scholarly journals Research on food-related chronic diseases in Latin America and the Caribbean: Are we building the evidence for gender-equitable approaches?

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Teralynn Ludwick ◽  
Daniela Neri
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Food Environments ◽  
Transformative Research ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
And Gender

Objectives. Gender continues to be largely neglected in the global response to the noncommunicable disease epidemic. The objectives of this study were to examine current practice and barriers faced by Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) researchers in addressing gender in research on healthy food environments, and to identify future topics for gender-sensitive and gender-transformative research. Methods. This study involved: 1) a descriptive, three-part survey to investigate to what extent LAC researchers are integrating gender considerations in research for healthier food environments and 2) a participatory workshop to coproduce ideas for future gender-sensitive and gender-transformative research. Results. Fifty-four participants, from 19 countries, attended the workshop. Of those 54, 41 of them responded to at least one section of the three-part survey, including with 26 of the 41 responding to the section on gender. Of these 26, 17 (65.4%) had collected sex-disaggregated data and 14 (53.8%) had conducted gender analysis in recent research on food environments. Few participants had integrated gender-related findings in their recommendations and solutions. Challenges included data and methodological limitations (e.g., lack of preexisting evidence, working with secondary data), knowledge and capacity gaps, subject sensitivity, and biases. Participants identified research topics for enhancing gender equity that included food preparation norms and domestic responsibilities; differential participation of women and men in food production, distribution, and retail; and employment and school policies. Conclusions. The findings from this study suggest that gender inequity is not being well addressed in food environment research from the LAC region. The analytical framework presented here can serve as an important starting point and resource for catalyzing future gender-transformative research. Complementary efforts are needed to overcome other challenges raised by the participating researchers, including capacity gaps, resource and data limitations, and publishing barriers.

Internationalization of emerging multinationals: the Latin American case

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Losada-Otálora ◽  
Lourdes Casanova
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Emerging Multinationals ◽  
Internationalization Strategies ◽  
American Case ◽  
Key Resources

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytical framework that challenges the condescending view of multinationals of emerging countries. In this paper, it is showed that emerging multinational companies (EMNCs) developed valuable resources that leveraged their internationalization strategies. Design/methodology/approach – An exploratory approach was used to investigate the internationalization strategies of EMNCs. A qualitative study was built on secondary data sources, particularly analysis of cases of the internationalization of Latin American companies. Findings – The internationalization strategies deployed by EMNCs are similar to the strategies of traditional multinationals (firms of developed countries). Similarly, EMNCs exploit, acquire or defend their resources in foreign markets. Additionally, the selection of each strategy depends on the availability, transferability and substitutability of the resources involved in the internationalization. Research limitations/implications – The traditional approaches that study the role of resources in the internationalization of the EMNCs have some shortcomings. It is worth conducting additional research including the approach developed here to advance in the comprehension of the behavior of EMNCs. Practical implications – Managers must identify and develop key resources to invest abroad. Additionally, managers need to take into account the characteristics of the resources of their firms to select an adequate strategy abroad. Originality/value – This paper shows that EMNCs are not resource laggards. Consequently, theoretical and empirical evidence is provided to advance the development of comprehensive theories of the internationalization of EMNCs. This paper offers academics and practitioners with a new focus to analyze the internationalization of EMNCs which are recognized as a driving force of the global economy.

STEM Fields and Ethnic Women in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
pp. 1203-1229
Author(s):  
Charles Mpofu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Mathematics

A critical race theory was used to analyse policies and strategies in place to enable the participation of New Zealand ethnic women of Latin-American, Middle Eastern, and African (MELAA) origin in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields (STEM) in education and industry. The aim was to find out what policy – and other – levers are available for better participation in the STEM fields by the ethnic women's population. The process involved an analysis of publicly available official documents on STEM strategies at national and regional levels. The main findings were that gender issues are expressed in a generic way, either across all ethnic groups, or across the four ethnic groups where the MELAA stands not clearly identifiable in the classifications. Recommendations include the need to develop policies and strategies that account for race and gender equity as part of an agenda to eliminate marginalization of this group.

Embodying the Web, recoding gender: How feminists are shaping progressive politics in Latin America

First Monday ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Cruz Lobato ◽  
Cristiana Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Digital Activism ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Internet Politics ◽  
Digital Politics ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Many

This work takes the ambiguity of engaging politically in a Web interwoven with power and gender asymmetries as a starting point to emphasize the heterogeneities and multiplicities of digital politics. We engage with the idea that technology intervenes on women’s’ bodies to analyze how digital activism is deeply connected to corporeality (Daniels, 2009), looking at the Brazilian #EleNão campaign on Facebook to emphasize how the embodiment of feminist struggles in commercial platforms unveils deeply embodied misogynistic dispositions in social media, and to latin-american feminist infrastructures as challenging such dispositions. We argue that transgressing gender norms involves both engaging with social networks and creating alternative forms of coding women’s bodies, and that, beyond the dichotomy of enchantment/disenchantment with contemporary Internet politics, it might be useful to simply stay with the trouble, embrace and recognize the complexities of the many possible Web activisms experienced in Latin America.

Gendering Institutional Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Waylen
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Change ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
Historical Institutionalism ◽  
Gender And Politics ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Key Concepts

Many institutionalist scholars—historical institutionalists in particular—have recognized for some time that our understanding of institutional change needs to be improved. Taking this premise as a starting point, this article develops it by arguing that we not only need to understand institutional change better but that we also need to improve our understanding of how it is gendered. The chapter combines key elements from institutional analysis with recent gender and politics scholarship. This combination will form an analytical framework that can be used to examine how different instances of institutional change are gendered, highlighting, for example, the importance of some key concepts such as informal institutions and their role in either promoting or stymieing attempts to promote institutional change. After exploring the gaps in many current gender and politics analyses such as their capacity to explain many instances of institutional change, the paper charts the development of key insights on institutional change from both historical institutionalism and feminist institutionalism. It delineates different forms of institutional change and develops some key themes for each one that might enable us to better understand, not only how each is gendered, but also how far each form might be used by change actors as a gender equity strategy.

STEM Fields and Ethnic Women in New Zealand

2016 ◽  
pp. 181-207
Author(s):  
Charles Mpofu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Mathematics

A critical race theory was used to analyse policies and strategies in place to enable the participation of New Zealand ethnic women of Latin-American, Middle Eastern, and African (MELAA) origin in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields (STEM) in education and industry. The aim was to find out what policy – and other – levers are available for better participation in the STEM fields by the ethnic women's population. The process involved an analysis of publicly available official documents on STEM strategies at national and regional levels. The main findings were that gender issues are expressed in a generic way, either across all ethnic groups, or across the four ethnic groups where the MELAA stands not clearly identifiable in the classifications. Recommendations include the need to develop policies and strategies that account for race and gender equity as part of an agenda to eliminate marginalization of this group.

Sifarish, Sycophants, Power and Collectivism: Administrative Culture in Pakistan

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir Islam
Keyword(s):  
Power Distance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Administrative Roles ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Administrative Culture ◽  
High Propensity ◽  
And Gender

This article analyses some of the major attributes of Pakistan’s contemporary administrative culture. The article uses Hofstede’s famous four dimensional model of national cultures as an analytical framework. Hofstede’s fourfold typology – power distance, individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity/femininity – is used as a point of departure for a more elaborate description and analysis of the traditions, values and norms that characterize Pakistan’s governing system. The author uses secondary data from official documents, newspapers, magazines and scholarly literature to support Hofstede’s initial findings. A brief account of the colonial antecedents and post-colonial evolution of the administrative institutions is given to provide the context in which the system operates. The main conclusion is that Pakistan’s relatively high collectivist orientation, high propensity toward uncertainty avoidance, high power distance and masculinity largely account for many traditions and practices including strict adherence to hierarchy, centralization, corruption, nepotism and gender differentiation in administrative roles.

scholarly journals Gender Digital Divide and Education in Latin America: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 804
Author(s):  
Ana Ancheta-Arrabal ◽  
Cristina Pulido-Montes ◽  
Víctor Carvajal-Mardones
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Digital Divide ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Equity In Education ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
And Gender

Gender equity in education is one of the main targets for social justice and sustainable development. This literature review, from a gender approach, was conducted to understand how the gender digital divide (GDD) in information and communication technologies (ICT) and education are related in Latin American countries. A total of 28 articles have been analyzed as a satisfactory sample of the scientific literature to examine how this relation is explored and its influence, to acknowledge political stakeholders, as well as provide information and proposals to address the digital gender divide in education research in this region. The results show the need to develop research from the pedagogical and gender perspectives in Latin America, since they are not represented within an obvious problem.

scholarly journals WOMEN FACULTY AND SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTIVITY IN LATIN AMERICAN CONTEXT: EVIDENCE FROM CHILE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldy Sepúlveda-Páez ◽  
◽  
Carmen Araneda-Guirriman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
National Level ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Senior Research ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The 19Th Century

Since the 19th century, the position of women in the context of higher education has undergone multiple changes, although their incorporation has not been a simple or homogeneous task. Currently, women face new consequential challenges of a globalized world and the notion of market education that characterizes institutions nowadays. One of the great challenges is related to the under-representation of women in senior research positions (Aiston and Fo, 2020). In this context, new standards have been established to measure the productivity, quality, and effectiveness of teachers, specifically scientific productivity has been internalized as an indicator of professional progress, the type of publication, its impact, and the citation rates today. They have special relevance, where many times achieving high scientific productivity is very complex for academics who do not access the teaching staff early (Webber and Rogers, 2018). Furthermore, it is very difficult for academic women to maintain high levels of productivity constantly both at work and home (Lipton, 2020). In this sense, the principles that encourage academic productivity increase competition among teachers and reinforce gender inequalitiestogether with a valuation of male professional life (Martínez, 2017). Indeed, the participation of women in sending articles is much lower than their male counterparts (Lerback and Hanson, 2017). Therefore, the present study aims to visualize the participation of Chilean academics in current productivity indices, based on the description of secondary data obtained from the DataCiencia and Scival platforms. The sample consists of 427 people, of which 17.3% were women, with an average of 10 publications for the year 2019. To achieve the objectives, the following strategy was developed: 1) describe and interpret the secondary data obtained during the year 2019 on each of the platforms. 2) Compare the data obtained to national averages and type of institution and gender. Based on the analyzes, the implications of female participation in the number of women observed at the national level and their position in international indicators and new lines of research are discussed.

STEM Fields and Ethnic Women in New Zealand

2019 ◽  
pp. 789-815
Author(s):  
Charles Mpofu
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Stem Fields ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Mathematics

A critical race theory was used to analyse policies and strategies in place to enable the participation of New Zealand ethnic women of Latin-American, Middle Eastern, and African (MELAA) origin in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields (STEM) in education and industry. The aim was to find out what policy – and other – levers are available for better participation in the STEM fields by the ethnic women's population. The process involved an analysis of publicly available official documents on STEM strategies at national and regional levels. The main findings were that gender issues are expressed in a generic way, either across all ethnic groups, or across the four ethnic groups where the MELAA stands not clearly identifiable in the classifications. Recommendations include the need to develop policies and strategies that account for race and gender equity as part of an agenda to eliminate marginalization of this group.

Feminist and Gender Research in Sport and Leisure Management: Understanding the Social–Cultural Nexus of Gender–Power Relations

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara Carmichael Aitchison
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Sport Management ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
National Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Power ◽  
Gender Power ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
And Gender

This article aims toward developing a critical theory that can further advance feminist research in sport management. I seek to offer a critical analysis of gender relations in sport and leisure management by developing a theoretical critique of gender (in)equity that integrates both social theory and cultural analyses. The original empirical data was gathered in a national study ofGender Equity in Leisure Managementconducted by the author in 1998/99 and secondary data was drawn from comparative studies undertaken in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the U.S. (Aitchison, Brackenridge, & Jordan, 1999; Henderson & Bialeschki, 1993, 1995; Mckay, 1996; Shinew & Arnold, 1998). The research cited demonstrates that women’s experience of sport and leisure management is shaped by both structural and cultural factors. My findings highlight the need for new epistemological perspectives as much as new methodological approaches and techniques. This new perspective acknowledges the complexities of gender–power relations in the workplace and recognizes the interconnectedness and mutually informing nature of structural and cultural power, thus opening the way for more sophisticated analyses and understandings of gender equity in sport and leisure management.

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