scholarly journals Activities of Pancreatic Enzymes and Anthropometric Indices in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, South Eastern, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoma Priscilla Ezeugwunne ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Pancreatic Enzymes ◽  
Exocrine Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Positive Correlation

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes, having high blood glucose, reduced insulin secretion and / or inadequate glucagon secretion. The study is to assess the activities of pancreatic enzymes and anthropometric indices. 81 participants comprised 38 diabetic and 43 control were randomly recruited. Informed, oral and written consent was obtained from the participants. Ethical approval was obtained.6mls of fasting blood samples were collected. Plasma glucose; amylase and lipase activities were analyzed using standard laboratory methods. Body mass index (BMI) of participant was determined from height and weight. The results showed significantly increased plasma glucose level in the diabetic participants than in control at p=0.000 and in male diabetics than in female diabetics at p=0.048 in each case. But the activities of lipase, amylase, the mean age and BMI level were the same in both diabetic and control groups at p>0.05 respectively. BMI level, lipase and amylase activities were the same in both genders (p>0.05). Stronger positive correlation exist between Weight Vs BMI (r=0.834; p=0.000), followed by Lipase Vs Amylase (r=0.767; p=0.000), least between Age Vs BMI (r=0.353; p=0.022) but weaker negative associations exist between Height Vs BMI (r=-0.490; p=0.001) and Weight Vs FBS (r=-0.325; p=0.036) in the diabetic subjects. The significant higher level of blood glucose; stronger positive correlation between Lipase and Amylase; Weight and BMI may likely revealed pancreatic exocrine function abnormality in diabetes mellitus type 2.

scholarly journals Evaluation of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients for dyslipidemia in a tertiary care centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 586
Author(s):  
Janak G. Chokshi ◽  
Apal P. Gandhi ◽  
Ishvarlal M. Parmar ◽  
Dipen R. Damor
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome consisting of metabolic, vascular and neuropathic components that are interrelated. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a considerably increased risk of premature atherosclerosis, particularly coronary heart disease (CHD) and peripheral arterial disease. Dyslipidemia is a common feature of diabetes. There is an association between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.Methods: The study was done on 50 adult diabetes mellitus (T2) patients from IPD of General Medicine wards at SMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. 50 healthy age and sex matched healthy volunteers were taken as control. They were evaluated for lipid profile i.e., Total Cholesterol (TC),Triglyceride (TG), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and glycemic status i.e., Fasting blood glucose (FBS), Postprandial 2 hours blood glucose (PP2BS) & Glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1C).Results: Diabetic cases had statistically highly significant (p<0.001) elevated levels of total Cholesterol, Triglycerides and VLDL as compared to controls. Serum TG, serum TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C had positive correlation with the postprandial plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c.Conclusions: Significant correlations between HbA1c levels and lipid levels point towards the usefulness of HbA1c for screening high-risk diabetic patients. High TC, TG, LDL-C and HbA1c with normal or low HDL-C is seen in almost all diabetic patients either alone or in combinations.

scholarly journals STUDY OF BLOOD UREA NITROGEN (BUN), SERUM CREATININE IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Bhatia ◽  
Pratibha Misra ◽  
Amandeep Singh ◽  
Bhasker Mukherjee ◽  
Vivek N Ambade
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Calibration Laboratories

Introduction: Patients of Diabetes mellitus type 2 are known to have high levels of BUN and Serum creatinine levels as compared to non-diabetics. There is an association between the raised BUN, serum creatinine levels and poor glycemic controls, subsequently leading to complications like nephropathy in Diabetic patients. Aim and objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the BUN, Serum creatinine levels in relation to fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-hour post plasma glucose (2h-PG) status in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetics. Materials and methods: 215 cases of Diabetes Mellitus were recruited along with the 100 age and sex matched controls who were healthy and non-diabetic and their blood samples were analyzed for BUN and FPG and 2-h-PG after 75-gram oral glucose in National Accreditation Board for testing and calibration Laboratories (NABL) certified laboratory. Results: In our study we have found that there is a significant association of FPG, 2h-PG, BUN and serum creatinine in diabetic cases as compared to non-diabetic controls. There also exists a significant positive correlation between mean BUN (12.3 ± 5.9mg/dL) and mean FPG (159.72 ± 71.60 mg/dL) and mean 2h-PG (222.76 ± 100.86 mg/dL) levels. Conclusion: BUN and serum creatinine are the markers in diabetes patients to assess the diabetic nephropathy. Serum BUN may be preferred over serum creatinine in assessing early renal impairment due to positive correlation with fasting and post prandial glycemic levels. Keywords: BUN, Nephropathy, FPG, 2h-PG, Diabetic complications.

ESTIMATION OF SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS AND ITS RELATION WITH HbA1C LEVEL.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Namrata Vinubhai ◽  
Pardeep Agarwal ◽  
Bushra Fiza ◽  
Ramkishan Jat
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Positive Correlation

Background: Serum ferritin is known as an index for body iron stores also as an inflammatory marker and it is influenced by several disease. We were looking for a correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin in type 2 DM. Methodology: The present study a total of 150 participants were enrolled of which 100 were confirmed cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and rest 50 age and sex matched healthy subjects constituted the control group. All were screened for HbA1c, Fasting blood sugar, Post prandial blood sugar and S.Ferritin. Results: A highly significant variation and positive correlation was observed with respect to S.Ferritin and HbA1c levels. Mean S.Ferritin was high in the subgroup with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: The fasting, post prandial sugar levels, HbA1c and S.Ferritin were significantly higher in the diabetic subjects. This study shows a positive correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin levels. So we can conclude that in diabetic patients S. Ferritin may serve as an independent marker of poor glycemic and metabolic control. Keywords: Serum ferritin, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c.

scholarly journals Clinical Investigations: Correlations Between Human Somatotype Components And Some Anthropometric Parameters In Male Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Folia Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Atanas G. Baltadjiev ◽  
Stefka V. Vladeva
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Male Patients

ABSTRACT The AIM of the present study was to find and compare the correlations between somatotype and some anthropological parameters in Bulgarian male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Anthropometric measurements were taken from 165 male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All patients were ethnic Bulgarians. They were divided into two age groups: a 40-60-year group (58 patients, mean age 52.05 ± 0.73 yrs), and a 61-80-year group (111 patients, mean age 68.02 ± 0.53 yrs). The controls were allocated into similar agematched groups. Direct anthropometric measurements were body height and weight, biepicondylar breadth of the humerus and biepicondylar breadth of the femur. Circumferential measurements were taken from the relaxed and contracted upper arm, the forearm, the waist, the hip, the thigh and the medial calf. Skin folds were measured below the inferior angle of the scapula, above the X rib, above the crista iliaca, at the abdomen, triceps brachii, forearm, thigh and the medial calf. The components of human somatotype according to the criteria of Heath-Carter, body mass index (ВМІ) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. RESULTS: We found very strong positive correlations (РС > 0.70) between ВМI and the endomorphic and mesomorphic components of somatotype in 40-60-year-old male diabetic patients. The correlation between the endomorphic and mesomorphic components of somatotype and the anthropometric measurements characterizing the central accumulation of adipose tissue (waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR) was very strong positive (РС = 0.5-0.7). Male diabetic patients aged 61-80 years: we found a very strong positive correlation between endomorphic and mesomorphic components and ВМІ, a strong correlation between these components and the waist circumference, and a good correlation between the components and the circumferences of the waist and hip and WHR. CONCLUSIONS: In male patients with type 2 diabetes aged 40-60 years, the endomorphic and mesomorphic components of somatotype are strongly positively correlated with the parameters which characterize the total adipose tissue accumulation in the human body (ВМІ). There is a good positive correlation between the two components of somatotype and the parameters showing visceral adipose tissue accumulation (circumferences of waist, hip, thigh and WHR). In male patients with type 2 diabetes aged 61-80 years we found a strong positive correlation of the endomorphic and mesomorphic components of somatotype with BMI and a good positive correlation with the circumferences of the waist, hip, thigh and WHR.

scholarly journals Study on the prevalence of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 786
Author(s):  
Eda Dayakar ◽  
C. Sathya Sree ◽  
E. Sanjay
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common health problem globally. Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor to develop cardiovascular disease in diabetics. They present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study consisting of 46 (23 male and 23 female) known type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Age, gender, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI) was recorder in all the diabetic patients.  Fasting blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL levels were measured using standard methods and recorded.Results: The average total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and VLDL were 200±42mg/dl, 169.62±89.79mg/dl, 132.45±36.38mg/dl,39.1±16.6mg/dl and 35.85±17.09mg/dl respectively. The incidence of occurrence of hypercholesterolemia was 58.6% and hypertriglyceridemia 36.9%. Increased levels of LDL were observed in 30 (65.2%) patients and reduced HDL was observed in 43 (93.4%) patients. The incidence rate of dyslipidaemia was higher in female diabetic patients when compared to male diabetic patients.Conclusions: Awareness on the dyslipidaemia and its risk factors should be provided to the type 2 diabetic patients as they are more prone to get cardiovascular disease and lipid profile also should be monitored regularly along with blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals Alterations of liver enzymes in T2DM: a case control study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1521
Author(s):  
Chandrashekhar G. S.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Control Study

Background: Liver plays an important role in regulation of blood glucose in fed state as well as in fasting. Diabetes mellitus can result as a consequence of liver disorder and vice versa. Objective of the present study is to compare the liver enzymes in type 2 diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetic patients.Methods: A case- control study was conducted in Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Adarsha Super speciality Hospital, Udupi from April 2018 to August 2018. The data of 174 diabetic patients and 118 healthy people as controls was collected. Fasting blood glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were estimated in the study subjects.Results: It was found that AST levels (47.55±4.69U/L) in diabetics extremely significantly high as compared to controls (33.51±2.33U/L). ALT levels were insignificantly high in diabetics compared to controls. ALP was significantly elevated (p=0.0002) in diabetics. Correlation study showed a weak positive correlation between AST, ALT and blood glucose. Odds ratio showed a higher risk of liver enzyme elevation in diabetics. Risk of elevation of AST was found to be 1.65 times high and ALT was 1.25 times high in diabetics compared to non-diabetics.Conclusions: Diabetics had high liver enzymes as compared to non-diabetics. An association was found between type 2 diabetes mellitus and liver enzymes. For better characterization of cause and effect, further studies need to be done on alterations in liver function tests along with the histopathological analysis of liver biopsy samples.

Sitagliptin: A DPP-4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. CMT.S6227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn MS Johnson ◽  
Kathleen Schurr
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Therapy ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become an epidemic, with worldwide projections indicating that more than 336 million people will be afflicted with the disease by 2030. T2DM is characterized by inappropriately high blood glucose levels due to a deficiency in insulin secretion, action, or both. Despite the horrific complications that occur with chronic elevations of blood glucose levels, less than half of those with T2DM do not maintain proper glycemic control. Sitagliptin (Januvia, Merck and Co., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey) is a novel diabetes therapy approved for use in the U.S. and Europe. This small molecule inhibits the activity of DPP-4, a peptidase that degrades the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1. Sitagliptin increases glucoregulation in individuals with T2DM both as a monotherapy and in combination with other antihyperglycemic drugs, with a low risk of adverse side effects.

scholarly journals Prevalence of people at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and the involvement of community pharmacies in a national screening campaign: a pioneer action in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassyano J. Correr ◽  
Wendel Coura-Vital ◽  
Josélia C. Q. P. Frade ◽  
Renata C. R. M. Nascimento ◽  
Lúbia G. Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Previous Diagnosis ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Brazil is one of top 10 countries with the highest number of people with diabetes mellitus (DM), affecting 16.8 million peoples. It is estimated that 7.7 million people (20–79 years) in the country have not yet been diagnosed, representing an under-diagnosis rate of 46.0%. Herein we aimed to screen people for high blood glucose or risk for developing type 2 DM (T2DM) through community pharmacies in Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in November 2018, involving 977 pharmacists from 345 municipalities in Brazil. The study evaluated people between 20 and 79 years old without a previous diagnosis of DM. Glycemia was considered high when its value was ≥ 100 mg/dL fasting and ≥ 140 mg/dL in a casual feeding state. The FINDRISC (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score) was used to estimate the risk for developing T2DM. The prevalence of high blood glucose was estimated and the associated factors were obtained using Poisson's multivariate analysis with robust variance. Results During the national screening campaign, 17,580 people were tested with the majority of the consultations (78.2%) being carried out in private pharmacies. The population was composed mainly of women (59.5%) and people aged between 20 and 45 years (47.9%). The frequency of participants with high blood glucose was 18.4% (95% CI 17.9–19.0). Considering the FINDRISC, 22.7% of people had a high or very high risk for T2DM. The risk factors associated with high blood glucose were: Body Mass Index > 25 kg/m2, abdominal circumference > 94 cm for men and > 80 cm for women; education level below 15 years of study, no daily intake of vegetables and fruits; previous diagnosis of arterial hypertension; history of high blood glucose and family history of DM. Conclusions This is the largest screening study that evaluated the frequency of high blood glucose and its associated factors in a population without a previous diagnosis ever performed in community pharmacies in Brazil. These results may help to improve public health policies and reinforce the role of pharmacists in screening and education actions aimed at this undiagnosed population in a continent-size country such as Brazil.

scholarly journals Perkembangan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 dari Prediabetes di Bogor, Jawa Barat

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Sulistiowati ◽  
Marice Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

Abstrak Prediabetes merupakan kondisi gula darah puasa 100-125mg/dL (Impaired Fasting Glucose/IFG) atau kadar gula darah 2 jam setelah pembebanan 75 g glukosa 140-199 mg/dL (Impaired Glucose Tolerance/IGT). Prediabetes meningkatkan risiko terjadinya Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2). Tujuan analisis ini untuk mengetahui terjadinya DM Tipe 2 pada responden dengan prediabetes dalam follow-up 2 tahun. Prospektif studi dalam 2 tahun pada 3344 responden Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko PTM non-DM tipe 2. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi wawancara, pemeriksaan fisik (BB, TB, lingkar perut, tekanan darah), dan laboratorium (GDP, GDPP, Kolesterol total, HDL, LDL, Trigliserida). Kadar glukosa darah untuk DM Tipe 2 dan prediabetes mengacu pada kriteria ADA 2011. Analisis deskriptif tentang karakteristik, life tabel perkembangan DM Tipe 2 dari prediabetes. Prediabetes yang terjadi sebesar 24,6% (IFG 2,3%; IGT 19,2% dan mix IFG/IGT 2,8%) dan 13,4% mengalami DM tipe 2 dalam kurun waktu 2 tahun. Progresivitas terjadinya DM dari IFG, IGT dan mix TGTmasing-masing 6,21; 6,12 dan 14,6 per 100 orang per tahun. Faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi terjadinya DM tipe 2 antara lain: umur (40-54 tahun RR=1,97; CI 95%:1,02-3,82), 55-65 tahun (RR=2,74; CI 95%: 1,34-5,58), obesitas sentral (RR=4,42; CI 95%: 2,36-8,29), hipertensi (RR= 1,99; CI 95%: 1,29-3,06) dan hipertrigliserida (RR=1,83; CI 95%: 1,18-2,83). Proporsi prediabetes dan terjadinya DM tipe 2 di Bogor Tengah dalam pengamatan 2 tahun, meningkat dengan bertambahnya umur dan dipengaruhi oleh obesitas sentral, hipertensi, hipertrigliserida. Pengendalian faktor risiko dan pemeriksaan gula darah secara rutin dapat mencegah terjadinya DM tipe 2. Perlu ditunjang dengan posbindu PTM aktif di masyarakat, lingkungan kerja maupun sekolah. Kata kunci: Prediabetes, Diabetes Melitus tipe 2 (DM tipe 2), Bogor Tengah Abstract Prediabetes is a condition that fasting plasma glucose 100-125 mg/dL (Impaired Fasting Glucose/IFG) or blood glucose 2 hours after loading 75 g glucose 140-199 mg/dL (Impaired Glucose Tolerance/IGT). Prediabetes increases the risk of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This analysis is to determine the progression rate to T2DM in prediabetes respondents during 2 years follow up. This is an two years prospective study in 3344 respondents Cohort Study of Risk Factors NCD without T2DM. The data collected included interviews, physical examination (body weight, height, abdominal circumference, blood pressure), and laboratory (fasting plasma glucose/FPG, plasma glucose 2 hours after loading 75 g glucose, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides). Blood glucose levels for DM and prediabetes refers to ADA criteria 2011. Data analisized by descriptive about characteristics, life table of T2DM development from prediabetes. Prediabetes occurred at 24.6% (IFG 2.3%, IGT 19.2% and mix IFG / IGT 2.8%) and 13.4% experienced type 2 diabetes within 2 years. The progression of DM from IFG, IGT and mix TGT is 6.21; 6.12 and 14,6 per 100 person per year respectively. The risk factors of T2DM are age (40-54 years old (RR=1,97; CI 95%:1,02-3,82), 55-65 years old (RR=2,74; CI 95%:1,34-5,58), central obesity (RR=4,42; CI 95%:2,36-8,29), hypertension (RR=1,99; CI 95%:1,29-3,06) and hypertriglyceride (RR=1,83; CI 95%:1,18-2,83). The proportion of prediabetes and progression T2DM in Central Bogor at 2 years follow up is quite high, increasing with age and influenced by central obesity, hypertension and hypertriglyceride. Controlling risk factors and checking blood glucose regularly can prevent T2DM. Need to be supported by posbindu PTM active in the community, work environment and school. Keywords: Prediabetes, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Central Bogor

Effects of Concomitant Administration of Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitor with Insulin on Hemoglobin A1c, Body Mass Index and Serum Lipid Profile in Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Drug Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 669-672
Author(s):  
Masataka Kusunoki ◽  
Yukie Natsume ◽  
Tetsuro Miyata ◽  
Kazuhiko Tsutsumi ◽  
Yoshiharu Oshida
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

AbstractIn patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who show suboptimal blood glucose control under insulin therapy alone, concomitant treatment with an additional hypoglycemic agent that differs in its mechanism of action from insulin may be considered. We conducted this clinical trial to explore whether further control of increased blood glucose level can be achieved with concomitant use of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor as concomitant with other hypoglycemic therapy, as compared to SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus showing decrease in blood glucose level but less than the effect of insulin monotherapy and there was no significant differences. In the SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy group, decreases of the serum hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and serum triglyceride, and elevation of the serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration were observed as compared to the baseline values. In the type 2 diabetic patients under insulin therapy who received combined insulin plus SGLT2 inhibitor therapy, however decreases in the body weight and BMI, with only a tendency towards decrease of the serum HbA1c value, not reaching statistical significance, were observed. The combined therapy group also showed no appreciable changes of the serum triglyceride level, while the serum adiponectin level increased. The present study data indicate that combined insulin plus SGLT2 inhibitor treatment failed to afford any further improvement of the blood glucose control, as compared to SGLT2 monotherapy, in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.

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