scholarly journals METAPHORICAL THINKING AND THE PROBLEM OF (UN)TRANSLATABILITY

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Metaphorical Thinking ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
Single Positive ◽  
Postmodern Philosophy ◽  
General Basis ◽  
Human Thinking

The phenomenon of immanence of some knowledge about the properties of the world determines the primary «metaphoric» of human thinking, which is expressed in language. Appeal to this phenomenon is necessary to find a positive basis for the theory and practice of translation. The general conceptual spectrum of postmodern philosophy can not provide such a basis. An analysis of the texts of Jacques Derrida and Walter Benjamin shows that there is no general positive metalinguistic foundation in the mindset of these thinkers. According to Derrida, the signified appears in the form of a «constitutive loss». For Benjamin, the universal basis of real languages is a kind of mystical fiction. But without the positive general basis, there is no room for a real translation. From the point of view of Benjamin and Derrida, language is not a reservoir of meanings, but a field of their incessant creation. However, in the absence of a single positive foundation, this position inspires a potentially endless and extremely free «reconstruction» of the author’s intention. Therefore, the objective results of modern sciences, which study language and thinking, should prevent unjustifiably broad speculation on the problem of untranslatability. The information available at our disposal on the nature of the work of the «mental apparatus» of human and the features of the functioning of sign systems allow one to effectively correct the speculative incontinence of certain philosophical developments in the problematics of translation.

Effect of autumn feeding on dynamics of rectal congestion with excrement in carpathian breed honey bees

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Olesya V Strelbitskaya ◽  
◽  
Vladimir I. Kravchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Sugar Syrup ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Biological Laws ◽  
Honey Solution ◽  
Bee Colonies

Basic biological laws that govern the life of the bee family, as well as considering it as a whole organism, are necessary instruments for implementing effective methods of beekeeping and increasing the productivity of the industry. The study of the exterior features of bees must be carried out from different points of view for the concept of the complex activity of the bee family and in order to recommend methods for improving the preparation of bees for winter. Study of the mass of working bees and their rectum began to be used as the main indicator that affects the nature of the preparation of bee individuals for wintering. From the point of view of both theory and practice, filling the rectum with excrement in the autumn period will be an important indicator of an effective wintering in terms of preserving and further developing bee colonies. Effect of two kinds of liquid top feeding acidified with apple cider vinegar on the rectum congestion with excrement in working bees in the autumn, and the safety of bee colonies after winter was discussed in the article. The results of the indicators of the mass of working bees and intestinal mass when feeding two types of top dressing in the form of sugar syrup and honey solution with the addition of apple cider vinegar for the purpose of acidification are presented. The dynamics of rectal congestion in this group of bees is less compared to the group of bees receiving food in the form of sugar syrup. After wintering, during the spring audit, it was found that the safety of bees fed the autumn top dressing in the form of a honey solution with the addition of apple cider vinegar was 95% compared to bee families that received sugar syrup, the safety was 80.5%, with the detection of liquid excrement on the walls of hives and honeycombs

The Taste to Come

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 238-262
Author(s):  
Virgil W. Brower
Keyword(s):  
Friedrich Nietzsche ◽  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
The Body ◽  
Helene Cixous ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
To Come

This article exploits a core defect in the phenomenology of sensation and self. Although phenomenology has made great strides in redeeming the body from cognitive solipsisms that often follow short-sighted readings of Descartes and Kant, it has not grappled with the specific kind of corporeal self-reflexivity that emerges in the oral sense of taste with the thoroughness it deserves. This path is illuminated by the works of Martin Luther, Jean-Luc Marion, and Jacques Derrida as they attempt to think through the specific phenomena accessible through the lips, tongue, and mouth. Their attempts are, in turn, supplemented with detours through Walter Benjamin, Hélène Cixous, and Friedrich Nietzsche. The paper draws attention to the German distinction between Geschmack and Kosten as well as the role taste may play in relation to faith, the call to love, justice, and messianism. The messiah of love and justice will have been that one who proclaims: taste the flesh.

Assessment of Roma Children from Socially Disadvantageous Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Ján Ferjenčík
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Teaching Expertise ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Roma People

AbstractIntroduction:Psychological assessment of Roma children belongs to the most controversial topics in recent theory and practice of school psychology in Slovakia. The paper discusses the problem from the three main aspects.Discussion:The first of them raises into question the usability of “general intelligence” construct in the assessment practice. It is shown that from the psychometric point of view it is improper to represent couple of qualitatively different attributes by sole number. Moreover, intelligence as a construct refers to general mental achievement of child here and now but it says nothing about the causes and reasons of the achievement.The second part is devoted to the problem of test adaptation. The author draws attention to the fact that Roma people are the minority with own characteristics, including language, style of life, customs and values. Due to this, it is necessary to use in the psychological assessment solely well adapted psychological tests with special norms for Roma children.The third topic discusses the position of psychologists in decision-making with regard to the type of education of a particular child.Limitations:Because education is realized in a broad social context (policy, social attitudes and expectations, material and financial conditions, teaching expertise, etc.), many of these factors are out of psychologists´ direct control and competencies. Due to this, the primary task in the psychological assessment of Roma pupils should not be based on the question about the advisability of their special education. Instead of this, the psychologist should be concerned more on the proper description and explanation of children’s psychological functioning and, following this, on formulating individual and particular recommendations how and what cognitive, emotional or motivational elements it is necessary to develop at school.

La enseñanza de la ética profesional a estudiantes de derecho: análisis de caso

2018 ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Beca
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Ethics Course ◽  
Approach Theory ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Catholic Tradition ◽  
The Way

ResumenEl trabajo analiza el curso Ética Profesional en la carrera de Derecho en la Universidad Católica de Temuco. Examina la forma como se abordaba la ética profesional antes de la creación del curso, y lo que ha ocurrido con él a través de sucesivos cambios curriculares y la introducción del modelo por competencias. El curso aporta al sello identitario, mediante un enfoque multidisciplinario. El curso ha vinculado teoría y práctica, desde que comenzó a implementarse, hasta llegar actualmente a comprenderlo en la lógica de competencias. Esta mirada implica formar a los estudiantes para resolver dilemas éticos, lo que se hace mediante la metodología del ver–juzgar–actuar. Esta metodología de discernimiento es propia de la tradicióncatólica, pero se usa en este contexto sin un cariz religioso. El método en cuestión permite ir educando la autonomía a fn de tomar decisiones. Se analiza la importancia de contextualizar la enseñanza ética y la forma como esto se ha hecho en el curso. Finalmente se aborda la relevancia de formar la conciencia ética de los estudiantes.Palabras clave: Experiencia de enseñanza – Ética profesional –Método de discernimient.ResumoO artigo analisa o curso de Ética Profssional na Escola de Direito na Universidade Católica de Temuco. Examina a forma de como abordar a ética profssional antes da criação do curso, e o que tem acontecido com ele através de sucessivas mudanças curriculares e a introdução do modelo de competências. O curso aporta ao selo de identidade, através de uma abordagem multidisciplinar. O curso tem ligado teoria e prática, desde que começou a se programar até chegar atualmente a compreendê-lo na lógica de competência. Este olhar implica formar aos estudantes para resolver dilemas éticos, o que é feito pela metodologia do ver-julgar-agir. Este método de discernimento é próprio da tradição Católica, mas é usado neste contexto, sem um aspecto religioso. O método em questão permite ir educando na autonomia com a fnalidade de tomar decisões. Analisa-se a importância de contextualizar o ensino da ética e a forma como isso tem sido feito no curso. Finalmente se aborda a relevância de formar consciência ética dos estudantes.Palavras-chave: Experiência de ensino - Ética Profssional - Método de discernimento.AbstractThis paper analyses the Professional Ethics course at the School of Law of Universidad Católica de Temuco. It reviews the way in which ethics was addressed before the course was created, and what has happened with it through the subsequent curricular changes and the implementation of a competency based model. The course contributes to the seal of identity through a multidisciplinary approach. Theory and practice have been progressively bound together since the course was introduced, to reach a point, nowadays, in which the course is understood within the logic of competencies. This point of view implies educating students for solving ethical dilemmas, which is done through the see–judge–act methodology. This discernment methodology belongs to the Roman Catholic tradition, but is used in this context without its religious complexion. This method allows educating autonomy in order to make decisions. It also analyses the importance of contextualizing ethics education and the way in which this has been done in the course. Finally, it addresses the relevance ofcreating an ethical consciousness of the students.Keywords: Teaching experience – Professional Ethics – Discernment method

Some Issues of Detection and Investigation of Traces of Crimes

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Nikolai Karepanov
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
Payment Cards ◽  
Physical Objects ◽  
Human Hands

The author argues that traces include surrounding reality objects (physical objects and fields), altered by phenomena or events that occurred as a result of movement, processes and actions. The identification and investigation of traces of the investigated events is most often carried out at the places of their occurrence, separately studied and analyzed after their seizure in specially adapted and appropriately equipped conditions. The methods of traces detection are very diverse and are being constantly improved, so it is difficult even to classify them. Still, it is possible to distinguish some methodologies proposed in theory and practice. The author considers some methods of identifying traces when searching for living persons and corpses, identifying corpses; identifying and fixing traces of human hands; identifying traces on payment cards; identifying electronic traces, identifying traces of removing embossed images; identifying traces using the latest achievements of science and technology; identifying traces and constructing sign systems in description of material objects. The necessity of introduction of a standard of detecting and investigating the traces of crimes is also discussed, and a system of actions that should be included into this standard is proposed.

NONSENSE, ABSURDITY AND PARADOX AS LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL CATEGORIES

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ontological Category ◽  
Ordinary Meaning ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Human Thinking

In the article the analysis of nonsense, absurdity and paradox from the standpoint of linguistics is giv-en. Different points of view on these categories in relation to the meaning are considered. An attempt is made to reveal the commonality and specificity of nonsense, absurdity and paradox. Some researchers consider nonsense and paradox as a kind of absurdity. There is a dichotomous point of view on nonsense as one of the components of absurdity. However, there are works where these categories are differentiat-ed, for example, absurdity is understood as an ontological category, and nonsense as an epistemological category. There is a view of these categories through the allocation of "non-sense", "out-sense" and 136 "counter-sense" there is also a view that in the case of nonsense we are talking about the incompatibility of representations, and in the case of absurdity-the incompatibility of objects. If there are criteria that allow us to consider the presence of this phenomenon as natural, absurdity ceases to exist. Consequently, the view is expressed that nonsense, absurdity and paradox are different categories of thinking. Paradox is a contradiction arising from the presence of two or more common sense. The absurdity can be seen as a" counter-sense» opposing common sense and putting forward the concept of active impossibility of the latter's existence. As for nonsense, it is the meaning of metaphysical level – a meaning that goes beyond the ordinary meaning and creates new meanings. It is concluded that nonsense, absurdity and paradox are independent categories of human thinking, which is a manifestation of the cognitive function of hu-man consciousness.

Naive models as active expert system in bioengineering and chemical engineering

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 1476-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Dohnal
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Continuous Fermentation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Qualitative Variable ◽  
Human Thinking

A possibility of qualitative variable utilization for description and evaluation of phenomena and processes from non-formal human thinking point of view is presented. Paper gives methods of naïve modelling and realistically assesses results that can be awaited. The method is demonstrated on two case studies that are given in full details, namely continuous fermentation (fermentor, two separators) and anaerobic fermentation.

Theory and Practice of Quality Management in Lifelong Learning at a Public University

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-73
Author(s):  
Petr Adamec
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Public University ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
University Policy ◽  
Higher Education Act ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
Education Act

The core issue of this paper is a quality in the lifelong learning. The aim of the contribution is to describe the area, level and dimensions of quality in a wide range of lifelong learning programs, respectively of further education, which are realized in the sense of § 60 and 60a of the Higher Education Act. The content of the paper also focuses on the theoretical and practical starting points of the quality phenomenon, both from the historical point of view and especially from the perspective of the current focus and concept of university policy in the European and Czech region. The paper also presents the results of a survey focusing on approaches to the quality assurance systems in the concept of components at selected public university.

Journey towards best practices in acting on early warning signs in complex projects within a Russian context

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 828-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulnara Sharaborova ◽  
Derek H.T. Walker ◽  
Guinevere Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Doctoral Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Early Warning Signs ◽  
Complex Projects ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Phd Thesis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary report and reflect on a recently passed PhD thesis (Sharaborova, 2014b) related to project management topics. Design/methodology/approach – This paper focussed on narrative reflection upon the completed doctoral journey. Findings – This paper presents the thesis findings, the research models, the guide in dealing with the early warning signs that developed as a result of this research and the contribution made to theory and practice. Research limitations/implications – Limitations of the research and the perspectives of the further diffusion of the research findings are considered. Originality/value – This TRN is a PhD candidate’s point of view as well as the opinions of the scientific research supervisors about the doctoral study and its outcome. The paper could be useful for novice researchers who wish to conduct their research and did not yet make a decision.

The speciation continuum and species relations between populations: in search of agreement between the theory and practice of systematics

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Zinenko
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Species Concept ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
As Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Traditional Taxonomy

From an evolutionary point of view, the achievement of species status by a group of populations is an ongoing process (except for rare cases of instantaneous speciation), during which isolated populations acquire traits and adaptations that minimize gene flow between them. However, depending on the group, the ways and timing of the gaining of reproductive isolation may be different. In such a complex group for systematics as small vipers (genus Vipera, subgenus Pelias), there are a number of problematic situations for species delimitation: the ability to form hybrids and hybrid populations between species, adaptive hybridization and hybrid speciation, and possible traces of reversed speciation, which indicate that complete and irreversible reproductive isolation may not be achieved at all. The effectiveness of reproductive isolation largely depends on external factors, mostly related to the range spatial structure, ecology of species in areas of sympatry, as well as climatic conditions and their changes, landscape dynamics, etc. The only species concept that allows to describe new species in the absence of reproductive isolation, recognizes the possibility of hybrid and reverse speciation — de Queiroz unified species concept — is practically unsuitable due to the need to consider as species a large number of isolated populations. Therefore, the solution is a conservative approach in practical taxonomy, which takes into account as a species criterion the ecological divergence of species, the possibility of their sympatric existence, which is usually achieved at 5% divergence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Stabilized hybrid populations occupying distinct ecological niche different from those of parental species also deserve recognition as species of hybrid origin. Not only species deserves to be protected, but also a distinguishable and diverged group of populations — Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) or subspecies in traditional taxonomy.

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