scholarly journals Geoinformation-Cartographic Analysis of Different Monitoring Data on Flooding and Underflooding Zones

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Kurepina ◽  
◽  
I.D. Rybkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Ob River ◽  
The Future ◽  
Emergency Events ◽  
The Republic

In the Upper Ob river basin, emergency events (EE) are mainly associated with flooding and underflooding of settlements and economic facilities. Using the landscape-basin approach and geoinformation-cartographic method, we analyzed different monitoring data on flooding and flooding zones within the boundaries of five regions (the Republic of Altai, Altai Krai, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Tomsk oblasts) for the 25-year period. Spatial-temporal variability of data series was studied and most flood-prone river basins as well as physical and geographical zoning units were defined. A comparative analysis of two periods (1993-2002 and 2004-2018) was performed, trends in emergency occurrence were revealed, and the findings were presented in a cartographic format. The established general patterns of emergency manifestation can be used to identify the causes of occurring processes. In the future, it will allow to forecast emergency events and minimize probable damage to population and economy.

scholarly journals Commercially Focused Dynamic Priorities in the Organisation of the Transit of Cargo Trains

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-217
Author(s):  
V. A. Sharov ◽  
A. A. Tleukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Engineering Calculation ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Operational Change ◽  
Dynamic Priorities ◽  
Emergency Events ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

One of the main tasks in improving management of the transportation process is the transition to enhanced quality of transport service focused on meeting users’ requirements while achieving the most economical results for all the components of the technological process stages. The quality of the services offered by railway transport is gradually becoming an increasingly significant indicator of economic efficiency for both carriers and cargo owners. Customers are ready to buy more and more qualitative services to save time, expand their business, and meet new needs. This necessitates dev elopment of modern approaches to optimizing the use of existing railway infrastructure, including by establishing priorities in organizing traffic. The objective of the research was to study the procedure for establishing dynamic priorities for organizing transit of cargo trains. To achieve this goal, a comparative analysis method, special engineering calculation methods associated with organization of train traffic were used. During the study comparative analysis of main characteristics of a number of world railways was carried out. Following clearly defined strategy of railways of the Russian Federation aimed at customer focus, this article provides preliminary research results, the findings of which revealed the expediency of establishing dynamic priorities for cargo trains transit. It is especially important to implement these approaches in the context of an operational change in the train situation in the event of emergency events on the infrastructure and for a possible reduction in the financial losses of consignors and consignees. The same approaches can rightfully be used on the railway of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals Assessment and Prediction of Water Resources Vulnerability Based on a NRS-RF Model: A Case Study of the Song-Liao River Basin, China

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 882
Author(s):  
Weizhong Chen ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Yazhong Feng
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Water Resources Systems ◽  
The Future ◽  
Neighborhood Rough Set ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Water Resources Vulnerability

The vulnerability of water resources is an important criterion for evaluating the carrying capacity of water resources systems under the influence of climate change and human activities. Moreover, assessment and prediction of river basins’ water resources vulnerability are important means to assess the water resources security state of river basins and identify possible problems in future water resources systems. Based on the constructed indicator system of water resources vulnerability assessment in Song-Liao River Basin, this paper uses the neighborhood rough set (abbreviated as NRS) method to reduce the dimensionality of the original indicator system to remove redundant attributes. Then, assessment indicators’ standard values after dimensionality reduction are taken as the evaluation sample, and the random forest regression (abbreviated as RF) model is used to assess the water resources vulnerability of the river basin. Finally, based on data under three different future climate and socio-economic scenarios, scenario predictions are made on the vulnerability of future water resources. The results show that the overall water resources vulnerability of the Song-Liao River Basin has not improved significantly in the past 18 years, and the overall vulnerability of the Song-Liao River Basin is in the level V of moderate to high vulnerability. In the future scenario 1, the overall water resources vulnerability of the river basin will improve, and it is expected to achieve an improvement to the level III of moderate to low vulnerability. At the same time, the natural vulnerability and vulnerability of carrying capacity will increase significantly in the future, and the man-made vulnerability will increase slowly, which will deteriorate to the level V of moderate to high vulnerability under Scenario 3. Therefore, taking active measures can significantly reduce the vulnerability of nature and carrying capacity, but man-made vulnerability will become a bottleneck restricting the fragility of the overall water resources of the river basin in the future.

Transboundary subparts of groundwater bodies (GWB) and transboundary monitoring network of the Republic of Belarus and the Ukraine - developed under the European Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Lyuta ◽  
Iryna Sanina ◽  
Olga Biarozka ◽  
Olga Vasniova ◽  
Andreas Scheidleder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Groundwater Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Eastern Partnership ◽  
European Water ◽  
Eastern Partnership Countries ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

<p>The EU-funded program European Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+), which is the biggest commitment of the EU to the water sector in the EaP countries, helps Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine to bring their legislation closer to EU policy in the field of water management, with a main focus on the management of transboundary river basins. It supports the development and implementation of pilot river basin management plans, building on the improved policy framework and ensuring a strong participation of local stakeholders.</p><p>In 2019, with the support of EUWI+, groundwater experts from Ukraine and the Republic of Belarus identified transboundary groundwater bodies (GWBs) in the Dnipro River Basin of Ukraine and the Republic of Belarus. In total eight (3 unconfined and 5 confined) transboundary GWBs in Ukraine were identified as transboundary linked with six GWBs in Belarus. As some of these GWBs are significantly large, follow-up studies in 2020 aimed at identifying those sub parts of the GWBs which are subject to transboundary groundwater interaction. Finally, on both sides of the border, transboundary corridors at a distance of 50 km from the state border were identified as sub-zones of the existing large GWBs. This distance was chosen to capture the recharge areas of the zone of active water exchange (watersheds) and the areas of groundwater discharge (river valleys).</p><p>The investigated transboundary territory is located in Polissia, a zone of excessive moisture, where the GWBs are mainly recharged by precipitation - the unconfined GWBs all over the whole territory, the confined GWBs at places where shallow water-bearing rocks occur. In the transboundary zone, the regional recharge area is located in the Ukrainian Shield; most of the aquifers are recharged on its slopes. The direction of groundwater flow is from the Ukrainian Shield towards the artesian basins in Belarus. </p><p>The Ukrainian part of the territory, where the confined aquifers are recharged, is characterised by minor anthropogenic pressures - very low population density and no large industrial enterprises. Therefore, impacts from the Ukrainian side on the GWBs in Belarus are limited. In contrast, the border area in the Republic of Belarus is one of its most developed industrial regions.</p><p>The analysis showed that the groundwater monitoring network in the Ukrainian 50-km transboundary zone has practically been destroyed due to long-term underfunding and it requires substantial restoration. In Belarus, the monitoring network is quite representative and requires some improvements; in some GWBs  the monitoring network is unevenly distributed and in some GWBs, the number of monitoring wells is insufficient</p><p>Within this study a comprehensive set of analytical material on geological-hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical, hydrodynamic aspects of the study area was collected, a number of open issues were identified, which will substantially contribute to the development and harmonization of not only the groundwater monitoring system of the transboundary territory of the Pripyat and Dnieper river basins in Ukraine and the Republic of Belarus, but also the groundwater monitoring system of the countries as a whole.</p>

scholarly journals Urbanization Significantly Affects Pan-Evaporation Trends in Large River Basins of China Mainland

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
Chenchen Ren ◽  
Guoyu Ren ◽  
Panfeng Zhang ◽  
Suonam Kealdrup Tysa ◽  
Yun Qin
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Large River ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Urbanization Effect ◽  
China Mainland ◽  
Large River Basins

The causes of the pan-evaporation decline have been debated, and few researches have been carried out on the possible effect of local land use and land cover change on the regional pan-observation data series. In this paper, the urbanization effect on the estimate of pan-evaporation trends over 1961–2017 was examined for the data series of 331 urban stations, applying a previously developed dataset of the reference stations, in seven large river basins of the China mainland. The trends of pan-evaporation difference series (transformed to anomaly percentage) between urban stations and reference stations were negative and statistically significant in all of the basins, indicating that urbanization significantly reduced the pan-evaporation. The urbanization-induced trend in the whole study region was −2.54%/decade for the urban stations. Except for the Yellow River Basin and the upper Yangtze River Basin, the urbanization effects in the other five large river basins of the country are all significant, with the mid and low reaches of the Yangtze River and the Songhua River registering the largest urbanization effects of −4.08%/decade and −4.06%/decade, respectively. Since the trends of regional average series for reference stations across half of the river basins are not statistically significant, the urbanization effect is a dominant factor for the observed decline in pan-evaporation. This finding would deepen our understanding of the regional and basin-wide change in pan-evaporation observed over the last decades.

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM INDICATORS IN 7 YEAR OLDS LIVING IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE PRIOBIY

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
O.G. Litovchenko ◽  
◽  
E.N. Saitova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Sinus Tachycardia ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Ob River ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

The aim of the study is to determine the features of time and amplitude indicators of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in 7 years olds, born and living in the Northern region. Materials and methods of research: 252 7-year-old children from various educational institutions of Surgut were examined. Time and amplitude indicators of the ECG, the position of the electrical axis of the heart (EAH) were determined in 12 standard leads, the comparative analysis of the ECG indicators was carried out by gender identity. Results: all study participants had a sinus heart rate. Dysfunctions of cardiac automatism in the form of sinus tachycardia and bradycardia were found in 52,8% of 7-year-old children living in the Middle Ob river basin. A deviation of the QRS wave for more than 90 ms in 28,5% of the examined children was revealed.

scholarly journals Assessment of damage during the formation and passage of mudflows in the Tashkent region

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 03042
Author(s):  
Farrukh Shaazizov
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
National Economy ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
Digital Map ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
The Republic

Mountainous and largely foothill areas of the Republic of Uzbekistan are mudflow hazardous. In the Tashkent region, there are two mudflow river basins (dangerous concerning the manifestation of mudflows): the Chirchik river basin and the Akhangaran river basin. Based on the results of long-term observations of the Uzhydromet service, a digital map of the mudflow hazard in the Tashkent region for a century was compiled. The method for determining the damage from the action of mudflows on a specific object consists of determining the equivalent mudflow pressure according to its initial parameters. According to the methodology for assessing damage in the event of a natural emergency, the main parameters of the damaging factors were determined during the passage of a mudflow in the event of intense rainfall. The calculations were performed for two scenarios: 1) with dangerous rainfall with an intensity of 30 mm per day; 2) in case of especially dangerous rainfall with an intensity of 60 mm per day. Based on the calculations performed, the amount of damage to the national economy of the Tashkent region was determined during the passage of a mudflow caused by intense rainfall.

The right to life: A comparative analysis of the relevant norms of the Constitutions of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that the right to life belongs to the basic constitutional human rights, therefore, its observance and protection is the duty of the state. Despite its undeniable importance, today the right to life anywhere in the world is not really ensured in sufficient quantities. The constitutional consolidation of the right to life raises a number of issues related to the concept, nature, legislative and practical implementation of this right. It should be noted that various aspects of the human right to life were considered in the scientific works of G.B. Romanovsky, O.G. Selikhova, T.M. Fomichenko, A.B. Borisova, V.A. Ershov and other Russian authors. The aim of the study is to study and comparative analysis of the legal content of the constitutional norm that defines the right to life, to comprehend and identify possible problems of the implementation of this right. To achieve this goal, this article discusses relevant issues of ensuring the right to life, proclaimed by Article 20 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and Article 27 of the Constitution of Azerbaijan Republic. The results of a comparative analysis of these constitutional norms and the relevant norms of industry law allow us to determine, that there is no contradiction between Article 20 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the norms of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, which imply the death penalty as an exceptional measure of punishment, because a moratorium has been imposed on the death penalty in the Russian Federation since April 16, 1997. However, after the abolition of the death penalty in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 1998, there was a discrepancy between parts II and III of Article 27 of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the criminal legislation of Azerbaijan Republic that requires the introduction of the necessary changes in the content of the analyzed constitutional norm. The value of the work is determined by the fact that the introduction of appropriate changes will contribute to the further improvement of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the effective implementation of the right to life of everyone.

Identification of sibling species in the genus Eucyclops from water-bodies of Ukraine and Russia using crossbreeding studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Monchenko ◽  
L. P. Gaponova ◽  
V. R. Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Baltic Sea Basin

Crossbreeding experiments were used to estimate cryptic species in water bodies of Ukraine and Russia because the most useful criterion in species independence is reproductive isolation. The problem of cryptic species in the genus Eucyclops was examined using interpopulation crosses of populations collected from Baltic Sea basin (pond of Strelka river basin) and Black Sea basin (water-reservoires of Dnieper, Dniester and Danube rivers basins). The results of reciprocal crosses in Eucyclops serrulatus-group are shown that E. serrulatus from different populations but from water bodies belonging to the same river basin crossed each others successfully. The interpopulation crosses of E. serrulatus populations collected from different river basins (Dnipro, Danube and Dniester river basins) were sterile. In this group of experiments we assigned evidence of sterility to four categories: 1) incomplete copulation or absence of copulation; 2) nonviable eggs; 3) absence of egg membranes or egg sacs 4) empty egg membranes. These crossbreeding studies suggest the presence of cryptic species in the E. serrulatus inhabiting ecologically different populations in many parts of its range. The same crossbreeding experiments were carries out between Eucyclops serrulatus and morphological similar species – Eucyclops macruroides from Baltic and Black Sea basins. The reciprocal crossings between these two species were sterile. Thus taxonomic heterogeneity among species of genus Eucyclops lower in E. macruroides than in E. serrulatus. The interpopulation crosses of E. macruroides populations collected from distant part of range were fertile. These crossbreeding studies suggest that E. macruroides species complex was evaluated as more stable than E. serrulatus species complex.

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