scholarly journals Portrait of The Minangkabau Culture According to Hofstede’s Six Cultural Dimensions

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Rini Sovia Firdaus ◽  
Djuara P.Lubis ◽  
Djoko Susanto ◽  
Endriatmo Soetarto
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Inheritance ◽  
Family Unit ◽  
Parental Characteristics ◽  
Core Value ◽  
Simple Summation

<p>ABSTRACT<br />The shifting local cultural values often become a discourse in discussing the effects of globalization influx. But in Minangkabau these concerns can still be ruled out, thanks to the power of ‘study to nature’ philosophy. This is a custom rule that should not be changed. This study raises the popularity of the Hofstede’s concept and uses the six cultural dimensions to map out the differences in parental characteristics based on rural versus semi-urban areas, family typology and life experiences. It also analyzes the response of adolescents towards culture inheritance based on their birthplace. This quantitative study uses a simple summation operation with 106 sample respondents. Each respondent is a family unit consisting of a father, a mother, and adolescent(s) aged 10-19 years. The low score of LTO indicates that the inheritance of Minangkabau cultural values has been going on for some time by parents to their teenagers. Low UAI and IVR scores do not conflict with Minangkabau cultural tenet, although according to Hofstede this condition needs a revamping. Supposedly the value of matrilineal culture is taught by a Minang mother and her brother. However, anomalies were found in non-Minang father and Minang mother (nMF+MM) due to the absence of the mother’s brother in educating his nephew.<br />Keywords: Hofstede’s six cultural dimensions, core value, cultural inheritance</p><p><br />ABSTRAK<br />Peristiwa pergeseran nilai budaya lokal sering menjadi wacana dalam membahas akibat dari masuknya pengaruh globalisasi. Namun di Minangkabau kekuatiran ini masih bisa dikesampingkan berkat kekuatan dari penerapan filosofi berguru pada alam. Ini merupakan aturan adat yang tidak boleh berubah. Penelitian ini mengangkat kembali kepopuleran konsep Hofstede dan menggunakan keenam dimensi budayanya untuk memetakan perbedaan karakteristik orang tua berdasarkan daerah tempat tinggal, tipologi keluarga dan pengalaman. Penelitian juga menganalisis respon remaja terhadap pewarisan budaya berdasarkan tempat lahirnya. Penelitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan operasi penjumlahan sederhana dengan 106 sampel responden. Masing-masing responden merupakan satu unit keluarga yang terdiri dari ayah, ibu, dan remaja berusia 10-19 tahun. Ukuran LTO yang rendah merupakan indikator telah berjalannya upaya pewarisan nilai budaya Minangkabau selama beberapa saat oleh orang tua kepada anak remajanya. Namun skor UAI dan IVR yang rendah tidak bertentangan dengan ajaran budaya Minangkabau, meskipun menurut Hofstede kondisi ini memerlukan pembenahan. Seharusnya nilai budaya matrilineal diajarkan oleh seorang ibu Minang dan saudara laki-lakinya. Namun ditemukan anomali pada keluarga ayah non-Minang dan ibu Minang (AnM+IM) karena terjadi kevakuman peran dari saudara laki-laki ibu dalam mendidik keponakannya.<br />Kata kunci: keenam dimensi budaya Hofstede, nilai inti, pewarisan budaya</p>

scholarly journals Life outside of the home: Interrogating men's understanding of their roles in Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Synoda Sokhan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Men I

<p>This study aims to investigate some men's understanding of their roles, especially in their life outside of the home. It also investigates the life experiences of some men who have alternative views from the majority of men in Cambodia's patriarchal society.  This study's research design used mixed methods. A questionnaire with 60 men generated quantitative data. In addition, six focus groups and six case studies were used to generate qualitative data. Both rural and urban areas were selected for this study, including Phnom Penh city and the province of Siem Reap, which is the poorest province in Cambodia.  The findings focus on men's perspectives of being a good man/husband, and their domestic roles. My analysis draws attention to the characteristics of participants and their ideas concerning decision making in families. Importantly, these findings show that certain activities outside of the home, particularly the use of alcohol, is commonplace for many men. I describe the life experiences of men with alternative views from the dominant Cambodian views men hold regarding their ideas of being a man. I point out men's concerns for their children's behaviour and their opinions concerning the next generation. The two groups of men in the study, “dominant view men” and “alternative view men” have a shared understanding of their roles and of what it means to be a good man despite their differences. The problem is that men who hold the dominant views do not seem to perform well in their daily lives, while alternative view men tend to apply their understanding of their roles to their everyday life and have greater success.  A noticeable finding of the study is that of alcohol abuse. It is a very common activity to drink to excess and this can lead to many problems in families. Most of the respondents drank heavily and regularly. However, the men who held alternative views regarding their roles as men spent less time drinking alcohol than the dominant view men. Many problems which were present among dominant view men were caused by drinking, including arguments and domestic violence. The life experiences of alternative view men seem to show that family stereotypes and background are important in moulding men's behaviour. Furthermore, beliefs, commitment to marriage and religion have positive effects on men's behaviour. A significant point in this study is that life skills can have a great impact on men's behavioural change.  The findings showed that decision making in the families was affected by the views men held. Although there is still some imbalance of gender roles in decision making, this finding presents a positive result of women being encouraged to make decisions in their families. This shows the effects of a gender mainstreaming education program changing social and cultural values.  These findings can contribute to strategies in existing men's projects in Cambodia which aim to bring about behavioural changes in men. In turn, these will better support gender equality. It is hoped that the results will be introduced and inform NGO projects in Cambodia and contribute to men‟s understanding of their roles. Men need to understand that they have a role to play in women's empowerment, livelihood projects and educational programs. This thesis is an important canvassing of society in a time of immense change and hopes to add to the improvement of gender equality in Cambodia.</p>

scholarly journals Life outside of the home: Interrogating men's understanding of their roles in Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Synoda Sokhan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Men I

<p>This study aims to investigate some men's understanding of their roles, especially in their life outside of the home. It also investigates the life experiences of some men who have alternative views from the majority of men in Cambodia's patriarchal society.  This study's research design used mixed methods. A questionnaire with 60 men generated quantitative data. In addition, six focus groups and six case studies were used to generate qualitative data. Both rural and urban areas were selected for this study, including Phnom Penh city and the province of Siem Reap, which is the poorest province in Cambodia.  The findings focus on men's perspectives of being a good man/husband, and their domestic roles. My analysis draws attention to the characteristics of participants and their ideas concerning decision making in families. Importantly, these findings show that certain activities outside of the home, particularly the use of alcohol, is commonplace for many men. I describe the life experiences of men with alternative views from the dominant Cambodian views men hold regarding their ideas of being a man. I point out men's concerns for their children's behaviour and their opinions concerning the next generation. The two groups of men in the study, “dominant view men” and “alternative view men” have a shared understanding of their roles and of what it means to be a good man despite their differences. The problem is that men who hold the dominant views do not seem to perform well in their daily lives, while alternative view men tend to apply their understanding of their roles to their everyday life and have greater success.  A noticeable finding of the study is that of alcohol abuse. It is a very common activity to drink to excess and this can lead to many problems in families. Most of the respondents drank heavily and regularly. However, the men who held alternative views regarding their roles as men spent less time drinking alcohol than the dominant view men. Many problems which were present among dominant view men were caused by drinking, including arguments and domestic violence. The life experiences of alternative view men seem to show that family stereotypes and background are important in moulding men's behaviour. Furthermore, beliefs, commitment to marriage and religion have positive effects on men's behaviour. A significant point in this study is that life skills can have a great impact on men's behavioural change.  The findings showed that decision making in the families was affected by the views men held. Although there is still some imbalance of gender roles in decision making, this finding presents a positive result of women being encouraged to make decisions in their families. This shows the effects of a gender mainstreaming education program changing social and cultural values.  These findings can contribute to strategies in existing men's projects in Cambodia which aim to bring about behavioural changes in men. In turn, these will better support gender equality. It is hoped that the results will be introduced and inform NGO projects in Cambodia and contribute to men‟s understanding of their roles. Men need to understand that they have a role to play in women's empowerment, livelihood projects and educational programs. This thesis is an important canvassing of society in a time of immense change and hopes to add to the improvement of gender equality in Cambodia.</p>

Pengaruh Budaya Terhadap Akuntansi, Auditing Dan Praktik Akuntansi Internasional

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-95
Author(s):  
Priyastiwi Priyastiwi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
National Level ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Financial Disclosure ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this article is to provide the basic model of Hofstede and Grays’ cultural values that relates the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and Gray‘s accounting value. This article reviews some studies that prove the model and develop the research in the future. There are some evidences that link the Hofstede’s cultural values studies with the auditor’s judgment and decisions by developing a framework that categorizes the auditor’s judgments and decisions are most likely influenced by cross-cultural differences. The categories include risk assessment, risk decisions and ethical judgments. Understanding the impact of cultural factors on the practice of accounting and financial disclosure is important to achieve the harmonization of international accounting. Deep understanding about how the local values may affect the accounting practices and their impacts on the financial disclosure are important to ensure the international comparability of financial reporting. Gray’s framework (1988) expects how the culture may affect accounting practices at the national level. One area of the future studies will examine the impact of cultural dimensions to the values of accounting, auditing and decision making. Key word : Motivation, leadership style, job satisfaction, performance

PROBLEMS OF CLASSIFICATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE OBJECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
SVETLANA IVANOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Cultural Inheritance ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
Cultural Monuments

The purpose of the research work is to analyze the norms of Federal laws, as well as the laws of the Russian Federation's constituent entities, devoted to the definitions and classification of the concepts “cultural heritage”, “historical and cultural monuments”, “cultural values”. Conclusions obtained in the course of the research: based on the study of current legislation, it is concluded that the definitions of “cultural values”, “cultural property”, “objects of cultural inheritance” contained in various normative legal acts differ in content. Based on the research, the author proposes the concept of “cultural values”.

Cultural evolution and cultural psychology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Mesoudi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Cultural Inheritance ◽  
Human Psychology

Cultural evolution is a branch of the evolutionary sciences which assumes that (i) human cognition and behaviour is shaped not only by genetic inheritance, but also cultural inheritance (also known as social learning), and (ii) this cultural inheritance constitutes a Darwinian evolutionary system that can be analysed and studied using tools borrowed from evolutionary biology. In this chapter I explore the numerous compatibilities between the fields of cultural evolution and cultural psychology, and the potential mutual benefits from their closer alignment. First, understanding the evolutionary context within which human psychology emerged gives added significance to the findings of cultural psychologists, which reinforce the conclusion reached by cultural evolution scholars that humans inhabit a ‘cultural niche’ within which the major means of adaptation to difference environments is cultural, rather than genetic. Hence, we should not be surprised that human psychology shows substantial cross-cultural variation. Second, a focus on cultural transmission pathways, drawing on cultural evolution models and empirical research, can help to explain to the maintenance of, and potential changes in, cultural variation in psychological processes. Evidence from migrants, in particular, points to a mix of vertical, oblique and horizontal cultural transmission that can explain the differential stability of different cultural dimensions. Third, cultural evolutionary methods offer powerful means of testing historical (“macro-evolutionary”) hypotheses put forward by cultural psychologists for the origin of psychological differences. Explanations in terms of means of subsistence, rates of environmental change or pathogen prevalence can be tested using quantitative models and phylogenetic analyses that can be used to reconstruct cultural lineages. Evolutionary considerations also point to potential problems with current cross-country comparisons conducted within cultural psychology, such as the non-independence of data points due to shared cultural history. Finally, I argue that cultural psychology can play a central role in a synthetic evolutionary science of culture, providing valuable links between individual-oriented disciplines such as experimental psychology and neuroscience on the one hand, and society-oriented disciplines such as anthropology, history and sociology on the other, all within an evolutionary framework that provides links to the biological sciences.

scholarly journals The Cultural Factors in the MOOC Design in China from Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 13201325
Author(s):  
Xin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Course Design ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Hofstede’S Cultural Dimensions ◽  
High Power Distance ◽  
Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Features

With their massiveness and openness, Moocs have become one of the most widespread and influential online learning forms, which leads to the fact that more and more designers with different cultural backgrounds are getting involved in the course design. As a result, the Mooc design such as the styles of the organization and presentation may correspondingly be influenced by cultural values of the designers, and then become barriers for learners. In order to locate the cultural influence reflected in the Mooc design in China, the introductory videos of three courses published on Coursera, which are designed by three well-known universities in China, are sampled for analysis from the aspects of power distance, individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity within the framework of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. The findings indicate that the cultural features of the high-power distance, collectivism and femininity have shown their influence on the designing of these courses.

scholarly journals Individualism and collectivism in advertising – An overview

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
TAM PHAM
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
The World

Advertising is increasingly important in every corner of the world.  It has become an indispensable part for both producers and consumers in modern society to boost the production and consumption of the products. To succeed in advertising, one component advertisers cannot ignore is cultural values because they are one of the determinants of customers’ behavior. Of the cultural dimensions, individualism and collectivism are considered the most important one. This study, therefore, sets the light on an overview of how individualism and collectivism is manifested in advertising in term of advertising themes, advertising creative tactics and linguistic advertising features in empirical studies. It then specifies what have and has not been done on the topic alike so that anyone interested in the field will find the gaps for their future research.

scholarly journals Romania – Dimensions of Regional Cultural Specificity

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Angelica Nicoleta Neculăesei
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Inheritance ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
Ethical Approaches ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Intercultural Research ◽  
Cultural Positioning

Abstract An increasing importance is given to intercultural research in management. The cultural “inheritance” of individuals is of interest to us from a double perspective: a) to avoid problems that can arise from ignoring their value profile, b) for valuing it by positive “exploitation”. Cultural positioning is achieved by comparisons made according to certain criteria (cultural dimensions). They are known in the literature and for ethical approaches they emphasize cultural similarities and differences. Although they largely reflect the values of culture, they can not cover issues that come from the known sphere for the ones who propose them. Based on this idea, in this study we have adapted cultural dimensions to the Romanian cultural specificity elements, based on a comprehensive inventory of values, developed following a diachronic exploratory analysis. Furthermore, we have proposed two new dimensions that reflect regional specificities.

scholarly journals Reconciling Csikszentmihalyi’s Broader Flow Theory: With Meaning and Value in Digital Games

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hamon Salisbury ◽  
Penda Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Software Design ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Flow Theory ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
A Value ◽  
Differential Perception ◽  
Mechanistic View

Flow, the concept developed by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi over the last forty years or so (see Csikszentmihalyi 1975) has been invoked quite often with respect to the way players engage with digital games (e.g. Baron 2012; Cowley et al. 2008; Sweetser and Wyeth 2005; Brathwaite & Schreiber, 2009; Fullerton, Swain, & Hoffman, 2008; Schell, 2008). However, Kubey & Csikszentmihalyi (2002) have argued that ‘video games’ are in fact likely to promote undesirable experiences of a kind Csikszentmihalyi refers to as ‘entropy’ or unstructured and unsatisfying life experiences. This paper explores Csikszentmihalyi’s greater thesis and examines how a broader reading of Flow theory can potentially help us understand Flow like engagements beyond the simple mechanistic view of challenge explicitly introduce personally expressed cultural values into the conditions of Flow. By doing so we can then provide a value centric analysis and design approach, similar to that of Cockton’s (2004; 2012) proposal, to include values in general software design. That is, the very nature of challenges and rewards needs to be considered in order to investigate how overcoming or receiving such challenges would be positively or negatively perceived by individuals, from particular cultures, holding particular values. Thus we hope that we have dealt with the apparent contradiction in using Csikszentmihalyi’s concept in the study of games despite his criticism of such a move, and have provided some indication of how we can deal with unspecified rewards and the differential perception and engagement with potentially equivalent challenges while still supporting the accepted thesis of Flow.

scholarly journals CULTURAL AND CIVILIZATIONAL INTERACTIONS IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD: HOFSTEDE’S CULTURAL DIMENSIONS THEORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
T. V. Danylovа ◽  
◽  
V.A. Budegay
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Common Information ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Cultural Renewal ◽  
Hofstede’S Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Intercultural Interactions

An essential feature of the contemporary globalized world is the emergence and active development of a network of interactions between the representatives of the different cultural and civilizational communities that was not typical during the previous historical epochs. Under these conditions, there is a process of restructuring of every culture, every civilization system. If earlier the processes of civilizational and cultural renewal had lasted for centuries and millennia, today they have been taking place over years and decades. Nowadays, there is a conglomeration of cultural-civilizational communities that are different in history, traditions, languages, and religions. They develop, interact and mutually influence each other through cultural and civilizational dialogue. These relatively independent societies have to coexist within common information space, in which intercultural and intercivilizational communication is an important factor in regulating both internal life and relations between countries. G. Hofstede made a great contribution to the development of cultural dimensions theory. The works of G. Hofstede gave rise to an influential research tradition in the field of intercultural interactions. They are actively used by the researchers and consultants in the field of international business and communication. They continue to be a major resource in intercultural research and inspire the study of both cultural values and other aspects of culture. The article aims to highlight Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory. The author used an anthropological integrative approach, comparative analysis and interpretive research paradigm.

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