If You Believe, It May Come True: The Relationship and Mechanism Between Self-Occupation Stereotypes of Private Kindergarten Teachers and Their Turnover Intention in China-Mainland

In China-Mainland, the turnover rate of private kindergarten teachers remains high for a long time. With 692 Chinese private kindergarten teachers as subjects, we applied a questionnaire survey to examine the relationship between self-occupation stereotypes held by private kindergarten teachers and their turnover intention and the underlying mechanisms. The structured equation model (SCM) was conducted to analyze data and revealed a significantly positive correlation between self-occupation stereotypes and turnover intention. Further analyses showed that on the individual level, personal control sense mediated the relationship between self-occupation stereotypes and turnover intention, and on the organization level, professional identity mediated the relationship between them. Additionally, self-occupation stereotypes were also related to turnover intention via the chain-mediating role of personal control sense and professional identity. The current research firstly clarified the acting paths between self-occupation stereotypes of private kindergarten teachers and turnover intention on both the individual and the organization levels. In practice, the research provided a novel perspective for policy makers to alleviate the turnover tendency of private kindergarten teachers.

A Bibliometric Analysis of the 100 Most Cited Articles on Adjacent Segment Degeneration in Worldwide from 1985 to 2021

Study design.A bibliometric review of the literature.Objective.The objective of our study is to research and analyze the most frequently cited 100 articles on adjacent segment degeneration (ASD).Background.Fusion is an effective method for degenerative diseases, however the problem of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) after the fusion are also becoming increasingly important. Numerous of literatures and related researches promoted the development of this field. A bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited articles on adjacent segment degeneration can supply lots of information and guide the future researches.Methods.We searched and identified the100 top-cited articles from Web of Science (WOS), using title-specific search“adjacent segment degeneration”. All articles published in English language between 1985 and 2021 were included. The following information were recorded and analyzed with bibliometric method: first author, article title, journal of publication, year of publication, total number of citations, country, institution and authors’ specialty.Results.The most prolific years were 2015 and 2016, each had 12 articles published. The most citation years were 2020 and 2018, which the total citations were 522 and 438, respectively. The citation count of the top 50 articles ranged from 22 to 421. European Spine Journal contributed the maximum of 17 articles. With regard to the primary author’s specialty, clinical neurology contributed to the majority of top 100 list with 75 articles, SHEN Y published the most of 5 articles. China mainland had produced 29 articles in the first. With regard to institutions, the most one was from Yonsei University with 8 articles.Conclusion.This study searched and analyzed the top 100 influential articles on ASD and provided a meaningful resource with detailed information for spine surgeons who may much more better to understand the trend in this filed. They can also benefit from the emphasis on citation count to prepare high-level articles by themselves in the future.

Clinical Outcome and Risk Factors for Acute Fulminant Myocarditis Supported by Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: an Analysis of Nationwide CSECLS Database in China Mainland

Purpose: To assess the outcomes and risk factors for adult patients with acute fulminant myocarditis supported with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) in China mainland. Methods: Data were extracted from Chinese Society of ExtraCorporeal Life Support (CSECLS) Registry database. Data from adult patients who were diagnosed with acute myocarditis and needed VA ECMO in the database were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality after ECMO initiation in patients with acute fulminant myocarditis supported with VA ECMO. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to examine the risk factors associated with 90-day mortality. Results: Among 221 patients enrolled, 186 (84.2%) patients weaned from ECMO and 159 (71.9%) patients survived to 90 days. The median age was 38 years (IQR 29-49) and males (n=115) accounted for 52.0% of the patients. The median ECMO duration was 134 hours (IQR 96-177hrs). The main adverse events during ECMO course was bleeding (16.3%), followed by infection (15.4%). In the multivariate Cox model, cardiac arrest prior to ECMO initiation (adjusted HR 2.529; 95%CI: 1.341-4.767, p =0.004), lower pH value (adjusted HR 0.016; 95%CI: 0.010-0.059, p <0.001) and higher lactate concentration at 24 hours after ECMO initiation (adjusted HR 1.146; 95%CI: 1.075-1.221, p <0.001) was associated with 90day mortality. Conclusions: In our study, 71.9% patients with acute fulminant myocarditis supported with VA ECMO survived to 90 days. Cardiac arrest prior to ECMO, lower pH and higher lactate concentration at 24 hours after ECMO initiation were correlated with 90-day mortality closely.ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT04158479, Registered 8 November 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04158479?term=hou+xiaotong&draw=2&rank=2.

Public policy rule as a ground for refusing in recognition and enforcement of international commercial arbitration awards in china mainland

In China, public policy is commonly defined as “social and public interest” or “public interest”, the understanding and boundaries of which are rather vague, which gives the court more a broad discretion in applying the public policy rule. The article examines the content and development of public order in the legislation of China. The author analyses the practice of application the public policy rule in China and provides statistical data about the ground for refusal of Chinese courts to enforce international commercial arbitration awards based on the information obtained from public databases containing Chinese court decisions. The author also provides examples of court decisions denying recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitration awards in mainland China and summarizes the rules for application by the Chinese people’s courts of the public policy rule, established in judicial decisions, and the tendencies in the development of China’s approach towards international commercial arbitration.

Urbanization Significantly Affects Pan-Evaporation Trends in Large River Basins of China Mainland

The causes of the pan-evaporation decline have been debated, and few researches have been carried out on the possible effect of local land use and land cover change on the regional pan-observation data series. In this paper, the urbanization effect on the estimate of pan-evaporation trends over 1961–2017 was examined for the data series of 331 urban stations, applying a previously developed dataset of the reference stations, in seven large river basins of the China mainland. The trends of pan-evaporation difference series (transformed to anomaly percentage) between urban stations and reference stations were negative and statistically significant in all of the basins, indicating that urbanization significantly reduced the pan-evaporation. The urbanization-induced trend in the whole study region was −2.54%/decade for the urban stations. Except for the Yellow River Basin and the upper Yangtze River Basin, the urbanization effects in the other five large river basins of the country are all significant, with the mid and low reaches of the Yangtze River and the Songhua River registering the largest urbanization effects of −4.08%/decade and −4.06%/decade, respectively. Since the trends of regional average series for reference stations across half of the river basins are not statistically significant, the urbanization effect is a dominant factor for the observed decline in pan-evaporation. This finding would deepen our understanding of the regional and basin-wide change in pan-evaporation observed over the last decades.

Going Abroad, Friends on Board: Cross-Border Venture Capital and Syndication Strategy in China

Cross-border venture capitals (CBVCs) are increasingly prevailing in recent decades, inter alia in emerging markets like China. The venture capital (VC) firms investing outside their home countries are faced with foreignness which is broadly regarded as liability. The primary aim of this article is to contribute to our understanding how foreignness affects VC’s strategy when entering emerging markets, particularly with respect to the foreignness originated from cultural distance. The data consist of over 5,000 CBVC deals taking place in China mainland from 1988 to 2016. Our empirical study shows that, with foreignness growing, it turns from liability into advantage in the context of CBVCs. We find an inverse U-shape relationship between foreignness and syndication, with VC firm’s reputation as the moderator. Besides, foreign VC firms establish local subsidiary when faced with foreignness, which serves as alternative to syndication. The key contribution of this article is that foreignness turns from liability into advantage in emerging markets, which exerts a curvilinear impact on the entry strategy of VC firms. This study advances the knowledge of foreignness and VC strategy, and sheds new light on entrepreneurial activities in emerging markets.