scholarly journals Impact of Glycated Haemoglobin on salivary glucose among type 1 diabetic mellitus patients aged 18-22 years

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Juman D Al- Khayoun ◽  
Ban S Diab
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Positive Direction

Background: Diabetes mellitus consists of a group of diseases characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) is a form of haemoglobin used to identify the average concentration of plasma glucose over prolonged periods of time. It is formed in a non-enzymatic pathway by normal exposure of hemoglobin to high levels of plasma glucose, The main alterations observed in the saliva of Type 1 diabetic patients are hyposalivation and alteration in its composition, particularly those related to the levels of glucose. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of Glycated haemoglobin level on the level of salivary glucose which may have an effect on oral health condition. Materials and methods: The total sample composed of 50 adults aged 18-22 years. Divided into two groups: 25 uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (HbA1c > 7), 25 controlled diabetes mellitus (HbA1c ≤ 7). Stimulated salivary samples were collected under standardized condition according to the criteria of Tenovuo and Lagerlöf (1994). Salivary glucose was estimated by using spectrophotometric analysis. The data were analyzed by using SPSS version 18 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) to specify the statistical differences between the two groups. Results: the data of the present study assessed the correlation coefficients of HbA1c and salivary glucose and found that among uncontrolled diabetic group the relation between HbA1c and salivary glucose was significantly in positive direction (r = 0.483 p

scholarly journals Activities of Pancreatic Enzymes and Anthropometric Indices in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, South Eastern, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoma Priscilla Ezeugwunne ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Pancreatic Enzymes ◽  
Exocrine Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Positive Correlation

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes, having high blood glucose, reduced insulin secretion and / or inadequate glucagon secretion. The study is to assess the activities of pancreatic enzymes and anthropometric indices. 81 participants comprised 38 diabetic and 43 control were randomly recruited. Informed, oral and written consent was obtained from the participants. Ethical approval was obtained.6mls of fasting blood samples were collected. Plasma glucose; amylase and lipase activities were analyzed using standard laboratory methods. Body mass index (BMI) of participant was determined from height and weight. The results showed significantly increased plasma glucose level in the diabetic participants than in control at p=0.000 and in male diabetics than in female diabetics at p=0.048 in each case. But the activities of lipase, amylase, the mean age and BMI level were the same in both diabetic and control groups at p>0.05 respectively. BMI level, lipase and amylase activities were the same in both genders (p>0.05). Stronger positive correlation exist between Weight Vs BMI (r=0.834; p=0.000), followed by Lipase Vs Amylase (r=0.767; p=0.000), least between Age Vs BMI (r=0.353; p=0.022) but weaker negative associations exist between Height Vs BMI (r=-0.490; p=0.001) and Weight Vs FBS (r=-0.325; p=0.036) in the diabetic subjects. The significant higher level of blood glucose; stronger positive correlation between Lipase and Amylase; Weight and BMI may likely revealed pancreatic exocrine function abnormality in diabetes mellitus type 2.

scholarly journals Diabetic ketoacidosis precipitated by COVID-19 in patient with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 422-425
Author(s):  
E. Xhardo ◽  
P. Kapisyzi ◽  
A. Rada
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Viral Infectious Disease

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diabetes mellitus (DM) have been reported frequently in patients with the new corona virus disease — 2019, COVID-19. It has been associated with progressive course and worse outcome. There is scarce data on diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in COVID-19 infection. There has been several cases reported on COVID-19 infection precipitating a new diagnosis of type 2 DM (T2DM). However, there is a lack of evidence regarding type 1 DM (T1DM). We report a case of DKA precipitated by COVID-19 in a patient with newly diagnosed T1DM. Recently, case reports and small cross-sectional studies described diabetic patients who develop DKA when infected with COVID-19. The incidence of DKA has been found to be high in patients with T1DM and T2DM admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Case presentation. We present a 29 year-old, previously healthy man with 5 days history of fever, fatigue, vomiting, polydipsia and polyuria. His lab results showed high blood glucose, high anion gap metabolic acidosis and ketonuria diagnostic of DKA. He also tested positive for COVID-19 and his Chest CT was consistent with bilateral COVID 19 pneumonia (ground-glass opacity, consolidation, and crazy-paving pattern). He was successfully managed with intravenous fluids and insulin as per DKA protocol. He required intravenous antibiotics, steroids and oxygenotherapy for COVID-19 pneumonia. He was discharged after 14 days in stable condition. Conclusions. COVID-19 infection can be complicated by DKA and development of DM in previously non-diabetic individuals. It is possible that SARS-CoV-2 may aggravate pancreatic beta cell function and precipitate DKA. Very few cases have been reported in the literature on COVID-19 infection precipitating DKA in a newly diagnosed patient of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Assessment of plasma insulin, c-peptide, and blood pressure parameters of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1635-1638
Author(s):  
Friday K. Iweka ◽  
Godwin R.A. Okogun ◽  
Ebenezer O. Dic-Ijiewere ◽  
Lawrence F. Dada ◽  
Iredia K. Akhuemokhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Peptide Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Regardless of the type of diabetes mellitus, there is always a Beta-cell dysfunction leading to absolute insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes mellitus or associated with insulin resistance in case of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: A total of 267 subjects consisting of 164 diabetic patients and 103 non-diabetic apparently healthy individuals were analysed. The plasma insulin and c-peptides levels were determined using enzyme link immunosorbent assay, while plasma glucose level was determined using standard spectrophotometric method. Results: The biochemical results showed that the mean plasma glucose of Type 1 diabetes (213.65±20.35) and Type 2 diabetes (218.78+7.85) were significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of non-diabetic control (81.88±17.22) mg/dl; the mean plasma glucose and the systolic reading of the Diabetes Mellitus with Nephropathy, hypertension, coronary artery disease, neuropathy, and retinopathy patients were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control subjects. Among diabetic hypertensive patients mean insulin and c-peptide levels were significantly (p<0.05) lower, while the mean insulin level was insignificantly (p>0.05) lower in diabetic patients with neuropathy or coronary artery disease. No significant (p>0.05) differences was observed in the mean plasma c-peptide level, and diastolic reading of diabetic patient with neuropathy. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in the mean plasma c-peptide level, systolic and diastolic readings of Diabetic patients with coronary heart disease or retinopathy. Conclusion: There were significant differences in the blood pressure parameters in both the diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications in this study.  

Corneal Sensitivity in Bacterial Keratitis Patients with or without Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
O. V. Zavoloka
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Bacterial Keratitis ◽  
Corneal Sensitivity ◽  
Fellow Eye ◽  
Nondiabetic Control

The aim. To identify the features of corneal sensitivity of the sick and the fellow eye in bacterial keratitis patients with or without diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods. The analysis was performed on the basis of survey data of 62 type 1 diabetes patients with bacterial keratitis and 43 nondiabetic control patients with bacterial keratitis. The examination was performed at the first visit. In addition to standard ophthalmic examination, the patients underwent fluorescein test, OCT of the anterior segment of the eye, non-contact corneal aesthesiometry. Results and discussion. The average corneal sensitivity threshold in diabetic patients with bacterial keratitis at the first visit at all air flow temperatures exceeded the corresponding indicators in nondiabetic patients of the control group: by 33.5% at an air temperature of 5 °C, by 30.6% at 15 °C, by 28.8% at 20 °C, by 27% at 30 °C, and by 26.1% at 40 °C (p<0.05). The average corneal sensitivity threshold at a temperature of 20 °C in the fellow eye in diabetic patients with bacterial keratitis exceeded that in nondiabetic patients with bacterial keratitis of the control group by 32.9 % (p<0.05). Conclusions. Corneal sensitivity of the sick and fellow eye in patients with bacterial keratitis depends on the presence of diabetes mellitus. The average threshold of corneal sensitivity of the sick and fellow eye in diabetic patients with bacterial keratitis at the first visit exceeds the corresponding values in nondiabetic patients with bacterial keratitis. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, bacterial keratitis, corneal sensitivity.

Correlation of serum vitamin D level with ketoacidosis in Chinese children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Shu ◽  
Xinhui Wang ◽  
Mingying Zhang ◽  
Xiufang Zhi ◽  
Jun Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objective: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a common complication in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The purposes of the present study were to explore clinical correlates of serum vitamin D level in Chinese children with type 1 diabetes.Methods: A total of 143 inpatients (boys/girls = 60/83) were recruited from Tianjin Children’s Hospital. Their demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. These patients were divided into the non-DKA group(n=43) and DKA group(n=100).Results: The positive ZnT8-ab was significantly higher in DKA patients compared with non-DKA patients (p=0.038). There was a negative correlation between plasma glucose and the concentration of vitamin D(r =−0.188, p=0.024), although there was no significant difference in vitamin D between two groups of T1DM patients with or without DKA (p=0.317). The multiple logistic regression revealed that sex(male) and BMI were independent risk factors to predict the deficiency or insufficiency of Vitamin D in T1DM children. When BMI is lower than 16 kg/m2 according to the cut-off value of the ROC curve, it provides some implications of Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in TIDM children ( 95%CI:0.534~0.721, P=0.014). Conclusions: Our results suggested that positive ZnT8-ab was associated with a greater risk of DKA at T1DM onset. Additionally, neither vitamin D levels nor the proportion of patients with different levels of vitamin D differed between the two groups inT1DM children with or without DKA. Furthermore, Vitamin D level was negatively correlated with plasma glucose, lower BMI and male children with T1DM were prone to be deficient or insufficient of Vitamin D.

scholarly journals Evaluation of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients for dyslipidemia in a tertiary care centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Janak G. Chokshi ◽  
Apal P. Gandhi ◽  
Ishvarlal M. Parmar ◽  
Dipen R. Damor
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome consisting of metabolic, vascular and neuropathic components that are interrelated. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a considerably increased risk of premature atherosclerosis, particularly coronary heart disease (CHD) and peripheral arterial disease. Dyslipidemia is a common feature of diabetes. There is an association between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Methods: The study was done on 50 adult diabetes mellitus (T2) patients from IPD of General Medicine wards at SMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. 50 healthy age and sex matched healthy volunteers were taken as control. They were evaluated for lipid profile i.e., Total Cholesterol (TC),Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and glycemic status i.e., Fasting blood glucose (FBS), Postprandial 2 hours blood glucose (PP2BS) & Glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1C).Results: Diabetic cases had statistically highly significant (p<0.001) elevated levels of total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and VLDL as compared to controls. Serum TG, serum TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C had positive correlation with the postprandial plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c.Conclusions: Significant correlations between HbA1c levels and lipid levels point towards the usefulness of HbA1c for screening high-risk diabetic patients. High TC, TG, LDL-C and HbA1c with normal or low HDL-C is seen in almost all diabetic patients either alone or in combinations.

scholarly journals Molecular-genetic, immunological bases and prophylaxis of diabetes mellitus in children

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
E V Titovich
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Genetic Studies

Since the autoimmune nature of type 1 diabetes mellitus came to become known some 40 years ago, continuous investigations have been carried out in an attempt to improve approaches to prognostication of this disease and develop new safe and efficacious methods for its prevention. For all that, many aspects of diabetes pathogenesis still remain far from clear. In most cases (roughly 85%), type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) develops sporadically in the absence of a relevant familial or hereditary history of this condition. Accordingly, the first-degree relatives account for only 15% of all DM1 patients. The risk of development of DM1 in the Russian population estimated by the researchers of the Children' Department, Endocrinological Research Centre, is relatively low (0.2%). It depends on many factors, such as the number of ill and healthy relatives, the chronological age of a given patient and the age of onset of clinical manifestations in his (her) relatives. Type 1 diabetes-predisposing and protective haplotypes were identified in the Russian population based on the results of molecular-genetic studies involving 599 children and adolescents with DM1. These and immunological data were used to distinguish between risk groups in the families of diabetic patients and the rationale was proposed for the dynamic follow-up of these subjects. It is concluded that estimation of the risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus based on the results of molecular-genetic studies and monitoring immunological markers constitutes the first step in the elaboration of preventive measures designed to prevent or delay the development of the disease.

scholarly journals Day-to-Day Variations in Fasting Plasma Glucose Do Not Influence Gastric Emptying in Subjects With Type 1 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Aigner ◽  
Björn Becker ◽  
Sonja Gerken ◽  
Daniel R. Quast ◽  
Juris J. Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Fasting Plasma

<b>Objective:</b> Acute experimental variations in glycemia decelerate (hyperglycemia) or accelerate (hypoglycemia) gastric emptying. Whether spontaneous variations in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) have a similar influence on gastric emptying is yet unclear. <p><b>Research design and methods:</b> Gastric emptying of a mixed meal was prospectively studied three times in 20 patients with type 1 diabetes and 10 healthy subjects with normal glucose tolerance using a <sup>13</sup>C-CO<sub>2</sub> octanoate breath test with Wagner-Nelson analysis. The velocity of gastric emptying was related to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) measured before the test (grouped as low, intermediate, or high). In addition, gastric emptying data from 255 patients with type 1 diabetes studied for clinical indications were compared by tertiles of baseline FPG. </p> <p><b>Results:</b> Despite marked variations in FPG (by 4.8 (3.4; 6.2) mmol/l), gastric emptying did not differ between the three prospective examinations in patients with type 1 diabetes (D T<sub>1/2</sub> between highest and lowest FPG: 1 [95 % CI: -35; 37] min; p = 0.90). The coefficient of variation for T<sub>1/2 </sub>determined three times was 21.0 %. Similar results at much lower variations in FPG were found in healthy subjects. In the cross-sectional analysis, gastric emptying did not differ between the tertiles of FPG (D T<sub>1/2</sub> between highest and lowest FPG: 7 [95 % CI: - 10; 23] min; p = 0.66), when FPG varied by 7.2 (6.7; 7.8) mmol/l. However, higher HbA<sub>1c</sub> was significantly related to slower gastric emptying.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Day-to-day variations in FPG not induced by therapeutic measures do not influence gastric emptying significantly. These findings are in contrast with those obtained after rapidly clamping plasma glucose in the hyper- or hypoglycemic concentrations range and challenge the clinical importance of short-term glucose fluctuations for gastric emptying in type 1-diabetic patients. Rather, chronic hyperglycemia is associated with slowed gastric emptying.</p>

Comparison of HbA1c and glycated albumin as a control marker for newborn complications in diabetic women in a multicentre study in Japan (Japan glycated albumin study group: study 2)

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikki Shimizu ◽  
Yuji Hiramatsu ◽  
Yasue Omori ◽  
Masao Nakabayashi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Neonatal Complications

Background To clarify the relationship between glycated haemoglobin and glycated albumin concentrations during pregnancy with neonatal outcomes, a multicentre study was conducted by the Japanese Society of Diabetes and Pregnancy. Methods A total of 136 patients (type 1: n = 47, type 2: n = 89) who enrolled in the study were diagnosed based on the Japanese Diabetes Society diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus. Thresholds for glycated haemoglobin and glycated albumin were set at 5.8% and 15.8%, respectively, as the upper limits of the reference interval in pregnant women. Result Random plasma glucose decreased linearly, and reached the reference interval at 40 weeks. Glycated albumin concentrations also decreased in the same manner. But glycated haemoglobin concentrations were out of the reference interval during the study. The frequency of the neonatal complications did not show significant differences between the glycated haemoglobin ⩾5.8% group and the glycated haemoglobin <5.8% group. On the other hand, the frequency of neonatal complications showed higher tendency of neonatal complications in the incidence of polycythaemia ( P = 0.094) and heavy-for-date ( P = 0.071) in the glycated albumin ⩾15.8% group compared with the glycated albumin <15.8 group. The respiratory disorder in type 1 diabetes was significantly higher than type 2 diabetes. Conclusions For the treatment of pregnant women with diabetes, glycated albumin would be a better marker than glycated haemoglobin. However, glycated albumin is also affected by obesity and albumin, and it is desirable to make a comprehensive judgment with glycated haemoglobin, random plasma glucose and other glycaemic index.

ALLERGIC DISEASES IN TYPE 1 DIABETIC PATIENTS: A BRIEF REVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Alina Gabriela Dutu ◽  
◽  
Silviu Albu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Stepping Stones

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is considered an autoimmune disease mediated by Th1 lymphocytes, while allergic diseases are characterized by Th2-mediated immune response. Their incidence is rising in developed countries and the interaction between autoimmune and atopic diseases has been a subject of interest for decades. There are many controversies about the association or mutual exclusion of these diseases, but classical paradigm based on the assumption that diseases mediated by Th1 and Th2 should be mutually exclusive, has been revised considering both the role of regulatory T cells Threg, and the environmental factors involved. The aim of this review is to investigate the association of allergic diseases (rhinitis, asthma, dermatitis) in patient diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The studies that attempted to shed light on this topic had surprisingly varied results. These ranged from statistically significant proof of an inverse association between an autoimmune disease and one or several atopic ones to other implying positive associations. Although up to now studies on this subject present seemingly discordant results, each attempt raises new questions and sheds light on new factors involved in the interaction of these diseases. They present much needed stepping stones for future studies to learn from and adapt.

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