scholarly journals Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection: Transmission, Diagnosis and Treatment.

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Romail Manan ◽  
Hamna Manan
Keyword(s):  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Neurologic Sequelae ◽  
Linear Dsdna ◽  
Cmv Disease ◽  
Congenital Cmv

Introduction: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a linear, dsDNA virus that is regarded as the prototype of the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily of viruses. It has an established endemic status in certain locations around the globe, and is also reported to be the most prevalently occurring congenital infection in humans. Furthermore, Cytomegalovirus is notorious for being a persistent lifelong pathogen that poses a threat of reactivation as well. Discussion: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection causes numerous ophthalmologic, and neurologic sequelae, and is also known for being the principal reason behind sensorineural hearing loss of non-genetic etiology in neonates. These symptoms, if present, may give rise to a premonition of congenital Cytomegalovirus disease, and so, a diagnosis can be established  through serology, radiology, and  PCR of salivary, urinary, or dried blood spot samples. Timely administration of ganciclovir or valganciclovir has proven to be effective in managing symptomatic cases of congenital CMV. Conclusion: A well-timed delivery of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions is necessary to achieve healthy developmental outcomes for the neonate. Moreover, there is still  a need to study the role of antiviral therapy in silent cases since asymptomatic patients are at a risk of developing long-term clinical sequelae as well. Relevance: An estimated 60-90% of women of child-bearing age get infected with Cytomegalovirus, and Congenital CMV disease is reported in 0.2-2.4% of all live births. Therefore, in order to develop effective screening and management protocols, it is vital to educate healthcare professionals regarding the various aspects of this congenital infection.

scholarly journals Congenital cytomegalovirus: the invisible problem

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Bill Rawlinson
Keyword(s):  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Mental Disability ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Great Pleasure ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Congenital Infections ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Congenital Cmv

It is a great pleasure mixed with some sadness to write this editorial. The entire November issue is around the subject of congenital infection, with the focus on the most common, serious cause of congenital malformation in Australia – congenital cytomegalovirus. Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes serious disease in children globally, resulting in congenital infections present in ~2000 Australian newborns every year, of whom most are asymptomatic, with ~450 per annum (pa) affected by hearing loss, mental disability and other illnesses. Some of the key clinical features of congenital infection are outlined here in articles by Wendy van Zuylen, Klaus Hamprecht and Robert George, and the pathogenetic features in Lenore Pereira’s paper. Treatment and vaccination are moving ahead (as discussed in papers from some key Italian groups), although not fast enough for many of us – as parents of children with CMV discuss in two papers here. We also include papers on other causes of congenital infection that are much less common than congenital CMV in Australia. Although these are not related to congenital CMV clinically, with very different medical and epidemiological settings, it is important to put congenital CMV in context, as well as to draw attention to other important causes of congenital infection.

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection after maternal persistent immunoglobulin-M antibodies against cytomegalovirus prior to conception

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Nakajima ◽  
Naoki Masaoka ◽  
Tatsuo Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Congenital Cmv Infection ◽  
Infant Girl ◽  
Congenital Cmv

AbstractWe describe a case of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection transmitted by an immunocompetent woman infected before conception with continuous hyper CMV-immunoglobulin M (IgM). A 33-year-old woman whose CMV-IgM levels were stable more than 8 months before conception was referred at 35 gestational weeks due to fetal unilateral cerebral ventriculomegaly. The maternal serum CMV-IgG was 61.7 U/mL, and the CMV-IgM was 3.89 U/mL. An infant girl weighing 2297 g was delivered transvaginally. The neonate was found to have congenital CMV infection. After delivery, the high maternal CMV-IgM level has continued for more than 2 years. In conclusion, although continuous hyper CMV-IgM is rare, the infants of infected women may develop congenital infection. It is our hope that the information provided in the present case will further aid clinicians in counseling patients who find themselves in this situation.

scholarly journals Update on congenital cytomegalovirus infection: Prenatal prevention, newborn diagnosis, and management

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 395-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Barton ◽  
A Michael Forrester ◽  
Jane McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Congenital Cmv

Abstract Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of congenital infection and the most common cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in childhood. Although most infected infants are asymptomatic at birth, the risk for SNHL and other neurodevelopmental morbidity makes congenital CMV (cCMV) a disease of significance. Adherence to hygienic measures in pregnancy can reduce risk for maternal CMV infection. The prompt identification of infected infants allows early initiation of surveillance and management. A multidisciplinary approach to management is critical to optimize outcomes in affected infants.

scholarly journals Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection Presenting with Hyperbilirubinemia and Splenomegaly in a Term Infant with Trisomy 21

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Kate Wilson ◽  
Lindsay Ellsworth ◽  
Megan H. Pesch
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Congenital Cmv

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is very common, yet the presentation can be varied, making the diagnosis challenging. However, early diagnosis for treatment with medication in symptomatic cases within the first month of life is critical. Hyperbilirubinemia and splenomegaly are less common manifestations at birth and may be overlooked in the setting of other symptoms, especially in a critically ill neonate. We present a case of a term infant with trisomy 21 who presented with isolated hyperbilirubinemia and splenomegaly and was later diagnosed with congenital CMV.

scholarly journals Is low birth weight a risk indicator for congenital cytomegalovirus infection?

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 044-047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakyieh Al-Hareth ◽  
Fawza Monem ◽  
Nagwa Abdel Megiud
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus

Background: Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is currently the leading cause of congenital infection in 0.2-2.2% of live births worldwide leading to variable serious sequalae. The aim of the study was to determine if low birth weight is an indicator of CMV congenital infection evidenced by detecting CMV-DNA in umbilical cord blood at the time of delivery. Methodology: CMV-IgG and IgM antibodies and CMV-DNAemia were assessed in umbilical cord blood of two hundreds newborns, one hundred of whom had birth weight ≤ 2700 gram and/or head circumference ≤ 32 cm. Results: CMV-IgM was not detected, while CMV-IgG was positive in 80-90% of the two hundreds tested newborns. CMV-DNA was detected in four out of the 200 newborns. One of them was over the adopted weight limit (> 2700 gram). Conclusions: CMV-IgM and IgG antibodies assessment was not a potential discriminative test to identify congenitally infected newborns. In addition, low birth weight and small head circumference at birth failed to predict congenital CMV infection. CMV-DNA detection in umbilical cord blood at the time of delivery using real-time PCR of all newborns is recommended as decisive, rapid and non-invasive test.

scholarly journals Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: background for manifestation; clinical case; difficulties of treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
E.V. Usachova ◽  
◽  
E.A. Silina ◽  
T.N. Pakholchuk ◽  
O.V. Konakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Congenital Cmv

Congenital CMV is the leading cause of congenital infections in newborns worldwide and can lead to significant morbidity, mortality, or long-term consequences. Purpose — to demonstrate the results of screening for cytomegalovirus infection of pregnant women and children in the first months of life and illustrate a clinical case of severe congenital CMV and the difficulties in selecting specific therapy. Materials and methods. The article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of CMV testing of 302 pregnant women at living in the Zaporozhye region. The presence of CMV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) antibodies was assessed. In addition, the clinical manifestations of CMV in 56 infants were retrospectively evaluated. A clinical case of congenital CMV in a newborn complicated by hepatitis, nephritis, carditis, pneumonia, thrombocytopenia, was presented. Statistical processing of the results was carried out by the methods of variation statistics. Results. The result of a study of a specific immunological profile for CMV in pregnant women showed that the majority of women of fertile age, residents of Zaporozhye region were seropositive to CMV. In 3% of pregnant women, CMV-specific IgM antibodies was recorded in the blood, which indicates the manifestation of an acute form of CMV and the possibility of infection of the fetus. Prolonged neonatal jaundice was the dominant clinical symptom of congenital CMV in 59.3% patients. The syndrome of perinatal CNS lesion was the second most frequent in these children. In order to illustrate the features of the course, the difficulties of diagnosis and the selection of specific therapy for severe forms of congenital CMV, a clinical case of the corresponding disease was presented. Conclusions. Most women of fertile age are immune to CMV, and 5% of pregnant women have acute primary CMV infection. CMV is the most common cause of congenital infection with substantial morbidity, mortality, and long$term squeal, including sensorineural hearing loss for newborns. Diagnosis of congenital CMV is complicated by both the polysyndromic manifestations of the disease and the lack of a clear system for testing pregnant women and newborns for CMV. The presence of alertness of neonatologists and pediatricians for CMV is a guarantee of timely diagnosis of the disease in newborns. Difficulties in the selection of specific therapy to congenital CMV due to the low sensitivity of the pathogen to acyclovir and the need to use a toxic drug — ganciclovir. Timely administration of highly specific anti-CMV-therapy not only saves the patient's life, but also improve hearing and developmental outcomes. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: congenital cytomegalovirus infection, newborns, severe forms, diagnostics, manifestations, treatment.

Outcome for Fetus With Ascites and Cytomegalovirus Infection

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Nancy D. Binder ◽  
John W. Buckmaster ◽  
Gerda I. Benda
Keyword(s):  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Ultrasonographic Examination ◽  
Significant Disease

The prenatal and neonatal course of a fetus with cytomegalovirus infection and ascites found on ultrasonographic examination at 27 weeks' gestation is reported. The ascites resolved within 4 weeks and the neonate had evidence only of mild congenital cytomegalovirus infection at birth. The factors predictive of the long-term outcome for an infant with congenital cytomegalovirus infection are reviewed. In this case, the finding that signs of significant disease in the fetus do not necessarily correlate with signs of severe congenital infection in the neonate is reported. It is suggested that prospective data are needed to aid in prediction of the course of fetal cytomegalovirus infection.

scholarly journals Prevention of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection with Vaccines: State of the Art

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Susanna Esposito ◽  
Giulia Chiopris ◽  
Giulia Messina ◽  
Tiziana D’Alvano ◽  
Serafina Perrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Neurologic Sequelae ◽  
Hearing Loss In Childhood

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital infection and non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss in childhood. Up to 2% of neonates, with the highest percentages found in developing countries, are congenitally infected with CMV. At birth, most of these infants are asymptomatic. However, approximately 10% have signs and symptoms of the disease, and 40–60% of symptomatic neonates will later develop permanent neurologic sequelae. To reduce congenital CMV (cCMV) infection, a vaccine able to prevent primary infection is essential. In this narrative review, actual ongoing research about the development of a CMV vaccine is discussed. The progressive increase in knowledge on the ways in which the host’s immune system and CMV relate has made it possible to clarify that the development of a vaccine that is certainly capable of reducing the risk of cCMV infection, and preventing both primary and nonprimary infections is extremely difficult. Many of the ways in which the virus evades the immune system and causes cCMV infection are not yet fully understood, especially in cases of nonprimary infection. Moreover, the schedule that should be recommended and that subjects must be vaccinated to obtain the greatest effect have not been precisely defined. Further studies are needed before the problem of cCMV infection and its related challenges can be totally solved.

Child Care Workers and Children with Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 971-973
Author(s):  
ROBERT F. PASS ◽  
JANET S. KINNEY
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Child Care Workers ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Congenital Cmv Infection ◽  
Congenital Cmv

Children with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection shed virus intermittently in saliva and urine for months to years; viruria often persists for five or more years.1 This feature of congenital CMV infection is a problem for institutions such as hospitals and infant developmental centers, as well as for persons who provide care for children with congenital CMV infection. There is concern that these children will transmit CMV to their care givers, who are usually young women in their child-bearing years. Unfortunately, this concern can lead to exclusion of handicapped children with congenital CMV infection from special education programs designed to teach children with motor, hearing or other CNS damage.

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