Effect of Sharbat-e-Deenarin uncomplicated Pelvic Inflammatory Disease- A Clinical study

Pelvic inflammatory disease (Waram al-Rahim)is one of the most serious gynaecological infections of the upper female genital tract with the worldwide annual rate of 10-20/1000 women of reproductive age. The objective planned for the study was to evaluate the effect of Sharbat-e-Deenar in uncomplicated Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (uPID). A pre and post observational single group clinical study was carried out in the Department of IlmulQabalatwaAmrazeNiswan, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Hospital, Bengaluru. Diagnosed cases (n=30) of uPID were included in the study. Patients with complicated PID, history of antibiotic therapy within seven days of recruitment; delivery, abortion or gynecologic surgery within the last 30 days, systemic diseases, malignancies, pregnancy & lactation were excluded. Sharbat-e-Deenarconsists of Poste baikhekasniandTukhmekasni(Cichorium intybus Linn.), Gulesurkh (Rosa damascene mill.), Tukhmekasoos(CuscutareflexaRoxb.) and Rewandchini (Rheum emodiWall. ex Meissn) were administered orally in a dose of 20 ml twice daily for 14 days. Outcome measures were 30-70% clinical improvement in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score for lower abdominal pain and McCormack Pain Scale (McPS) score for abdominopelvic tenderness and White Blood Cells (WBCs) count <10 on saline microscopy of discharge. Data were analyzed using paired Student ‘t’ test, Wilcoxon Signed rank test and Paired Proportion test.Clinical improvement of 30-70% in McPS and VAS score was achieved in 96.7% (p<0.001**) and 93.3% (p<0.001**) patients respectively. WBCs count <10 on saline microscopy of discharge was achieved in 70% patients (p<0.001**).Sharbat-e-Deenarwas effective in improving the sign & symptoms of PID due to its anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic and anti-oxidant properties. No adverse effect of the research drug was encountered during the study. Hence, Sharbat-e-Deenar serves as an effective alternative in patients with PID, proving the research hypothesis.

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Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital ◽

10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12992 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 4-8

Author(s):

Bandana Pandey

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Lower Abdominal Pain ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Modern Contraceptive ◽

Age Group ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Introduction: Knowledge of pelvic inflammatory disease and its epidemiology is essential to understand reproductive morbidity in women. This paper estimates the level of association between demographic factors and pelvic inflammatory disease in women in their reproductive age. Methods: A descriptive study done in Humla, Kritipur and Baudha by organizing a health camp. Women of reproductive age group and who have lower abdominal pain, pervaginal discharge, fever, and dysparunia were included in the study after taking informed verbal consent from the patient. Patients who have lower abdominal pain and pervaginal discharge were diagnosed as pelvic inflammatory disease. Results: Diagnoses of pelvic inflammatory disease were made in 30% of attendances amongst women aged between 16 to 48. Increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease was associated with smoking (P<0.0001), age groups 31 – 40 yrs (44.6%),in rural areas(45%) and people who are illiterate (P<0.0001). Among 400, 383(95%) were reported ever using a modern contraceptive. Conclusion: The prevalence of pelvic inflammatory disease was 30% in reproductive age group and was significantly associated with smoking.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12992

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Genital Tuberculosis as the Cause of Tuboovarian Abscess in an Immunosuppressed Patient

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/2009/745060 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. Ilmer ◽

F. Bergauer ◽

K. Friese ◽

I. Mylonas

Keyword(s):

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Female Genital Tract ◽

Rare Event ◽

Lower Abdominal Pain ◽

Immunosuppressed Patient ◽

Genital Tuberculosis ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Tuboovarian Abscess

Background. Although tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem worldwide, primary extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), and in particular female genital tract infection, remains a rare event.Case Report. A 35-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive woman of African descent with lower abdominal pain and fever of two days duration underwent surgery due to left adnexal mass suggesting pelvic inflammatory disease. The surgical situs showed a four quadrant peritonitis, consistent with the clinical symptoms of the patient, provoked by a tuboovarian abscess (TOA) on the left side. All routine diagnostic procedures failed to determine the causative organism/pathogen of the infection. Histopathological evaluation identified a necrotic granulomatous salpingitis and specific PCR analysis corroboratedMycobacterium tuberculosis(M. Tb). Consequently, antituberculotic therapy was provided.Conclusion. In the differential diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease, internal genital tuberculosis should be considered. Moreover, physicians should consider tuberculous infections early in the work-up of patients when immunosuppressive conditions are present.

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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

InnovAiT Education and inspiration for general practice ◽

10.1093/innovait/inp082 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (9) ◽

pp. 517-521

Author(s):

Alexander Hodson

Keyword(s):

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Female Genital Tract ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Common Condition ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Infection And Inflammation ◽

Female Genital

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infection and inflammation of the upper female genital tract, is a common condition managed by General Practitioners (GPs). It accounts for one in 60 consultations in women of reproductive age. Early diagnosis, management and, if necessary, referral is essential to help prevent serious long-term complications such as ectopic pregnancy, infertility and chronic pelvic pain. This article outlines the causes, clinical features, treatment and follow-up of PID.

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Fuke Qianjin Combined with Antibiotic Therapy for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/5372839 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Yu Chen ◽

Shaobin Wei ◽

Li Huang ◽

Mei Luo ◽

Yang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Lower Abdominal Pain ◽

Effective Rate ◽

Chinese Patent ◽

Meta Analyses

Background. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) without timely and proper treatment can cause long-term sequelae; meanwhile, patients will be confronted with the antimicrobial resistance and side effects. Chinese patent medicine as a supplement is used to treat PID with satisfactory clinical efficacy. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Fuke Qianjin (FKQJ) combined with antibiotics in the treatment of PID. Methods. Eight electronic databases and other resources were searched to make a collection of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from 1990 to 2019. The RCTs contrasting the effect of FKQJ combined with antibiotics regimens and antibiotics alone in reproductive women with PID were included. The antibiotics regimens are all recommended by the guidelines. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. Then, the meta-analyses were performed by RevMan 5. 3 software if appropriate. Results. Twenty-three RCTs (2527 women) were included in this review. The evidence showed that FKQJ combined with antibiotics improved the markedly effective rate compared to antibiotics alone group (RR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.49, I2 = 42%), shortened the improvement time of low abdominal pain (MD = −1.11, 95% CI −1.39 to −0.84, I2 = 38%), and increased the rate of lower abdominal pain improvement (RR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.55, I2 = 0). The implementation of adjuvant reduced the recurrent rate compared with antibiotics alone (RR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.56, I2 = 0%). Conclusions. Based on available evidence, FKQJ combined with antibiotics therapy have certain outcomes on increasing the markedly effective rate, decreasing the recurrent rate compared with antibiotics alone group. This therapy appears to improve lower abdominal pain and curtail the relief time. Due to the low quality and the risk of bias, any high-quality evidence or longer follow-up period should be advisable and necessary in the future.

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183. chlamydia Trachomatis Seroprevalence with a pgp3 Serologic Assay and Association with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Among Women, United States, 2013–2016

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.493 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S220-S220

Author(s):

Gloria E Anyalechi ◽

Damien Danavall ◽

Brian H Raphael ◽

Katherine E Bowden ◽

Jaeyoung Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Women ◽

Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

White Women ◽

Transmitted Disease ◽

Population Level ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽

Sexually Transmitted

Abstract Background Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) causes pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and other sequelae; however, these associations are not fully characterized. CT serologic assays including Pgp3 ELISA may detect prior CT infection and may better elucidate these associations. We used a serologic Pgp3 multiplex bead array assay (Pgp3MBA) to measure CT seroprevalence in reproductive-age US women and assess the association with PID. Methods We performed CT Pgp3MBA on sera collected from women 18–39 years old during the 2013–2016 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who had available urine CT nucleic acid amplification test results. Weighted Pgp3MBA CT seroprevalence and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. We also determined weighted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs of self-reported lifetime PID among women with and without detectable Pgp3MBA and other characteristics to estimate these US national statistics. Results Among 2,339 women, 1,725 (73.7%) had available sera. Of these women, 1,425 (or 93.4% of those with data) were sexually experienced and had a CT seroprevalence of 35.9% (95% CI 33.4–38.4). When weighted for US women, CT seroprevalence was 30.5% (95% CI 26.6–34.4%), ranging from 16.9% (95% CI 11.0–22.8%) among non-Hispanic Asian women to 70.2% (95% CI 62.4–78.0%) among non-Hispanic black women. PID was reported by 4.2% (95% CI 3.1–5.2) of 1,413 sexually-experienced women with PID data or an estimated 3.8% (95% CI 2.6–5.0) of US women. Among US women, estimated PID varied by Pgp3MBA status; 7.3% (95% CI 4.3–10.2) of Pgp3MBA-positive women were estimated to report PID versus 2.3% (95% CI 1.3–3.4) of Pgp3MBA-negative women (PR 3.1; 95% CI 1.7–5.9). PID prevalence did not vary by age, nor self-reported recent sexually transmitted disease among US women, but was higher among non-Hispanic black women compared to non-Hispanic white women (PR 2.2; 95% CI 1.4–3.5). Conclusion Nearly one-third of US women have had CT by Pgp3MBA, with differences by race/ethnicity. Women with prior CT had three times the reported PID prevalence of women without CT. Further serologic research may refine the population-level impact of CT prevention activities, such as recommended annual CT screening, on PID incidence, particularly among non-Hispanic black women. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Pelvic inflammatory disease

Oxford Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ◽

10.1093/med/9780198766360.003.0043 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 536-549

Author(s):

Gillian Dean ◽

Jonathan Ross

Keyword(s):

Ectopic Pregnancy ◽

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Lower Abdominal Pain ◽

Asymptomatic Infection ◽

Public Understanding ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Delay In Diagnosis ◽

Sexually Transmitted

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a sexually transmitted infection of the female upper genital tract. Rates of pelvic inflammatory disease have fallen in many countries over the last 10 years, at least in part due to increased screening for chlamydial infection. The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic infection through to severe disease requiring hospitalization. Due to the non-specific nature of the condition, diagnosis can be challenging. All sexually active women presenting with acute lower abdominal pain should have a pregnancy test to rule out ectopic pregnancy. Treatment must be initiated as soon as the diagnosis is suspected and include antibiotics covering a broad spectrum of pathogens. Delay in diagnosis increases the risk of adverse sequelae including ectopic pregnancy and infertility. It is recommended that current and recent sexual partners receive empirical treatment, regardless of symptoms or microbiological results, and refrain from sexual contact until completion of therapy. Through better public understanding of the symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease, women seeking earlier medical attention may reduce the risk of reproductive damage.

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Clinico-Ultrasonographic Profile of Ectopic Pregnancy in Western Nepal

Nepalese Journal of Radiology ◽

10.3126/njr.v8i1.20438 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 2-6

Author(s):

Sangeeta Devi Gurung ◽

Prakash Sharma

Keyword(s):

Ectopic Pregnancy ◽

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Radiological Finding ◽

Previous History ◽

First Trimester ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Age Group ◽

Type Iii ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is one of the major complications in first trimester pregnancy, resulting in increased maternal morbidity and mortality. It accounts for 1.3-2.4% of all pregnancies. Previously, though laparoscopy was considered as the gold standard for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy, due to availability of high resolution ultrasound, it has become the first line investigation for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.Methods: It is a prospective study conducted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, from January 2015 till December 2017. All the cases diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy were included in the study. Ultrasonological and intraoperative findings were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS (VERSION 16).Results: Twenty six patients were diagnosed with ectopic pregnancies. The incidence was 0.35%. It was most common among the reproductive age group between 20-40 years with mean age of 30.50 years. Pelvic inflammatory disease (n=10, 38.5%) was considered as risk factor. Radiological finding of Type III ectopic pregnancy (n=21, 80.8%) was the most common type.Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy is common among reproductive age group with previous history of pelvic inflammatory disease. Type III is the most common type.

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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Tubo-Ovarian Abscess

10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0040 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

John Holst

Keyword(s):

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Intrauterine Device ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Health Department ◽

Immunocompetent Patient ◽

Local Health ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Gastrointestinal Complaints ◽

Ovarian Abscess

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) consists of inflammation in various parts of the upper genital tract and includes endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA), and/or pelvic peritonitis. Overt acute PID patients typically present as ill-appearing with pain, fever, chills, purulent vaginal discharge, nausea, vomiting, and elevated white blood cells. “Silent” PID presents with dyspareunia, irregular bleeding, and urinary and gastrointestinal complaints. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and associated microorganisms are present in acute PID patients. PID coverage is focused on a polymicrobial infection. HIV patients typically have more severe symptoms and are more likely to have a TOA than an immunocompetent patient, but HIV alone does not mandate hospital admission nor does parenteral therapy improve outcomes compared to non-HIV patients. Gonorrhea and chlamydia cases must be reported to the local health department; it is not mandatory for PID patients to remove an intrauterine device at the time of diagnosis.

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Unilateral Pyosalpinx in an Adult Female presenting with Features of Acute Abdomen: A Case Report

Nepal Medical College Journal ◽

10.3126/nmcj.v23i3.40419 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 272-274

Author(s):

Shankar Poudel ◽

U. Sangroula ◽

A. Rajak

Keyword(s):

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽

Acute Abdomen ◽

Inflammatory Disease ◽

Genital Tract ◽

Female Genital Tract ◽

Great Role ◽

Inflammatory Changes ◽

Ovarian Abscess ◽

Late Manifestation ◽

Female Genital

Pyosalpinx is defined as collection of pus in the fallopian tube and is a late manifestation of pelvic inflammatory disease. Pelvic inflammatory disease refers to a spectrum of inflammatory changes of the female genital tract. It comprises of endometritis, salpingitis, cervicitis, pyosalpinx, tubo-ovarian abscess and peritonitis. Pyosalpinx may progress to tubo-ovarian abscess which may rupture leading to peritonitis. In addition, pelvic inflammatory disease commonly affects both side of the tube. Thus, early diagnosis and proper intervention plays a great role in the management of pyosalpinx. We report a case of unilateral left sided pyosalpinx which presented with features of acute abdomen.

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