scholarly journals IDEAL ELECTRONIC CONTRACT MODEL AS A FORM OF E-COMMERCE DISPUTES SETTLEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Andi Aina Ilmih ◽  
A Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Risk Transfer ◽  
Freedom Of Contract ◽  
Online Dispute Resolution ◽  
Electronic Contracts ◽  
Good Intention ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
The Ideal

This study focuses on electronic contracts in the Indonesian Home Credits Financing Institution by analyzing the effect of electronic contracts on electronic transactions in Indonesia. Then find the ideal model of electronic contracts as a form of e-commerce legal dispute resolution. This study uses normative legal research methods, with a legal approach and a conceptual approach. Based on the research that has been done, the influence of electronic contracts in electronic transactions (e-commerce) in Indonesia has brought about major changes by changing the model of non-electronic (conventional) commercial transactions into electronic (modern) transactions and inspiring online dispute resolution. Then the ideal model of electronic contracts as a form of e-commerce legal dispute resolution in Indonesia, must contain 10 important things in the e-contract clause namely: 1. Freedom of Contract; 2). Offers and Receipts; 3). Good intention; 4). Use of Terms; 5). Risk Transfer; 6). Please Loss; (7). Emergencies; 8). Changing Contracts; 9). Termination reasons; 10). Choice of Law and Dispute Resolution online, as stated in the e-contract of Indonesian Home Credits.

scholarly journals Using argumentation theory to identify the challenges of shared decision-making when the doctor and the patient have a difference of opinion

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia A. Zanini ◽  
Sara Rubinelli
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Argumentation Theory ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Ideal

This paper aims to identify the challenges in the implementation of shared decision-making (SDM) when the doctor and the patient have a difference of opinion. It analyses the preconditions of the resolution of this difference of opinion by using an analytical and normative framework known in the field of argumentation theory as the ideal model of critical discussion. This analysis highlights the communication skills and attitudes that both doctors and patients must apply in a dispute resolution-oriented communication. Questions arise over the methods of empowerment of doctors and patients in these skills and attitudes as the preconditions of SDM. Overall, the paper highlights aspects in which research is needed to design appropriate programmes of training, education and support in order to equip doctors and patients with the means to successfully engage in shared decision-making.

scholarly journals Online Dispute Resolution to Resolve Consumer Disputes from the Perspective of European Union Law: Is the Potential of ODR Fully Used?

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Loutocký
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
European Union Law ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Online Dispute Resolution ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Online Tools ◽  
Electronic Transactions

Traditional judicial mechanisms did not offer an adequate solution for cross-border electronic commerce disputes. Although there has been expected great potential in solving disputes online and the rise of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) use, the assumptions has not been confirmed yet. Only a few examples demonstrate the success stories of ODR, which is in big contrast to the continuous growth of electronic transactions and in general with the use of the online environment. The European Commission however understood the potential of ODR and it is trying to foster the use of it by adopting the ODR Regulation and the ADR Directive. Such legal framework has been developed to apply in consumer disputes arising out of sales or providing services between an EU consumer and an EU trader.The ADR Directive sets out basic standards of ADR entities and processual rules under which it is possible to solve the dispute. Then under the ODR Regulation the complainant will be able to submit a complaint using the ODR platform. The complaint (and any related documentation) will be submitted to the ODR platform via an electronic form.Yet it is necessary to assess the risks of above mentioned legal framework. One of the great concerns are connected with possible forum shopping while providers are registering as ADR entities. Experienced trader (unlike the consumer) is able to choose ADR provider, which is more likely to decide in his favour. Possible exclusion of online negotiation or even online tools in general is then further underlining possible. The paper will thus assess main legal aspects of ADR / ODR legal framework of European Union Law and will deal with main problematic parts of it.

scholarly journals THE ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN PANCASILA’S FRAME

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Kasmudin Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Online Dispute Resolution ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
The Law ◽  
Research Show

Online Dispute Resolution is a solution in resolving problems outside the court where online dispute resolution is an appropriate solution to resolve online trade disputes, the settlement must apply Pancasila values. Method The approach used in this research is normative juridical. The results of the research show that the application of Online Dispute resolution in addition to legal reform in the field of electronic transactions is also related to efforts to create legal certainty in online dispute resolution in Indonesia. The basic principles of online dispute resolution in Pancasila values are reflected in the spirit of kinship and mutual cooperation, these principles is a reflection of Pancasila values leading to basic values which are the elaboration of the same spirit and within the limits allowed by these basic values. Agreed values in realizing the law as the goal of justice and creating justice

scholarly journals KLAUSULA BAKU DALAM PERJANJIAN ENDORSEMENT DIKAITKAN DENGAN ASAS KEBEBASAN BERKONTRAK

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Alya Yudityastri ◽  
, Suraji
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Freedom Of Contract ◽  
Standard Contract ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
Bargaining Position ◽  
Legal Writing

Abstract<br />This article aims to find out the validity of standard agreements in general and specially on endorsement  agreement. Validity of the endorsement agreement is reviewed from the Civil Code, Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. In addition to knowing the suitability of the endorsement agreement that contains a standard contract clause with the principle of freedom of contract. Legal writing in this study uses research normative law with the statutory approach and conceptual approach. Research result it is known that the endorsement agreement is an example of a standard agreement with through the electronic system is in accordance with the provisions of the validity of the agreement according to the Civil Code, Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions, Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Protection Consumer. Standard agreement if it is related to the principle of freedom of contract is still being the debate over the suitability. Some are of the view that standard agreements are included in the terms of the endorsement agreement, are not in accordance with the principle of freedom of contract because of intermediaries the parties do not have a balanced bargaining position. Others argue that the agreement is in accordance with the principle of freedom of contract provided there is no clause exoneration in it.<br />Keywords: Endorsement; Endorsement Contract; Standard Contract Clauses; Principle of Contract Freedom <br /><br />Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keabsahan perjanjian baku secara umum dan khususnya pada  perjanjian endorsement. Keabsahan perjanjian endorsement ditinjau dari KUHPerdata, Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Selain itu untuk mengetahui kesesuaian perjanjian endorsement yang memuat klausula kontrak baku dengan asas kebebasan berkontrak. Penulisan hukum dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa perjanjian endorsement yang merupakan salah satu contoh perjanjian baku dengan melalui sistem elektronik telah sesuai dengan ketentuan keabsahan perjanjian menurut KUHPerdata, Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Kesesuaian perjanjian baku dengan asas kebebasan berkontrak masih menjadi perdebatan. Beberapa berpandangan bahwa perjanjian baku termasuk di dalamnya perjanjian endorsement, tidak sesuai dengan asas kebebasan berkontrak karena di antara para pihaknya tidak memiliki posisi tawar yang seimbang. Sebagian lainnya berpendapat bahwa perjanjian tersebut telah sesuai dengan asas kebebasan berkontrak apabila tidak terdapat klausula eksonerasi di dalamnya.<br />Kata Kunci: Endorsement; Perjanjian Endorsement; Perjanjian Baku; Asas Kebebasan Berkontrak;

ASAS KEPASTIAN HUKUM DAN ASAS KEBEBASAN BERKONTRAK SEBAGAI PERTIMBANGAN UTAMA DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PERBANKAN SYARIAH (Kajian Yuridis Putusan MK Nomor 93/PUU-X/2012)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Edi Hudiata
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Contract Law ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Ideal Norm ◽  
Freedom Of Contract ◽  
Binding Force

Since the verdict of the Constitutional Court (MK) Number 93/PUU-X/2012 pronounced on Thursday, August 29, 2013, concerning the judicial review of Law No. 21 of 2008 on Islamic Banking, it is no longer dualism dispute resolution. The verdict as well as strengthen the jurisdiction of Religious Court to resolve Islamic banking disputes. In consideration of the judges, judges agreed stating that Article 55 paragraph (2) and (3) of Law No. 21 of 2008 which is an ideal norm, contains no constitutional problems. The problem is the explanation of the constitutional article 55 paragraph (2) of the Act. The emergence of the Constitutional Court verdict No. 93/PUU-X/2012 which substantially states that the explanation of Article 55 paragraph (2) of Law No. 21 of 2008 does not have binding force, basically does not violate the principle of freedom of contract which is common in contract law. The parties are allowed to make a dispute resolution agreement out of religious court based on provisions as Act No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution. Keywords: dispute resolution, legal certainty and the principle of freedom of contract

ONLINE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ODR) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DI ERA MODERNISASI

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
Suprihantosa Sugiarto
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Business World ◽  
Online Dispute Resolution ◽  
World Today ◽  
Long Time

Secara konvensional, penyelesaian sengketa bisnis pada umumnya diselesaikan melalui pengadilan (litigasi). Adapun proses litigasi lebih bergaya dominasi yang menyebabkan posisi para pihak yang berlawanan, jauh dari konsep integrasi yang bersifat win-win solution. Tidak dapat dipungkiri pula bahwa proses penyelesaian melalui litigasi membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama dan menyebabkan ketidakpastian bagi perusahaan atau para pihak yang bersengketa. Didalam dunia bisnis saat ini, penyelesaian sengketa melalui pengadilan tidak disukai oleh banyak pihak. Selanjutnya munculllah penyelesaian sengketa melalui jalur non letigasi. Salah satu bentuk non letigasi ini adalah Online Dispute Resolution (ODR). ODR merupakan penyelesaian sengketa melalui dunia maya (internet) tanpa melakukan pertemuan secara fisik. ODR sudah dilakukan di banyak negara di Amerika dan di Eropa. Hal ini ditandai dengan munculnya institusi yang direpresentasikan oleh website mereka yang melayani penyelesaian sengketa dengan jalur Online Dispute Resolution ini. ABSTRACT:onventionally, business disputes are settled by litigation. While the settlement process is more focused on domination which leads to the opposing party's position, far from the concept of integration which is a win-win solution. It cannot be denied either because the settlement process through litigation takes quite a long time and depends on the company or the parties in dispute. In the business world today, being approved through the court is not approved by many parties. Then came the agreement through the non-litigation way. One of it is Online Dispute Resolution (ODR). ODR is an agreement from the virtual world (internet) without having a physical meeting. ODR has been carried out in many countries in America and in Europe. This is indicated by the agreement represented by their website which is presented resolved by this Online Dispute Resolution.

Happiness, Virtue, and Political Society

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Rudavsky
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Political Society ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
The Road ◽  
Doctrine Of The Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Divine Law

Chapter 9 is concerned with social and political behavior. Even in the context of moral philosophy, Jewish philosophers discuss issues within the wider context of a rational scientific perspective. This chapter begins with specific moral codes developed by Jewish thinkers, focusing in particular upon the works of Ibn Gabirol, Baḥya ibn Paquda, Maimonides, and Crescas. Can there be ethical dictates independent of the commandments? The rabbis already worried whether there existed a domain of “right behavior” that pre-dates, or exists independently of, divine commandment. Does Aristotle’s doctrine of the mean apply to divine law? Furthermore, can all humans achieve intellectual perfection? Is the road the same, and open, to all? And is there only one road to ultimate felicity, or are there many routes? The chapter ends with a discussion of whether human felicity can be achieved in this life, and whether the prophet best represents the ideal model for such achievement.

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