scholarly journals Are ‘Behaviour Change’ Approaches to Obesity and Health Effective? A case Study from Samoa

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 549-555
Author(s):  
Viali Lameko ◽  
Penelope Schoeffel
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Obesogenic Environment ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Public Health Strategies

‘Behaviour Change’ approaches in public health strategies have been used in Pacific Island countries to address the problem of dietary and lifestyle changes that are believed to be the cause of rising rates of obesity and associated NCDS. We consider the limitations of this approach in the context of Samoa’s socioeconomic situation and public health policy and propose that an ‘obesogenic’ environment and structural factors are causational and require policy measures that go beyond the scope of responsibilities of the Samoa Ministry of Health 

scholarly journals Expert opinion regarding the prevalence, health risks, obesogenic environment determinants and public health strategies on obesity. What are we still doing wrong?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pop Anca ◽  
Tatiana Onisei ◽  
Valentin Varlas ◽  
Bogdana A. Nasui
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Obesogenic Environment ◽  
Health Objectives ◽  
Public Health Strategies

The overweight and obesity, as well as their related noncommunicable diseases are preventable through lifestyle changes targeted in public health actions - but unfortunately with little or no success until now. In the present work we analysed the most important actual studies in the field - in order to provide and recommend updated strategies to target efficiently the public health objectives. We identified four main topics of high importance in the current approach towards obesity: (1) the increasing prevalence and multiple health consequences (2) current public health (PH) strategies for risk factor reduction and obesity prevention (3) the influence of the obesogenic environment on individual behavior (4) recent data on weight loss and weight loss maintenance programs. A new approach is needed towards the (1) causative factors; (2) public health measures addressed precise to the remarkable regional differences in obesity prevalence and trends drives from the ethio-patogenic factors and PH recommendations – most of them related to nutrition patterns and food quality – all together with lifestyle and environment measures.

scholarly journals Sharing Overdose Data across State Agencies to Inform Public Health Strategies: A Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Cherico-Hsii ◽  
Andrea Bankoski ◽  
Pooja Singal ◽  
Isabelle Horon ◽  
Eric Beane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Public Health Strategies

scholarly journals Diabetes in India: Measuring the dynamics of a public health catastrophe

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 077-084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranav Patnaik ◽  
Kamlesh Jain ◽  
P. Chandra ◽  
Jaya Pathak ◽  
K. Raman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDiabetes has emerged as a major concern in the Indian health-care setting but has been underrecognized as a significant challenge in the context of public health policy due to the necessity to handle acute health conditions. Trends obtained from national and regional surveys over time strongly point to the increasing diabetes burden. In addition, people with undiagnosed and prediabetes can aggravate the burden in the near future. Long-term concerns arise from the rapid transformations such as urbanization, rural–urban migration, and lifestyle changes happening across different populations of India. Attempts at creating a rational diabetes prevention and management policy are severely hindered by a lack of comprehensive, standardized data on diabetes prevalence, and trends in the evolution of the epidemic. The impact of diabetes is multifaceted, ranging from the clinical impact of higher secondary complications to personal, psychosocial, and financial effects on the individual which create a cycle of negative outcomes. Given the chronic nature of diabetes, the impact is likely to remain as a self-perpetuating burden on the health-care system. The magnitude, spread, and impact of the diabetes epidemic are substantial, and it has transitioned to being a pandemic with potentially catastrophic implications for the Indian Public Health System. It is therefore essential to create public health policy specific to diabetes care that is effective in reducing the multidimensional impact of diabetes catastrophe and prevent further multiplication of this pandemic.

scholarly journals O artigo 64.º da Constituição da República Portuguesa: saúde

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Crisóstomo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
National Health Service ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Constitutional Review ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Free Healthcare

Article 64 of the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, on Health, has been the object of several amendments over the last 30 years. The timing, sequence and content of these changes are described and analysed in relation to key public health policy measures, taking into account their legal and constitutional implications, the historical-institutional context and its relationship with external factors. The changes proposed during the most recent constitutional review process, in 2010, which was not concluded or implemented, are also described and examined. Finally, the paper discusses the implementation of the three main principles governing the National Health Service: universality, generality, and the tendency towards free healthcare.

scholarly journals A framework to guide policymakers on the use of science to inform public health policy and law: Immunisation as a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alexander Sebastian Pishief
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Policy Issue ◽  
Policy Option ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Science And Values ◽  
Third Stage

<p>This thesis examines the incorporation of science into public health policy/law. The key problem that the thesis tackles is the blurring of science and values arguments in the creation of policy/law. To overcome this problem, a decision-making framework is proposed that draws a distinction between arguments based on science and those based on values. The framework suggests categorising science as information obtained by adherence to the scientific method. Values, then, are those legally protected rights, freedoms and principles that do not follow scientific methodology. Examples include public health as a community value, informed consent, freedom of choice, and religious beliefs. The idea is that the acquisition of scientific knowledge through the scientific process provides the platform from which debate about values can begin. It is acknowledged that scientific methodology does not entail an absence of values, and the reality may be the separation is more of a continuum than two distinct groups. The shorthand labels (values and science) are used for functional purposes to describe the stages of the proposed framework. There are three stages to the framework. The first stage acts as a gatekeeper, preventing non-scientific components being confused with science. The second stage addresses values, particularly rights and freedoms protected by law. The third stage looks at whether a health policy option (which could involve new law) that restricts existing rights protected by law can nevertheless be justified. Examples relating to the immunisation of children are used to help describe how the framework could work when applied to a real-world public health policy issue.</p>

scholarly journals The effects of heterogeneity and stochastic variability of behaviours on the intrinsic dynamics of epidemics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Berestycki ◽  
Benoit Desjardins ◽  
Bruno Heintz ◽  
Jean-Marc Oury
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Sir Model ◽  
Natural Variability ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
New Model ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Thau Lagoon

We report here on a campaign of weekly measurements of concentration of SARS-Cov-2 in wastewater in several treatment plants around the Thau lagoon in the Southwest of France over a nine month period of time. The use of Digital PCR yielded very precise measurements. The observations thus generated exhibit a rough stabilization on plateaus of the epidemic and other remarkable features. Such plateaus are widely reported in the setting of the Covid-19 pandemics. In this paper we raise the question of why such plateaus and other features of epidemics dynamics arise. Indeed, the classical SIR model and its extensions hardly provide an explanation for such behavior. To address this question we introduce here a new model, which takes into account heterogeneity and natural variability of behaviors in populations. Owing to this model, we show that features such as plateaus, rebounds, and shoulders are part of the intrinsic dynamics of an epidemic. In particular, in the context of the Thau lagoon, we argue that they are not generated by public health policy measures or psychological reactions of the population. We then show that this model fits very well the measures obtained around the Thau lagoon.

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