scholarly journals Out of place: Rewriting a landscape signature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alison Leonora Baker

<p>South Wairarapa, in New Zealand’s lower North Island presents an interesting collision; the landscapes forms and features evidence distinct separation between traditional landscape values and recent European economic developments – a separation evident in most New Zealand regions. Combined with its low urban socio-economic outlook and the utilisation of unsustainable farming practices, the region is in decline both ecologically and socially. Near irreversible damage has been done to the landscape. Engineered floodplain manipulation, land clearing, and intensive individualistic farming has resulted in continuing land degradation, flooding, droughts, severe waterway contamination, pollution, and habitat destruction.  Utilising a design led approach in a three-scale investigation with focus assumed on the Ruamahanga River catchment, this thesis investigation explores how designed intervention with regards to the Wairarapa waterway systems can promote a re-emergence of place and placement in Wairarapa to reflect an integrated relationship with the processes of one’s landscape. It discusses how this interaction could be landscape transformative, re-introduce the prosperities of historic Wairarapa, promote sustainable farming practices, and recover declining ecologies. The investigation also discusses the wider New Zealand issue of rural waterway acknowledgement, and its relationship to place, culture, and identity discourse.  This study has been ethically approved. Approval number 22990.</p>

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alison Leonora Baker

<p>South Wairarapa, in New Zealand’s lower North Island presents an interesting collision; the landscapes forms and features evidence distinct separation between traditional landscape values and recent European economic developments – a separation evident in most New Zealand regions. Combined with its low urban socio-economic outlook and the utilisation of unsustainable farming practices, the region is in decline both ecologically and socially. Near irreversible damage has been done to the landscape. Engineered floodplain manipulation, land clearing, and intensive individualistic farming has resulted in continuing land degradation, flooding, droughts, severe waterway contamination, pollution, and habitat destruction.  Utilising a design led approach in a three-scale investigation with focus assumed on the Ruamahanga River catchment, this thesis investigation explores how designed intervention with regards to the Wairarapa waterway systems can promote a re-emergence of place and placement in Wairarapa to reflect an integrated relationship with the processes of one’s landscape. It discusses how this interaction could be landscape transformative, re-introduce the prosperities of historic Wairarapa, promote sustainable farming practices, and recover declining ecologies. The investigation also discusses the wider New Zealand issue of rural waterway acknowledgement, and its relationship to place, culture, and identity discourse.  This study has been ethically approved. Approval number 22990.</p>


Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino

Land degradation, especially soil erosion, is a societal issue that affects vineyards worldwide, but there are no current investigations that inform specifically about soil erosion rates in Chinese vineyards. In this review, we analyze this problem and the need to avoid irreversible damage to soil and their use from a regional point of view. Information about soil erosion in vineyards has often failed to reach farmers, and we can affirm that to this time, soil erosion in Chinese vineyards has been more of a scientific hypothesis than an agronomic or environmental concern. Two hypotheses can be presented to justify this review: (i) there are no official and scientific investigations on vineyard soil erosion in China as the main topic, and it may be understood that stakeholders do not care about this or (ii) there is a significant lack of information and motivation among farmers, policymakers and wineries concerning the consequences of soil erosion. Therefore, this review proposes a plan to study vineyard soil erosion processes for the first time in China and develop a structured scientific proposal considering different techniques and strategies. To achieve these goals, we present a plan considering previous research on other viticultural regions. We hypothesize that the results of a project from a regional geographic point of view would provide the necessary scientific support to facilitate deriving guidelines for sustainable vineyard development in China. We concluded that after completing this review, we cannot affirm why vine plantations have not received the same attention as other crops or land uses.


2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1392-1400
Author(s):  
Pavel B. Mikheev ◽  
Matt G. Jarvis ◽  
Christoph D. Matthaei ◽  
Travis Ingram ◽  
Andrey I. Nikiforov ◽  
...  

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J. Arbuckle ◽  
Alexander D. Huryn ◽  
Steven A. Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony van der Ent ◽  
Tanguy Jaffré ◽  
Laurent L'Huillier ◽  
Neil Gibson ◽  
Roger D. Reeves

In the Australia–Pacific Region ultramafic outcrops are both widespread and extensive, covering thousands of km2. Soils derived from ultramafic bedrock impose edaphic challenges and are widely known to host highly distinctive floras with high levels of endemism. In the Australia–Pacific Region, the ultramafics of the island of New Caledonia are famed for harbouring 2150 species of vascular plants of which 83% are endemic. Although the ultramafic outcrops in Western Australia are also extensive and harbour 1355 taxa, only 14 species are known to be endemic or have distributions centred on ultramafics. The ultramafic outcrops in New Zealand and Tasmania are small and relatively species-poor. The ultramafic outcrops in Queensland are much larger and host 553 species of which 18 (or possibly 21) species are endemic. Although New Caledonia has a high concentration of Ni hyperaccumulator species (65), only one species from Western Australia and two species from Queensland have so far been found. No Ni hyperaccumulator species are known from Tasmania and New Zealand. Habitat destruction due to forest clearing, uncontrolled fires and nickel mining in New Caledonia impacts on the plant species restricted to ultramafic soils there. In comparison with the nearby floras of New Guinea and South-east Asia, the flora of the Australia–Pacific Region is relatively well studied through the collection of a large number of herbarium specimens. However, there is a need for studies on the evolution of plant lineages on ultramafic soils especially regarding their distinctive morphological characteristics and in relation to hyperaccumulation.


2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. E. Atkinson

Although New Zealand's native fauna shares a Gondwana origin with that of Australia, there are major differences between our countries. The near-absence of land mammals and the restricted biodiversity and habitat range of New Zealand, contrast with the species-rich fauna and habitat variety of Australia. Both countries share an unenviable extinction record, particularly birds in New Zealand and mammals in Australia. Introduced mammals, often interacting with habitat destruction, have frequently been responsible for these losses in New Zealand. In some places, entire vertebrate foraging guilds have disappeared. On the mainland, control of introduced mammals has had limited success but a steadily increasing number of islands have been cleared of alien mammals. This has created new opportunities for translocating threatened species of native vertebrates and invertebrates to pest-free islands. It has also created options for substituting an ecologically similar species for one that is extinct, thus potentially achieving a more comprehensive restoration. Recent progress with island restoration has stimulated a "mainland island" strategy involving simultaneous intensive control of several pest mammals within a limited area that is then used to re-establish viable populations of threatened species. Examples are given to illustrate these conservation actions.


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