scholarly journals Third Molar Agenesis in Post-Medieval Chichester

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devyn Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Dental Anomaly ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Molar Agenesis ◽  
Dental Reduction ◽  
Evolutionary Step ◽  
Larger Sample

Third molar agenesis is a dental anomaly that occurs in approximately 25% of people worldwide and results in the complete absence of one or more of the third molars in the dentition. A rise in the prevalence of congenitally absent third molars has been noted in modern populations, and it has been proposed as the final evolutionary step in the dental reduction of the human dentition.   Whilst much research has been conducted in modern cohorts, relatively little has been published on third molar agenesis in archaeological assemblages. A post-medieval assemblage from Chichester was visually and radiographically analysed to determine the prevalence of this anomaly. Third molars were measured to determine if there was an association between agenesis and size reduction. Prevalence of agenesis was found to be relatively high at 42.7% and 2 of 8 measurements were found to produce significant differences. Consequently, it can be said that high rates of third molar agenesis are not solely a modern phenomenon, as many prevalence rates in recent populations are lower. However, if we are to assess the significance of size differences in third molars of those with agenesis and those without, and to detect patterns within and between these groups, assemblages with larger sample sizes are needed. In order to better understand the trajectory and evolution of this anomaly, more archaeological assemblages must be examined.

scholarly journals Evaluation of chronological age based on third-molar development in the Serbian population

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1054-1059
Author(s):  
Gordana Filipovic ◽  
Nadica Djordjevic ◽  
Nikola Stojanovic ◽  
Zlata Brkic ◽  
Marija Igic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
The Third ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Demirjian Method

Background/Aim. Persons identification and their age assessment is necessary in vast number of cases and there are different methods used for such purposes. Numerous studies indicate that the third molar development could play a crucial role in identifying an individual`s age. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility for estimating the chronological age based on the third molar development stages in children and young adults in the Serbian population. Methods. A total of 570 Serbian patients aged 6?27 years were included in this study. Out of the total number of subjects, there were 248 males with an average age of 12.21 ? 3.91 years, and 332 females with an average age of 12.88 ? 4.06 years. Stages of dental formation were determined on orthopantomograms by comparing with standard Demirjian radiographic appearances. Results. Third molars mineralization occured more rapidly in males than in females. Most of the persons with third molar (the stage H development according to the Demirjian method) were older than 18 years. Conclusion. ?hird molar mineralization stages determination on orthopantomograms is useful additional method for determination of chronological age in living individuals. This finding might be important for forensic studies, focusing on the determination of the legally important ages. Variability among different ethnic groups has to be taken into consideration when applying this method. It is necessary to carry out extensive surveys on a larger sample in order to determine the norms for assessing the dental and chronological age of Serbian population.

scholarly journals Third Molar Agenesis Is Associated with Facial Size

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Gkantidis ◽  
Manuel Tacchi ◽  
Elias S. Oeschger ◽  
Demetrios Halazonetis ◽  
Georgios Kanavakis
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Third Molar Agenesis ◽  
Congenitally Missing ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Normal Controls

Individuals with congenitally missing permanent teeth, other than third molars, present smaller craniofacial configurations compared to normal controls. However, it is not known if agenesis of third molars is part of the same mechanism. Therefore, this study assessed individuals with and without isolated third molar agenesis and tested the relation of this condition to the size of their facial configurations, using geometric morphometric methods. We show that the absence of one or more third molars is associated with a smaller maxilla, smaller mandible and a smaller overall facial configuration. The effect was larger as the number of missing third molars increased. For example, the size of the mandibular centroids in five 16-year-old females with no, one, two, three or four missing third molars showed a size reduction of approximately 2.5 mm per missing third molar. In addition, in cases with third molar agenesis in one jaw only, the effect was also evident on the opposite jaw. Our findings suggest that isolated third molar agenesis is part of a developmental mechanism resulting also in craniofacial size reduction. This might be the effect of an evolutionary process observed in humans, leading to fewer and smaller teeth, as well as smaller facial structures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Panoramic Radiographs in Relation to the Mandibular Third Molar and to Incidental Findings in an Adult Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefine Cederhag ◽  
Nina Lundegren ◽  
Per Alstergren ◽  
Xie-Qi Shi ◽  
Kristina Hellén-Halme
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Patient Positioning ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
The Third

Abstract Objectives The aim was to evaluate the characteristics of the mandibular third molars, especially in relation to the inferior alveolar nerve. Further aims were to investigate incidental findings in panoramic radiographs in an adult population, and to investigate image quality related to patient positioning. Materials and Methods From a previous study with 451 randomly selected adult participants who lived in Sweden, 442 panoramic radiographs from four dental public health clinics were used. The third molars’ characteristics and relation to inferior alveolar nerve were evaluated. Incidental findings and patient positioning were recorded. Statistical Analysis Frequency analysis was used to investigate the occurrence of all findings and their possible interconnections. Whether the patients’ age or gender had an impact or not was also analyzed. Results The third molars were erupted in vertical position among 73% regardless of age. When retained or semi-retained, they were most commonly in mesioangular positions. The inferior alveolar nerve was located inferior to the roots in 52%, whereas an overlapped position was most common if the third molar was retained (90%), semi-retained (83%) or the age was less than 30 years (66%). Common incidental findings were apical radiolucencies, idiopathic osteosclerosis, and tooth fragments. Suboptimal patient positioning was found in one-third of the radiographs. Conclusions Panoramic radiography is a useful method to evaluate third molar prior to surgical removal and may be the only image required. Most incidental findings on panoramic radiographs does not seem to require any further odontological management.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Hemodynamic Cerebral Disordersin Patients Subjected to the Third Molar Extraction.Evaluation of the Effectiveness of OsteopathicRehabilitation after Tooth Extraction

2016 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
А. . Atyakshev ◽  
N. . Tekoutieva
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Cerebral Hemodynamics ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
The Third ◽  
Upper Jaw ◽  
Rehabilitation Measures

Extraction of the third molars from the upper jaw can cause somatic dysfunctions and changes in cerebral hemodynamics in patients. Rehabilitation measures aimed to correct somatic dysfunctions and restore cerebral hemodynamics are necessary for these patients.

scholarly journals Accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography in defining spatial relationships between third molar roots and inferior alveolar nerve

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 454-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Pippi ◽  
Marcello Santoro ◽  
Ferdinando D'Ambrosio
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
The Third

ABSTRACT Objective: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been proposed in surgical planning of lower third molar extraction. The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability of CBCT in defining third molar root morphology and its spatial relationships with the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). Materials and Methods: Intraoperative and radiographic variables of 74 lower third molars were retrospectively analyzed. Intraoperative variables included IAN exposure, number of roots, root morphology of extracted third molars, and presence/absence of IAN impression on the root surface. Radiographic variables included presence/absence of the cortex separating IAN from the third molar roots on CBCT examination, number of roots and root morphology on both orthopantomography (OPG) and CBCT. The statistical association between variables was evaluated using the Fisher's exact test. Results: In all cases of intraoperative IAN exposure, the cortex appeared discontinuous on CBCT images. All cases, in which the cortical bone was continuous on CBCT images, showed no association with nerve exposure. In all cases in which nerve impression was identified on the root surface, the IAN cortex showed interruptions on CBCT images. No nerve impression was identified in any of the cases, in which the cortex appeared continuous on CBCT images. CBCT also highlighted accessory roots and apical anomalies/curvatures, not visible on the OPG. Conclusions: CBCT seems to provide reliable and accurate information about the third molar root morphology and its relationship with the IAN.

The Oblique Lateral Jaw Radiograph

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
C. P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Third ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Film Area

The Oblique Lateral Jaw Radiograph has been used as a routine diagnostic x-ray view for many years as an aid to orthodontic diagnosis and for the assessment of the positions of unerupted third molar teeth. Many methods for obtaining clear undistorted views of the teeth have been suggested from a freehand setting up of film, patient and x-ray tube, to the use of simple orientated devices. The present article describes a method of standardizing the relationship of film and x-ray tube to one another so that it is only necessary for the radiographer thereafter to place the patient on the film area in a manner depending on whether a view. is required of the third molars only or of the complete upper and lower buccal segments.

scholarly journals Third Molar Eruption Mechanisms and Patterns

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Winnie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
The Third ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Surgical Extraction ◽  
Incipient Caries ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Third Molar Eruption

Third molars are highly variable in their presence and form. This report focuses on a horizontally impacted third molar and analyzes the potential etiology of this situation. Upon a clinical and radiographic examination, it was noted that the patient had four third molars present. The patient’s third molars began erupting around the age of 19. Currently, they are asymptomatic with incipient caries on the occlusal surfaces. While three of the third molars erupted in a normal orientation, one of the third molars (mandibular left) erupted in an orientation that would be classified as horizontal and/or mesio-angular. No treatment has been undertaken at the moment, however surgical extraction can be recommended with the prognosis being very good. For the clinician that has to treat dental complications that arise from abnormal tooth eruption, as seen in numerous genetic and acquired disorders, knowledge about the basic molecular mechanisms involved may become extremely important.

scholarly journals Bilateral Hypodontia of Mandibular Second Premolars and Lateral Incisors in a Nonsyndromic Patient: A Rare Case Report

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
Shakun Kanjani
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Dental Anomaly ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rare Case Report

ABSTRACT Hypodontia is the term used to describe the developmental absence of one or more primary or permanent teeth, excluding the third molars. It is the most commonly occurring developmental dental anomaly and can be a challenge to manage clinically. Hypodontia can occur in association with syndrome or it may occur in nonsyndromic patient. Bilateral occurrence is common but it is very rare to see two bilateral congenital missing teeth in a nonsyndromic patient. This case report presents a rare occurrence of congenital bilateral missing mandibular second premolars and mandibular lateral incisors in a nonsyndromic patient. How to cite this article Agarwal N, Chaturvedy S, Marwah N, Mishra P, Kanjani S. Bilateral Hypodontia of Mandibular Second Premolars and Lateral Incisors in a Nonsyndromic Patient: A Rare Case Report. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(1):24-26.

scholarly journals Presence and Maturation Dynamics of Mandibular Third Molars and Their Influence on Late Mandibular Incisor Crowding: Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Žigante ◽  
Andrej Pavlic ◽  
Luka Morelato ◽  
Vaska Vandevska-Radunovic ◽  
Stjepan Spalj
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Mandibular Incisor ◽  
Dental Maturation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Irregularity Index ◽  
Mandibular Third Molar ◽  
Mandibular Third Molars ◽  
Dental Plaster ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the presence and dynamics of mandibular third molar development and the occurrence and amount of late mandibular incisor crowding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental plaster casts and panoramic radiographs of 72 orthodontically untreated subjects from the Nittedal growth study, Norway were analysed. The subjects were recalled for check-up at 12, 15, 18 and 21 years of age. Mandibular incisor crowding was assessed using the Little’s irregularity index and dental maturation of the third molars by the Cameriere’s index.RESULTS: The majority of the subjects (64%) had ≥1mm increase in irregularity; 22% experienced increase of 0.1-0.9mm and 14% had unchanged or decreased irregularity. Incisor irregularity increased with age, regardless of absence or presence of third molars. The amount of change in incisor irregularity from 12 to 21 years did not differ significantly between subjects with hypodontia of third molars, extraction and those with third molars present. No differences were observed between erupted, unerupted or impacted third molars. No correlation was found between the amount of change in irregularity and maturation of the third molars.CONCLUSIONS: Occurrence and amount of mandibular late incisor crowding is not significantly influenced by presence or development dynamics of mandibular third molars.

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