scholarly journals Third Molar Eruption Mechanisms and Patterns

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Winnie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
The Third ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Surgical Extraction ◽  
Incipient Caries ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Third Molar Eruption

Third molars are highly variable in their presence and form. This report focuses on a horizontally impacted third molar and analyzes the potential etiology of this situation. Upon a clinical and radiographic examination, it was noted that the patient had four third molars present. The patient’s third molars began erupting around the age of 19. Currently, they are asymptomatic with incipient caries on the occlusal surfaces. While three of the third molars erupted in a normal orientation, one of the third molars (mandibular left) erupted in an orientation that would be classified as horizontal and/or mesio-angular. No treatment has been undertaken at the moment, however surgical extraction can be recommended with the prognosis being very good. For the clinician that has to treat dental complications that arise from abnormal tooth eruption, as seen in numerous genetic and acquired disorders, knowledge about the basic molecular mechanisms involved may become extremely important.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Driven Molar Angulation Measurements to Predict Third Molar Eruption on Panoramic Radiographs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrthel Vranckx ◽  
Adriaan Van Gerven ◽  
Holger Willems ◽  
Arne Vandemeulebroucke ◽  
André Ferreira Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Automated Measurement ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Reference Measurements ◽  
Third Molar Eruption

The purpose of the presented Artificial Intelligence (AI)-tool was to automatically segment the mandibular molars on panoramic radiographs and extract the molar orientations in order to predict the third molars’ eruption potential. In total, 838 panoramic radiographs were used for training (n = 588) and validation (n = 250) of the network. A fully convolutional neural network with ResNet-101 backbone jointly predicted the molar segmentation maps and an estimate of the orientation lines, which was then iteratively refined by regression on the mesial and distal sides of the segmentation contours. Accuracy was quantified as the fraction of correct angulations (with predefined error intervals) compared to human reference measurements. Performance differences between the network and reference measurements were visually assessed using Bland−Altman plots. The quantitative analysis for automatic molar segmentation resulted in mean IoUs approximating 90%. Mean Hausdorff distances were lowest for first and second molars. The network angulation measurements reached accuracies of 79.7% [−2.5°; 2.5°] and 98.1% [−5°; 5°], combined with a clinically significant reduction in user-time of >53%. In conclusion, this study validated a new and unique AI-driven tool for fast, accurate, and consistent automated measurement of molar angulations on panoramic radiographs. Complementing the dental practitioner with accurate AI-tools will facilitate and optimize dental care and synergistically lead to ever-increasing diagnostic accuracies.

scholarly journals Possibilty of the lower third molar eruption: Radiographic analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Nenad Nedeljkovic ◽  
Zorana Stamenkovic ◽  
Zoran Tatic ◽  
Alek Racic
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
The Third ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
The Right ◽  
B Lines ◽  
Third Molar Eruption

Backgraund/Aim. To assess the possibility of the eruption of the lower third molar on the basis of the measured parameters: retromolar space, mesiodistal crown width of a molar and the third molar angulation. Methods. The investigation included 104 patients both sexes (43 boys, and 61 girls), 16 to 25 years old (meanage, 18 years). It was performed using the orthopanthomographic radiographs analysis of those patients. Each radiograph was covered by tracing paper, and the contoures of the followiny anatomic details were drawn: a) the crown and root contours of third molars, upper and lower central incisors, distal molars in occlusion, anterior edge of ramus mandible, b) lines: 1. the occlusal plane, 2. the line of retromolar space, 3. the mesiodistal crown width of third molar, 4. the axial shaft of the third molar and the distal angle between occlusal plane and the axial shaft of the third molar. The values were measured with an orthodontic caliper: the diameter of retromolar space, diameter of mesiodistal width, the value of distal angle between occlusal plane and axial shaft of molar. Results. A favourable angulation of the lower third molar (more than 60?) was found in, boys (left 27.90%, right 32.55%), girls (left 39.34%, right 37.77%). A favourable relationship between the diameters of mesiodistal width of the third molar and retromolar space was found in, boys, (left 13.59%, right 16.27%), girls, (left 8.19%, right 14.75%). A favorable relationship between the diameters of mesiodistal width of the third molar and the retromolar space and the angulation was found in boys, (left 9.30%, right 11.62%), girls, (left 6.56%, right 9.83%). Conclusion. There was not any statistically significant difference found between the relation of the retromolar value, third molar mesiodistal diameter, or of the third molar angulation to the left and the right side nor of their mutual relations in comparing boys and girls. A favorable prognosis was found in 9.33% of the patients.

Bacteremia Following Surgical Dental Extraction with an Emphasis on Anaerobic Strains

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rajasuo ◽  
K. Perkki ◽  
S. Nyfors ◽  
H. Jousimies-Somer ◽  
J.H. Meurman
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Dental Extraction ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
The Third ◽  
Surgical Extraction ◽  
Streptococcus Milleri ◽  
Streptococcus Milleri Group ◽  
Mandibular Third Molars ◽  
Viridans Group Streptococci

Our aim was to investigate bacteremia caused by surgical extraction of partly erupted mandibular third molars. From 16 young adults, bacterial samples were taken from the third-molar pericoronal pocket and post-operatively from the extraction socket, and blood samples were drawn from the ante-cubital vein up to 30 min after surgery. Of the subjects, 88% had detectable bacteremia—50% 1 min after the incision, 44% immediately after extraction. The respective percentages at 10, 15, and 30 min were 44%, 25%, and 13%. Blood cultures contained 31 species (74% anaerobes), with 3.9 ± 2.6 species isolated per subject. Most prevalent were the anaerobes Prevotella, Eubacterium, and Peptostreptococcus sp. and the aerobes viridans-group streptococci and Streptococcus milleri group. Any species found in the blood was also isolated from the mouth, from 93% of the pericoronal pockets and from 43% of the extraction sockets. Surgical dental extraction clearly causes bacteremia of a high frequency and lasting longer than thus far assumed.

scholarly journals Size of the lower third molar space in relation to age in Serbian population

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 923-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenija Zelic ◽  
Nenad Nedeljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Gonial Angle ◽  
Angle Size ◽  
The Third ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Third Molar Eruption

Background/Aim. It is considered that the shortage of space is the major cause of the third molar impaction. The aim of this study was to establish the frequency of insufficient lower third molar eruption space in Serbian population, to question the differences in this frequency in the subjects of different age, to determine the influence of the lower third molar space (retromolar space) size on third molar eruption, and to investigate a possible correlation between the size of gonial angle and the space/third molar width ratio. Methods. Digital orthopantomograms were taken from 93 patients divided into two groups: early adult (16-18 years of age) and adult (18-26) patients. Retromolar space, mesiodistal third molar crown width, gonial angle and eruption levels were measured. Results. The space/third molar width in early adult subjects was smaller (p < 0.0001) and insufficient space was significantly more frequent (p = 0.0003) than in adult patients. Considerably more third molars erupted in case of enough space in both age groups (p < 0.0001). There was no difference between the means of gonial angle size in relations to the available space. Conclusions. The retromolar space/third molar width ratio is more favorable in adult subjects. Gonial angle is not in correlation with the retromolar space/third molar width ratio.

scholarly journals Impacted Maxillary Third Molar: Report of Two Cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1430
Author(s):  
Tsvetan Borisov Tsvetanov ◽  
Nicola Stamenov
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bone Removal ◽  
Maxillary Third Molar ◽  
Surgical Extraction

The aim of this case report was to review two cases of patients with impacted maxillary third molars. Both were symptomatic and presence of pathology clinically and radiographically. Surgical extraction of these third molars with accessible positions requires a bone removal. Moreover, it contains a high risk of displacement of the third molars into the maxillary sinus. The postoperative period for both cases was without complications.

scholarly journals Effect of Genetic and Environmental Factors on the Impaction of Lower Third Molars

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1824
Author(s):  
Giedrė Trakinienė ◽  
Dalia Smailienė ◽  
Kristina Lopatienė ◽  
Tomas Trakinis ◽  
Antanas Šidlauskas
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Common Environment ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Common ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Third Molar Eruption

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the impact of genetic and environmental factors on the impaction of lower third molars using a classical twin study by evaluation of the third molar eruption space and M3 angulation. The study group consisted of 212 twins: 80 dizygotic and 132 monozygotic twins with digital panoramic radiograms and lateral cephalograms. The zygosity of twins was determined using 15 highly polymorphic DNA regions from the venous blood of twins. The results showed that differences between siblings in the dizygotic and monozygotic twin pairs were not statistically significant. The most fitting model for the angulations of lower third molars was AE (additive genetic and specific environmental effect), where the additive genetic factors had up to 88% influence and the specific environment up to 27%. Therefore, the ACE( additive genetic, common and specific environmental effect), model showed higher significance for the lower third molar eruption level where additive genetic estimates reached 71%, a specific environment contributed up to 15% and the common environment reached 32%. The conclusion was that a considerable proportion of the third molar impaction could be attributed to additive genetic effects and the common environment, whereas the specific environment had a lower, but significant impact.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Panoramic Radiographs in Relation to the Mandibular Third Molar and to Incidental Findings in an Adult Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefine Cederhag ◽  
Nina Lundegren ◽  
Per Alstergren ◽  
Xie-Qi Shi ◽  
Kristina Hellén-Halme
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Findings ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Patient Positioning ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
The Third

Abstract Objectives The aim was to evaluate the characteristics of the mandibular third molars, especially in relation to the inferior alveolar nerve. Further aims were to investigate incidental findings in panoramic radiographs in an adult population, and to investigate image quality related to patient positioning. Materials and Methods From a previous study with 451 randomly selected adult participants who lived in Sweden, 442 panoramic radiographs from four dental public health clinics were used. The third molars’ characteristics and relation to inferior alveolar nerve were evaluated. Incidental findings and patient positioning were recorded. Statistical Analysis Frequency analysis was used to investigate the occurrence of all findings and their possible interconnections. Whether the patients’ age or gender had an impact or not was also analyzed. Results The third molars were erupted in vertical position among 73% regardless of age. When retained or semi-retained, they were most commonly in mesioangular positions. The inferior alveolar nerve was located inferior to the roots in 52%, whereas an overlapped position was most common if the third molar was retained (90%), semi-retained (83%) or the age was less than 30 years (66%). Common incidental findings were apical radiolucencies, idiopathic osteosclerosis, and tooth fragments. Suboptimal patient positioning was found in one-third of the radiographs. Conclusions Panoramic radiography is a useful method to evaluate third molar prior to surgical removal and may be the only image required. Most incidental findings on panoramic radiographs does not seem to require any further odontological management.

scholarly journals Low-intensity laser efficacy in postoperative extraction of third molars

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Nascimento MILETO ◽  
Fabiano Goulart AZAMBUJA
Keyword(s):  
Laser Therapy ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Low Level Laser Therapy ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Third Molar Surgery ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Level Laser ◽  
Surgical Extraction

ABSTRACT The search for means that enable a better quality of life for postoperative patients should be incessant. The surgical extraction of third molars can result in potential complications such as pain, swelling and trismus, along with discomfort in the recovery phase. Therefore, this narrative review was to analyze, from systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials, the use of low level laser therapy as influencer the clinical state after third molar surgery. Scientific articles were searched through PubMed and Science Direct database. In spite of the evaluated studies have cited the effectiveness of laser therapy such as tissue repair, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, variety of analysis models and diversity of dosimetry leaves a gap on their true efficacy. Based on the research conducted, we suggest the adjuvant use of diode laser GaAlAs with 810 nm (λ), 100 mW constant power and 4 J/cm2 of energy, intra and extra oral form at least three sections to minimize possible occurrences of third molar surgery.

scholarly journals Comparison of Piezosurgery and Conventional Rotary Instruments for Removal of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars: A Randomized Controlled Clinical and Radiographic Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Arakji ◽  
Mohamed Shokry ◽  
Nayer Aboelsaad
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Surgical Extraction ◽  
Impacted Mandibular Third Molars ◽  
Mandibular Third Molars ◽  
Bone Quantity

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars using piezosurgery versus the conventional surgical technique on postoperative sequelae and bone healing.Material and Methods.This study was carried out as a randomized controlled clinical trial: split mouth design. Twenty patients with bilateral mandibular third molar mesioangular impaction class II position B indicated for surgical extraction were treated randomly using either the piezosurgery or the conventional bur technique on each site. Duration of the procedure, postoperative edema, trismus, pain, healing, and bone density and quantity were evaluated up to 6 months postoperatively.Results.Test and control sites were compared using pairedt-test. There was statistical significance in reduction of pain and swelling in test sites, where the time of the procedure was statistically increased in test site. For bone quantity and quality, statistical difference was found where test site showed better results.Conclusion.Piezosurgery technique improves quality of patient’s life in form of decrease of postoperative pain, trismus, and swelling. Furthermore, it enhances bone quality within the extraction socket and bone quantity along the distal aspect of the mandibular second molar.

scholarly journals Clinical assessment of impacted lower third molars at Ekpan, Delta State in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-355
Author(s):  
Mabel Okiemute Etetafia ◽  
Ese Anibor ◽  
Martins Obaroefe
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Impacted Tooth ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Impacted Teeth ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Surgical Extraction ◽  
Impacted Mandibular Third Molars ◽  
Mandibular Third Molars

Introduction: Diagnosis and management of impacted mandibular third molars call for a cogent appraisal and treatment choice both for the sick person and the dental practitioner. This academic work scrutinized the pattern as well as treatment of impacted mandibular third molars at the Teem Clinic and Dental Centre, Ekpan, Delta State, in Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey involved 131 cases who reported impacted mandibular third molars. The age, gender, impacted tooth, type of impaction, pathological conditions, and treatment proffered were recorded.Results: The male to female ratio was 0.8:1, with an age range of 10 to 40 years. Of the lower third molar impactions 58 (42.0%) were mesioangular, 5 (3.6%) horizontal, 18 (13.0%) vertical and 57 (41.3%) were distoangular. A total of 47 (34.1%) quested for dental attention following varying degrees of pain induced by pericoronitis. Teeth removal was accomplished for 76 (55.0%) owing to carious lesions on the impacted teeth, proximate tooth, or both. Surgical extraction was the option taken in 69 (50.0 %) with caries on the impacted teeth while 3 (2.2%) had to pull out of their teeth done owing to carious lesions on the bordering second molars. In 3 (2.2%) both the impacted third molar and the proximate second molar were decayed. Conclusions: The prevailing indication for pulling out impacted mandibular third molars was acute pericoronitis. Mesioangular sort of impaction was most recurrent and ought to be considered for theplausibility of frequentness of complications.

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