CVD), nevertheless a specific exercise protocol for CVD patient is still missing. This investigation was aimed to assess the impact of a standardized exercise protocol in a thermal water environment on physical fitness and quality-of-life (QoL) in CVD patients. Methods Sixteen (16) CVD patients performed 5 standardized exercise sessions in a thermal water pool. Before starting the exercise protocol, the cohort filled International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) to determine their physical activity level. At baseline and at the end of the exercise program, leg volume, QoL, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular physical fitness were assessed by means of water plethysmography, validated questionnaire and functional test, blood pressure and heart rate at rest were also reported. Results All the patients were categorized as physically inactive: average activity time 235.6 (155.2) MET-minutes per week. At the end of the study, a significant leg volume reduction was found (−16%; p < .002). Significant improvement in lower limb strength (p < .0001), endurance (p < .006), rapidity and balance (p < .05) together with decrease in resting heart rate (−1.8%, p < .0001) and systolic blood pressure (−1.1%, p < .04) were reported, significant improvement in bodily pain (p < .0005) and social function (p < .002) QoL items were observed. Conclusions The proposed exercise protocol in thermal aquatic environment demonstrated to be an effective treatment modality improving both cardiovascular and musculoskeletal outcomes and QoL in sedentary CVD patients. Aquatic environment investigations require proper analysis of the various factors involved, in a standardized and reproducible way. The herein report can be a reference for further studies on different health related conditions.

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