scholarly journals AN ESSAY ON THE APPLICABILITY OF THE LINDER HYPOTHESIS IN DETERMINING THE PATTERNS OF THE ROMANIAN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Tania Georgia Viciu ◽  
Larisa Mihoreanu ◽  
Carmen Costea
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Linder Hypothesis ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

The paper tries to shed light on the effectiveness of a previously proposed and wide accepted trade model and its consistency in developing economies such as Romania. The structure and evolution of the exports and imports of Romania in the last years have indicated an increase in the intra-industry trade, and concurrently, a shift towards the commerce in predominantly capital-intensive commodities. While the Linder theorem provides useful insight into the patters of international trade formation, the hypothesis that trade is proportionate with the demand and market similarities expressed by GDP per capita, does not test out for the data available for Romania and its main economic and commercial partners.The political and economic restrictions and opportunities generated by foreign relations in the region can be attributed with the role of trade-creating forces, rather than income similarities on the markets. 

scholarly journals The Role of Innovation in Fostering Competitiveness and Economic Growth: Evidence from Developing Economies

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lejla Terzić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Composite Measures ◽  
Innovation Output ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

This paper deals with the essential features determining the role of innovation in developing economies by examining the structure of innovation measures. The economic growth and competitiveness of developing economies are powerfully connected to its innovation status. The purpose of this paper is to examine the significance of innovation in driving economic growth per capita and competitiveness in selected developing economies. In order to determine the interconnection among the variables of innovation, competitiveness, and growth, assorted methodological measurement instruments have been applied. The data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The results suggest the importance of specific innovation dimensions for prospective economic growth in developing economies. The identical measures responsible for fragile innovation are associated to the low composite measures of innovation accomplishment. This demonstrates the enormous disparity concentrated in every innovation aspect over time, specifically in innovation output and enterprise performances between the developing economies and the EU–28 average measures. The research results indicate the usage of appropriate economic instruments in diminishing the problems that developing economies are currently dealing with. 

scholarly journals EXPLORING THE ABSENCE OF WATCHDOG JOURNALISM IN NIGERIA BROADCAST MEDIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 480-490
Author(s):  
Maryam Abdu Gainaka ◽  
Syed Agil Alsagoff ◽  
Akmar Hayati Ahmad Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Investigative Journalism ◽  
Broadcast Media ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose of the study: The research became necessary to explore the watchdog role of broadcast media in Nigeria. The study was conducted for the purpose of understanding how broadcast media interpret the watchdog function and the reason for its rarity in Nigeria broadcast media. Methodology: The study used the qualitative case study approach. Two broadcast media were purposively selected for the study-FRCN and AIT. Semi-structured face to face interview was used to collect data from ten informants comprising of senior editors and field reporters who were purposively selected for the study. Researchers used thematic analysis for data analysis to interpret and discuss findings. Main findings: The broadcast media perform the watchdog role through reporting of investigations not initiated by them and also through their programs. The absence of watchdog in their media is influenced by the interference of broadcast media owners, enormous economic and commercial pressures on them being a more capital intensive media as well as the failure of broadcast media practitioners to explore the freedom of information Act like their print counterparts do. Application/Implication: The findings offer a reference point for media regulatory bodies to discover broadcast media issues that are useful for making regulations to improve media practice. It contributes to the call for media social responsibility by providing insight into the impediments of fulfilling the media’s social obligation as a watchdog. Novelty/originality: Research in the area of media watchdog role and functions have often focused on audience perceptions and evaluations of print media. This study explored broadcast media and added to the conceptualization of the concept of media as watchdog beyond investigative journalism only.

scholarly journals A partial defense of clinical equipoise

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Scott D Gelfand
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Equipoise ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Fourth Section ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

In this essay, I suggest that a slightly modified version of Freedman’s formulation of the clinical equipoise requirement is justified. I begin this essay with a brief discussion of the equipoise requirement. In the second and third sections, I discuss several objections to the clinical equipoise requirement as well as two attempts to justify the equipoise requirement. In the fourth section, in order to gain some insight into what it means to say that a physician has an obligation to act in the best interest of her patient, I examine a similar obligation, namely, a parent’s obligation to act in her child’s best interest. I claim that there are several uncontroversial exceptions to this obligation, and these exceptions arise when a parent occupies a role more complex than the role of parent simpliciter. In the fifth section, I explore whether the exceptions to a parent’s obligation to act in her child’s best interest may shed light on some exceptions to a physician–researcher’s obligation to act in the best interest of her patient. These exceptions, I suggest, arise when a physician occupies a role more complex than physician simpliciter, and they ground a permission to conduct randomized clinical trials, even if doing so is not in the best interest of a physician–researcher’s patients. I furthermore claim that these exceptions provide justification for a modified formulation of the clinical equipoise requirement.

How Hard Is It To Red Team?

2006 ◽  
pp. 46-78
Author(s):  
Ang Yang ◽  
Hussein A. Abbass ◽  
Ruhul Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Fitness Function ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Evolutionary Method ◽  
Forward Prediction ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Single Configuration

Red teaming is the process of studying a problem by anticipating adversary behaviors. When done in simulations, the behavior space is divided into two groups: one controlled by the red team, which represents the set of adversary behaviors or bad guys; the other controlled by the blue team, which represents the set of defenders or good guys. Through red teaming, analysts can learn about the future by forward prediction of scenarios. More recently, defense has been looking at evolutionary computation methods in red teaming. The fitness function in these systems is highly stochastic, where a single configuration can result in multiple outcomes. Operational, tactical and strategic decisions can be made based on the findings of the evolutionary method in use. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the nature of these problems and the role of the stochastic fitness to gain insight into the possible performance of different methods. This chapter presents a first attempt at characterizing the search space difficulties in red teaming to shed light on the expected performance of the evolutionary method in stochastic environments.

Sounding the Unheard River: Reflections on an Ecological Sound Art Praxis as a Response to Ecosystem Distress

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trish Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Sound Art ◽  
The Face ◽  
Multiple Audiences ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

This article reflects on a body of academic and practice-based work in the contexts of praxis. It asserts that in the face of systemic issues pertaining to ecosystem crisis, multidisciplinary approaches are required, which also enable the agency of the researcher to continue their work in challenging circumstances. In reflecting on the work conducted, the article aims to offer an insight into multiple ways in which knowledge about ecosystem distress can be communicated to multiple audiences. Furthermore, in providing a reflexive account of an ecological sound art project titled The Miracle of the One Thing, the article aims to shed light on the role of practice-based approaches in communicating ecosystem distress. It implicitly offers an alternative to the ‘ocularcentrism’ of the visual turn. It questions the assumption that communication about ecosystem crisis is necessarily visual or written, and places the role of sonic practices to the fore.

scholarly journals Intrinsic flexibility of porous materials; theory, modelling and the flexibility window of the EMT zeolite framework

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Fletcher ◽  
Stephen A. Wells ◽  
Ka Ming Leung ◽  
Peter P. Edwards ◽  
Asel Sartbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Real Space ◽  
Ionic Conductors ◽  
Static Properties ◽  
Zeolite Framework ◽  
Framework Materials ◽  
Collective Motions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Framework materials have structures containing strongly bonded polyhedral groups of atoms connected through their vertices. Typically the energy cost for variations of the inter-polyhedral geometry is much less than the cost of distortions of the polyhedra themselves – as in the case of silicates, where the geometry of the SiO4 tetrahedral group is much more strongly constrained than the Si—O—Si bridging angle. As a result, framework materials frequently display intrinsic flexibility, and their dynamic and static properties are strongly influenced by low-energy collective motions of the polyhedra. Insight into these motions can be obtained in reciprocal space through the `rigid unit mode' (RUM) model, and in real-space through template-based geometric simulations. We briefly review the framework flexibility phenomena in energy-relevant materials, including ionic conductors, perovskites and zeolites. In particular we examine the `flexibility window' phenomenon in zeolites and present novel results on the flexibility window of the EMT framework, which shed light on the role of structure-directing agents. Our key finding is that the crown ether, despite its steric bulk, does not limit the geometric flexibility of the framework.

scholarly journals The seventh pandemic of cholera in Europe revisited by microbial genomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Oprea ◽  
Elisabeth Njamkepo ◽  
Daniela Cristea ◽  
Anna Zhukova ◽  
Clifford G. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Whole Genome Analysis ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract In 1970, the seventh pandemic of cholera (7 P) reached both Africa and Europe. Between 1970 and 2011, several European countries reported cholera outbreaks of a few to more than 2,000 cases. We report here a whole-genome analysis of 1,324 7 P V. cholerae El Tor (7 PET) isolates, including 172 from autochthonous sporadic or outbreak cholera cases occurring between 1970 and 2011 in Europe, providing insight into the spatial and temporal spread of this pathogen across Europe. In this work, we show that the 7 PET lineage was introduced at least eight times into two main regions: Eastern and Southern Europe. Greater recurrence of the disease was observed in Eastern Europe, where it persisted until 2011. It was introduced into this region from Southern Asia, often circulating regionally in the countries bordering the Black Sea, and in the Middle East before reaching Eastern Africa on several occasions. In Southern Europe, the disease was mostly seen in individual countries during the 1970s and was imported from North and West Africa, except in 1994, when cholera was imported into Albania and Italy from the Black Sea region. These results shed light on the geographic course of cholera during the seventh pandemic and highlight the role of humans in its global dissemination.

Old horizons of organised-white collar crime

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Dobovšek ◽  
Boštjan Slak
Keyword(s):  
White Collar Crime ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show the interconnectivity between the economic sphere, governance and organised crime and to shed light on the role of white-collar crime and show that constant redefining of the term “organised crime” has certain downfalls. Design/methodology/approach – Methods of analysis and examination of relevant domestic and foreign primary and secondary resources and legal acts are used. The paper is theoretical in nature, as review of literature was the main method used for our argumentation. Findings – The term and phenomena of organised crime have now long enjoyed the attention of many researchers, institutions, policymakers and others. And yet, in this quest for unification, proper definition and classification, it seems that we have somewhat strayed from that original idea of what organised crime represented in the period when this term was first coined. Unfortunately, by doing so, we failed to include the most dangerous forms of behaviour, i.e. (some, not all!) white-collar crime, which falls within the scope of organised crime. Practical implications – Despite the fact that ideas presented in this paper belong to the old masters of criminology, they have lately been slightly forgotten. The paper is therefore useful to those who are interested in seeing how original ideas about the nature of organised crime are applicable today. Originality/value – The paper provides an insight into the somewhat overlooked scholarship of those who deal with organised crime and white-collar crime.

scholarly journals AN OVER VIEW OF ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION FROM THE CONTRACTUAL PERSPECTIVE IN EUROPE

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Asif Khan ◽  
Ali Raza Ansari ◽  
Nishan-E-Hyder Soomro ◽  
Ahmed Arafa
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Alternate Dispute Resolution ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Eu

The Alternative Dispute Resolution ("ADR") is an alternative conflict settlement strategy. It follows the main objective of solving conflicts between parties stunningly through the help of independent professionals and renowned personalities. Today the role of the ADR is more important, and the number of agreements with ADR is increasing. One of the reasons for this development is that the ADR is usually more efficient and time-saving compared to normal justice delivering procedures. The current paper examines the most popular techniques for the solution of alternative disputes within the EU, through mediation. This paper associates ADR development and the European Law Legislative International Trade Conciliation (2002) along with other Laws and ADR services, such as ICC and different Laws related to the services. It then conjointly makes comparisons between the bound “member state” MS Courts to observe problems concerning ADR. Additionally, it recognizes the ADR in the light of the right to valid remedy (European Union Principles). To administer a deep insight into the subject, the paper describes additionally the ADR origin, its features, and relevance. Hence, this paper will shed light on the issues faced by parties in ADR concerning agreements and shall thereby, provide a solution to overcome the same.

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