scholarly journals Life outside of the home: Interrogating men's understanding of their roles in Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Synoda Sokhan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Men I

<p>This study aims to investigate some men's understanding of their roles, especially in their life outside of the home. It also investigates the life experiences of some men who have alternative views from the majority of men in Cambodia's patriarchal society.  This study's research design used mixed methods. A questionnaire with 60 men generated quantitative data. In addition, six focus groups and six case studies were used to generate qualitative data. Both rural and urban areas were selected for this study, including Phnom Penh city and the province of Siem Reap, which is the poorest province in Cambodia.  The findings focus on men's perspectives of being a good man/husband, and their domestic roles. My analysis draws attention to the characteristics of participants and their ideas concerning decision making in families. Importantly, these findings show that certain activities outside of the home, particularly the use of alcohol, is commonplace for many men. I describe the life experiences of men with alternative views from the dominant Cambodian views men hold regarding their ideas of being a man. I point out men's concerns for their children's behaviour and their opinions concerning the next generation. The two groups of men in the study, “dominant view men” and “alternative view men” have a shared understanding of their roles and of what it means to be a good man despite their differences. The problem is that men who hold the dominant views do not seem to perform well in their daily lives, while alternative view men tend to apply their understanding of their roles to their everyday life and have greater success.  A noticeable finding of the study is that of alcohol abuse. It is a very common activity to drink to excess and this can lead to many problems in families. Most of the respondents drank heavily and regularly. However, the men who held alternative views regarding their roles as men spent less time drinking alcohol than the dominant view men. Many problems which were present among dominant view men were caused by drinking, including arguments and domestic violence. The life experiences of alternative view men seem to show that family stereotypes and background are important in moulding men's behaviour. Furthermore, beliefs, commitment to marriage and religion have positive effects on men's behaviour. A significant point in this study is that life skills can have a great impact on men's behavioural change.  The findings showed that decision making in the families was affected by the views men held. Although there is still some imbalance of gender roles in decision making, this finding presents a positive result of women being encouraged to make decisions in their families. This shows the effects of a gender mainstreaming education program changing social and cultural values.  These findings can contribute to strategies in existing men's projects in Cambodia which aim to bring about behavioural changes in men. In turn, these will better support gender equality. It is hoped that the results will be introduced and inform NGO projects in Cambodia and contribute to men‟s understanding of their roles. Men need to understand that they have a role to play in women's empowerment, livelihood projects and educational programs. This thesis is an important canvassing of society in a time of immense change and hopes to add to the improvement of gender equality in Cambodia.</p>

scholarly journals Life outside of the home: Interrogating men's understanding of their roles in Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Synoda Sokhan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Men I

<p>This study aims to investigate some men's understanding of their roles, especially in their life outside of the home. It also investigates the life experiences of some men who have alternative views from the majority of men in Cambodia's patriarchal society.  This study's research design used mixed methods. A questionnaire with 60 men generated quantitative data. In addition, six focus groups and six case studies were used to generate qualitative data. Both rural and urban areas were selected for this study, including Phnom Penh city and the province of Siem Reap, which is the poorest province in Cambodia.  The findings focus on men's perspectives of being a good man/husband, and their domestic roles. My analysis draws attention to the characteristics of participants and their ideas concerning decision making in families. Importantly, these findings show that certain activities outside of the home, particularly the use of alcohol, is commonplace for many men. I describe the life experiences of men with alternative views from the dominant Cambodian views men hold regarding their ideas of being a man. I point out men's concerns for their children's behaviour and their opinions concerning the next generation. The two groups of men in the study, “dominant view men” and “alternative view men” have a shared understanding of their roles and of what it means to be a good man despite their differences. The problem is that men who hold the dominant views do not seem to perform well in their daily lives, while alternative view men tend to apply their understanding of their roles to their everyday life and have greater success.  A noticeable finding of the study is that of alcohol abuse. It is a very common activity to drink to excess and this can lead to many problems in families. Most of the respondents drank heavily and regularly. However, the men who held alternative views regarding their roles as men spent less time drinking alcohol than the dominant view men. Many problems which were present among dominant view men were caused by drinking, including arguments and domestic violence. The life experiences of alternative view men seem to show that family stereotypes and background are important in moulding men's behaviour. Furthermore, beliefs, commitment to marriage and religion have positive effects on men's behaviour. A significant point in this study is that life skills can have a great impact on men's behavioural change.  The findings showed that decision making in the families was affected by the views men held. Although there is still some imbalance of gender roles in decision making, this finding presents a positive result of women being encouraged to make decisions in their families. This shows the effects of a gender mainstreaming education program changing social and cultural values.  These findings can contribute to strategies in existing men's projects in Cambodia which aim to bring about behavioural changes in men. In turn, these will better support gender equality. It is hoped that the results will be introduced and inform NGO projects in Cambodia and contribute to men‟s understanding of their roles. Men need to understand that they have a role to play in women's empowerment, livelihood projects and educational programs. This thesis is an important canvassing of society in a time of immense change and hopes to add to the improvement of gender equality in Cambodia.</p>

scholarly journals ISU GENDER DI INDONESIA DALAM RESPON NAHDHATUL ULAMA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Akhiriyati Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
And Gender

This paper will examine the Nahdhatul Ulama's response to gender issues in Indonesia. In general, Nahdhatul Ulama's response to gender in this case is represented by the discourse of women's acceptance in the NU body is relatively good. This is seen from some important decisions issued by PBNU. Empowerment and gender mainstreaming within the structural framework of the Nahdhatul Ulama organization are seen in significant decisions for gender equality, including decision making after the 1997 Munas decision, how NU accepts women as president

scholarly journals Portrait of The Minangkabau Culture According to Hofstede’s Six Cultural Dimensions

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Rini Sovia Firdaus ◽  
Djuara P.Lubis ◽  
Djoko Susanto ◽  
Endriatmo Soetarto
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Inheritance ◽  
Family Unit ◽  
Parental Characteristics ◽  
Core Value ◽  
Simple Summation

<p>ABSTRACT<br />The shifting local cultural values often become a discourse in discussing the effects of globalization influx. But in Minangkabau these concerns can still be ruled out, thanks to the power of ‘study to nature’ philosophy. This is a custom rule that should not be changed. This study raises the popularity of the Hofstede’s concept and uses the six cultural dimensions to map out the differences in parental characteristics based on rural versus semi-urban areas, family typology and life experiences. It also analyzes the response of adolescents towards culture inheritance based on their birthplace. This quantitative study uses a simple summation operation with 106 sample respondents. Each respondent is a family unit consisting of a father, a mother, and adolescent(s) aged 10-19 years. The low score of LTO indicates that the inheritance of Minangkabau cultural values has been going on for some time by parents to their teenagers. Low UAI and IVR scores do not conflict with Minangkabau cultural tenet, although according to Hofstede this condition needs a revamping. Supposedly the value of matrilineal culture is taught by a Minang mother and her brother. However, anomalies were found in non-Minang father and Minang mother (nMF+MM) due to the absence of the mother’s brother in educating his nephew.<br />Keywords: Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions, core value, cultural inheritance</p><p><br />ABSTRAK<br />Peristiwa pergeseran nilai budaya lokal sering menjadi wacana dalam membahas akibat dari masuknya pengaruh globalisasi. Namun di Minangkabau kekuatiran ini masih bisa dikesampingkan berkat kekuatan dari penerapan filosofi berguru pada alam. Ini merupakan aturan adat yang tidak boleh berubah. Penelitian ini mengangkat kembali kepopuleran konsep Hofstede dan menggunakan keenam dimensi budayanya untuk memetakan perbedaan karakteristik orang tua berdasarkan daerah tempat tinggal, tipologi keluarga dan pengalaman. Penelitian juga menganalisis respon remaja terhadap pewarisan budaya berdasarkan tempat lahirnya. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan operasi penjumlahan sederhana dengan 106 sampel responden. Masing-masing responden merupakan satu unit keluarga yang terdiri dari ayah, ibu, dan remaja berusia 10-19 tahun. Ukuran LTO yang rendah merupakan indikator telah berjalannya upaya pewarisan nilai budaya Minangkabau selama beberapa saat oleh orang tua kepada anak remajanya. Namun skor UAI dan IVR yang rendah tidak bertentangan dengan ajaran budaya Minangkabau, meskipun menurut Hofstede kondisi ini memerlukan pembenahan. Seharusnya nilai budaya matrilineal diajarkan oleh seorang ibu Minang dan saudara laki-lakinya. Namun ditemukan anomali pada keluarga ayah non-Minang dan ibu Minang (AnM+IM) karena terjadi kevakuman peran dari saudara laki-laki ibu dalam mendidik keponakannya.<br />Kata kunci: keenam dimensi budaya Hofstede, nilai inti, pewarisan budaya</p>

scholarly journals Practical and Theoretical Limitations of Inclusion of Gender Mainstreaming Strategy in Development Activities of Agencies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Aliu Monday
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Documentary Method ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Expected Outcome ◽  
Political Structures

Abstract The paper examines some practical and theoretical constraints accompanying the inclusion of gender mainstreaming as a gendered strategy of equality in development by agencies. The paper employs the documentary method of research with reliance on the secondary sources of data collection. The thrust of the paper is that as a transformative strategy, gender mainstreaming transcends focus on women concerns only and embraces women and men equality matters. The incorporation of the concerns and experiences of both women and men into policy-making, planning and decision-making of organisations and governments as envisaged with the gender mainstreaming strategy holds the potential for huge success for development and society. Yet, the paper argues that the implementation of gender mainstreaming by agencies largely seems to lack proper coordination due to conceptual, institutional, operational, and political problems, making it difficult for the strategy to achieve the expected outcome. The paper recommends that reaching a consensus on the concept of mainstreaming and its approaches among stakeholders and a radical reorganisation of the institutional and political structures of organisations are central to achieving the gender equality goal of mainstreaming.

scholarly journals ISU GENDER DI INDONESIA DALAM RESPON NAHDHATUL ULAMA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Akhiriyati Sundari
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
And Gender

This paper will examine the Nahdhatul Ulama's response to gender issues in Indonesia. In general, Nahdhatul Ulama's response to gender in this case is represented by the discourse of women's acceptance in the NU body is relatively good. This is seen from some important decisions issued by PBNU. Empowerment and gender mainstreaming within the structural framework of the Nahdhatul Ulama organization are seen in significant decisions for gender equality, including decision making after the 1997 Munas decision, how NU accepts women as president

scholarly journals Gender Equality in Turkish Higher Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Fatma Cobanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Turkish Higher Education ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
And Gender

The moulds of masculinity and femininity determined by society are not only determinants of the way in which individuals behave in society, but also determinants of the production and distribution of the resources. The steady development of societies can be achieved when men and women have the equal power with equal opportunities and resources to shape their own lives and to contribute to their families, societies and countries. The internationally recognized indicators of aforesaid gender mainstreaming are the areas of Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment. In Turkey, even though the legal basis of equality of women and men in these areas have been strengthened through legislative regulations enforced, the need to overcome the obstacles women face when participating to social life as complete and equal individuals and taking all precautions for this is still ongoing. In this study, gender equality in the Turkish higher education system was examined. For this purpose, the schooling rates in higher education, employment rates and participation rates in decision making mechanisms in management of women were examined in the light of gender equality indicators. In this study, which was conducted by document reviewing among qualitative research methods, official websites and documents of international organizations and Turkish official institutions were examined in order to access reliable documents related to Turkish Higher Education and gender equality variables. The survey concluded that while the schooling rates in the Turkish higher education and employment rates of women are high, the proportion of female academicians decreased as the academic degrees increased and that the horizontal disintegration patterns between the scientific areas are more visible on the basis of sub-branches. Furthermore, it has been found out that women are not adequately represented in decision-making mechanisms, even though they provide the necessary conditions.

Outsourcing and Local Public Administration: Water and Sanitation Services Delivery and Women Participation in Urban Areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalsoom BeBe ◽  
Wang Bing
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
And Gender

Women in developing countries are the majority of those who access and use water and sanitation services but women’s low participation at decision making level in outsourcing and limited representation of women in services departments of local public administration aremajor obstruction to include women’s interests. The purpose of this paper is to analyze perceptions of women citizensand local officialsregarding water and sanitation services delivery situation, women responsive requirements and gender equality at decision making level in outsourcing. In order to conduct an empirical research, this paper has used multifactor structured questionnaire and for this purpose population of public sector local officials including women and women citizens are taken to ascertain the rationale of the study field.Women are most dissatisfied with the services, women responsive requirements and gender equality at decision making level while preparing the outsourcing requirements of services delivery but local officials hold more positive feelings. This study also finds that there is inadequate representation of women in the front line of basic public services organizations such as water and sanitation. It is important for public organizations to include women and women should get involvement in outsourcing requirements to improve water and sanitation services. 

scholarly journals THE PRINCIPLE OF GENDER EQUALITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: DIMENSIONS AND THEIR CONTENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Kh. Rionidze
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Eu

The topicality of this issue is related to the fact that the EU is founded on a set of values, including equality. Nowadays the attitude towards women in the society is significantly different from that of men. Unfortunately, inequality does not decline over time. The basic idea of gender equality is to provide both women and men with the same rights, opportunities and conditions for full-fledged development. The article is devoted to the dimensions of the principle of gender equality in the European Union, which is important for Ukraine due to the conditions of European integration. The dimensions of gender equality cover the political, economic, civil, social and cultural spheres of our live activity, including achieving gender equality in employment, equal pay for equal work, gender balance in decision making, harmonization of professional and family life, education and «gender mainstreaming». That is why research and analysis of gender equality's dimensions in the EU and defining the legal aspects of their regulation are relevant to the legal system of Ukraine. Over the past few decades, the EU has notably worked for equal treatment legislation, gender mainstreaming and specific measures for the advancement of women. Moreover, the EU has defined the following dimensions of gender equality: equal economic independence for women and men; equal pay for work of equal value; equality in decision-making; dignity, integrity and ending gender-based violence; and promoting gender equality beyond the EU. The dimension of gender equality is a strategy for making women's as well as men's concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and social spheres, so that women and men benefit equally and the inequality is not perpetuated. Although the EU has achieved positive results in protecting human rights, the work is still continuing in this direction. The idea of gender equality is an integral part of equality as a general principle, development and peace in the world. Without this principle, it is impossible to establish the basis for democracy, freedom, justice and tolerance. Recently, the principle of gender equality is getting paramount importance for Ukraine, as one of the conditions for successful European integration.

scholarly journals A Model of Education and Struggle of Social Status of Rural Women in Practical Politics at Bali Province

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Jampel ◽  
I Wayan Lasmawan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Political Education ◽  
The Political ◽  
Practical Politics

The targets of this study were: find out a model of the political education for rural women in the province of Bali based on the wisdom of local cultural values. For the first year (2012), the product of this study consisted of: the constellation of practical politics of Bali woman profile, the draft of a model-based political education gender equality, gender mainstreaming draft models for Bali women in the political, scientific articles published in accredited journals. Overall the research data was analyzed using descriptive qualitative analysis techniques and statistical analysis to test the effectiveness of political education model for rural women in Bali. Based on the overall research process, it gained some critical issues related to gender mainstreaming in politics at the indigenous Bali as a conclusion of this study, namely: 1) the pattern of communication and daily activity of customary village communities, the role of women’s political participation tends to be low Bali. It is mostly contributed by the application of patriarchal ideology, an ideology of kinship that put men as central ownership of the rights and obligations of the public at the level of everyday life, so that the position and status of women are subordinated. (2) The status and role of women in politics so marginalized activity, except in some aspects that still exist within the family environment, as can be seen in a symbolic meaning for the name pungkusan each nuclear family. (3) Climate and communication patterns of family life, customary village and administrative village, school does not support the process of political education for indigenous Balinese women to achieve improvement. (4) Customary village as the as the highest symbolism level of the indigenous Balinese, structurally, yet real activity in relation to the political education of the girls. (5) The process of the formation of Indonesian civil society, in conjunction with the purpose and characteristics of the indigenous Balinese customary village turned out to be quite relevant in creating a climate of gender equality

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