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Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Mingzhi Zhang ◽  
Zhaocheng Li ◽  
Xinpei Wang ◽  
Jiajia Li ◽  
Hongyu Liu ◽  
...  

Accessibility to transportation is a crucial factor for economic growth. Transportation land, defined as the land used to support transportation infrastructure, such as city and inter-city rail, ports, and air travel, is a critical element for constructing transportation facilities and has attracted increasing attention from researchers and policy makers. Transportation land transfer (TLT) is defined as the act by which the state transfers transportation land-use rights to a land user (collective or individual) within a certain period of time as the land owner (all land in China is owned by the state). The land user pays a land-use right transfer fee to the state. This article first reveals the multidimensional effect between TLT and economic growth based on data from China’s 30 provinces for 2007–2019. The study found the following. (1) A continuous increase in the availability of transportation land is vital to ensure sustainable economic growth, and the construction of transportation land between adjacent areas has positive spatial spillover effects. (2) These positive effects work through three mechanisms, i.e., increased employment, industrial interactions, and improvements in economic operational efficiency, with a time lag. (3) The positive effects of TLT on economic growth have significant heterogeneous moderating effects on the differences in the economic development stage, the level of industrial structure, and urbanization rate. The study expands the front-end to back-end analysis of land use, provides a reference for countries and regions at different stages of development to promote economic growth using transportation land construction, and presents beneficial insights for governments to efficiently avoid the mismatch of transportation land resources.


Author(s):  
Felix Przesdzink ◽  
Laura Mae Herzog ◽  
Florian Fiebelkorn

AbstractMany nature conservation projects fail primarily not because of a lack of knowledge about upcoming threats or viable conservation concepts but rather because of the inability to transfer knowledge into the creation of effective measures. Therefore, an increase in information exchange and collaboration between theory- and practice-oriented conservation actors, as well as between conservation actors, land user groups, and authorities may enhance the effectiveness of conservation goals. By considering the interactions between conservation stakeholders as social networks, social network analysis (SNA) can help identify structural optimization potential in these networks. The present study combines SNA and stakeholder analysis (SA) to assess the interactions between 34 conservation stakeholders in the major city and district of Osnabrück in northwestern Germany and offers insights into cost/benefit optimizations of these stakeholder interactions. Data were acquired using a pile sort technique and guideline-based expert interviews. The SA, based on knowledge mapping and SWOT (strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis, identified individual stakeholder’s complementary properties, indicating which among them would most benefit from mutual information exchange and collaboration. The SNA revealed discrepancies in information exchange and collaboration between theory- and practice-focused stakeholders. Conflicts were found predominantly between conservation associations, authorities and land user groups. Ecological research, funding, land-use conflicts, and distribution of conservation knowledge were identified as fields with high potential for increased information exchange and collaboration. Interviews also showed that the stakeholders themselves see many opportunities for increased networking in the region. The results are discussed in relation to the existing literature on nature conservation networks and used to recommend optimization measures for the studied network. Finally, the conclusion reflects upon the developed approach’s implications and possibilities for conservation stakeholders and planners in general.


Jurnalku ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
I Gusti Bagus Semarajata ◽  
Puji Wibowo

Annual dues (UWT) are mandatory deposit paid by land user to government institution who authorities the specific zone that is Batam Indonesia Free Zone Authority (BP Batam). UWT is based by developing Batam specific zone where is one of free trade zone in Indonesia. The purpose of research UWT is to find out the contribution of revenue target in BP Batam, collection mechanism, and accounting treatment procedures. As earmarked revenue theory, the UWT receipt creates the optimal of public service with specific in one object. The method of research is literature review, data observation, and interview. The result of research shows, the realization of UWT in last 2 years is almost twice from the target planned, so that it effects to shopping fulfillment for public service which is more optimal. More about of accounting treatment, BP Batam still not fully implemented PSAP 13 in recognition and measurement. It has an impact to presentation of financial statement with dual reporting. PSAP 13 is only implemented on presentation financial statement which is consolidated in financial statement of central government (LKPP)     Uang Wajib Tahunan (UWT) merupakan setoran yang wajib dibayar oleh pemohon pengelola lahan kepada suatu badan hukum pemerintah yang mengelolaa kawasan khusus yaitu Badan Pengusahaan Batam (BP Batam). Adanya UWT didasari oleh pengembangan kawasan khusus Batam yang telah menjadi kawasan perdagangan bebas. Tujuan penelitian terhadap UWT adalah mengetahui besarnya kontribusi terhadap target pendapatan BP Batam, mekanisme pemungutannya, dan tata cara perlakuan akuntansinya. Berdasarkan teori earmarked revenue, penerimaan dari hasil UWT mewujudkan dalam rangka pengoptimalan pelayanan publik secara spesifik dalam satu objek badan. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah metode studi pustaka, observasi data, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, realisasi UWT dalam 2 tahun terakhir mengalami realisasi mencapai hampir 2 kali lipat dari target yang direncanakan, sehingga hal tersebut berdampak pada pemenuhan belanja untuk pelayanan publik yang lebih optimal. Lebih lanjut mengenai perlakuan akuntansinya, BP Batam masih belum sepenuhnya menerapkan PSAP 13 secara penuh dalam pengakuan dan pengukuran. Hal tersebut berdampak dengan timbulnya penyajian laporan keuangan secara berganda. PSAP 13 hanya diimplementasikan dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan yang dikonsolidasi dengan Laporan Keuangan Pemerintah Pusat (LKPP)


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin Callaghan ◽  
Matthew Bigl ◽  
Brandon Booker ◽  
Kyle Elliott ◽  
Paulina Lintsai ◽  
...  

The U.S. Army is the largest Department of Defense (DoD) land user in Alaska, including remote areas only accessible by air, water, or wintertime ice roads. Understanding where energy resources and related infrastructure exist on and adjacent to DoD installations and training lands can help in-form Army decision-makers, especially in remote locations like Alaska. The Energy Atlas–Alaska provides a value-added resource to support decision-making for investments in infrastructure and diligent energy management, helping Army installations become more resilient and sustainable. The Energy Atlas–Alaska utilizes spatial information and provides a consistent GIS (geographic information system) framework to access and examine energy and related resource data such as energy resource potential, energy corridors, and environmental information. The database can be made accessible to DoD and its partners through an ArcGIS-based user interface that provides effective visualization and functionality to support analysis and to inform DoD decision-makers. The Energy Atlas–Alaska helps DoD account for energy in contingency planning, acquisition, and life-cycle requirements and ensures facilities can maintain operations in the face of disruption.


2021 ◽  
pp. 70-94
Author(s):  
Nadiia BONDARENKO-ZELINSKA ◽  
Maryna BORYSLAVSKA ◽  
Oksana TRACH

The article explores certain problems of law enforcement practice in recognizing inheritance as escheat. The subject of scientific analysis is the subject composition of these procedural relations. Applicants in this category of cases can be conditionally divided into two groups: 1) persons obliged to submit an application to the court for recognition of the inheritance as escheat, and 2) persons who have the right to do so. The persons who are obliged to apply to the court for recognition of the inheritance as escheat are territorial communities. On the basis of an analysis of the legislation, it was established that in the case where a united territorial community was formed in a certain territory, it is authorized to apply to the court for recognition of the inheritance as escheat. On behalf of the local self-government body as a representative of the territorial community (united territorial community), a lawsuit may be initiated to recognize the inheritance as escheat: 1)by its headman or 2) another person authorized to do so according to the law, statute, regulation, employment contract. That is, there can be both self-representation and representation on the basis of a special assignment. It received additional justification for the ability of the prosecutor’s office to submit an application for recognition of the inheritance as escheat in the absence of a territorial community. In such a case, the public prosecutor's office shall represent the legitimate interests of the State in court, in accordance with article 56 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, as a body or person entitled to defend the rights, freedoms and interests of others (human rights defender). The possibility of participating not only as an applicant but also as a human rights defender is justified. The possibility of self-representation of local self-governments in cases of recognition of inheritance as escheat by a headman is proposed. It is further argued that such a possibility should be provided for in the Headman’s Regulations, which are approved by the relevant local councils. The peculiarities of initiation of production by subjects for whom the application to the court for recognition of the inheritance as escheat is a right, not an obligation (creditors of the testator, owners and/or users of adjacent land plots) are analyzed. If an applicant in cases of recognition of the inheritance as escheat is a creditor, documents confirming the existing obligations in relation to the debtor-testator should be attached to the application. Recommendations are made on a list of documents that can confirm the status of an applicant-related land user to apply to the court for recognition of the inheritance as escheat. It is proposed to amend Art. 335 CPC of Ukraine on the necessity to provide the originals of written evidence together with a statement on the recognition of the inheritance as escheat. The role of a notary in cases of recognition of inheritance as escheat has been investigated. It is proposed to provide in the legislation the right of a notary to submit to the court an application for recognition of the inheritance as escheat. It is proposed to improve the way of informing the public about the discovery of an inheritance that has no heirs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
M. M. Yahya ◽  
M. M. Ahmed

Crop farmers and cattle herders' conflict have remained the most prevailing resource-use conflict in Girei Local Government Area of Adamawa State. Social and economic factors confined to inflame violent conflicts. The competition between these two Agricultural land user-groups threats the means of survival in the study area. The study describes the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers and herders and determines the causes of conflict in the study area. Primary data collected using structured questionnaire were subjected to simple percentages and chi-square analysis. The study revealed that the major causes of conflict in the study area are the crop damage by cattle, and lawlessness in the society. The findings also revealed that loss of expected yield, loss of cattle and loss of human lives and properties are the major effects of conflict. The study also concludes that the conflicts sometimes spread and lead to ethnic clashes and armed robbery. Therefore, it is in the interest of the state to address the genuine needs of herders and crop farmers since these two provides employment for almost all the rural people. In order to put an end to this conflict, it is therefore recommended that strange faces identified should be reported and leaders should preach the implications of conflict in the society.   Le conflit entre les agriculteurs et les éleveurs de bétail pose un grand problème qui est le plus répandu dans la région du gouvernement local de Girei, dans l'État d'Adamawa. Les facteurs sociaux et économiques servent à enflammer des conflits violents. La concurrence entre ces deux groupes d'usagers des terres agricoles menace les moyens de survie dans la zone d'étude. L'étude décrit les caractéristiques socio-économiques des agriculteurs et des éleveurs et détermine les causes des conflits dans la zone d'étude. Les données primaires collectées à l'aide d'un questionnaire structuré ont été soumises à des pourcentages simples et à une analyse du chi carré. L'étude a révélé que les principales causes de conflit dans la zone d'étude sont les dommages causés aux cultures par le bétail et l'anarchie dans la société. Les résultats ont également révélé que la perte de rendement, la perte de bétail et lacperte de vies humaines et de propriétés sont les principaux effets du conflit. L'étude conclutcégalement que les conflits se propagent parfois et conduisent à des affrontements ethniquescet des vols à main armée. Il est donc dans l'intérêt de l'État de répondre aux besoins réels descéleveurs et des agriculteurs, car ces deux moyens fournissent des emplois à presque tous lescruraux. Afin de mettre un terme à ce conflit, il est donc recommandé de signaler les visagescétranges identifiés et les dirigeants devraient sensibiliser aux implications des conflits danscla société.


2020 ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Marina Evgenievna Kadomtseva ◽  
Vasiliy Voldemarovich Neufeld

Agricultural risk insurance, carried out on the basis of state support, is one of the mechanisms for creating the prerequisites for the financial stability of economic entities. However, there are also negative effects caused by this system: irrational changes in land use strategies in the direction of excessive use of mineral fertilizers, monocultures growing, etc. As an example, the experience of the United States is shown, where the growth of crop insurance subsidies leads to the adoption of production decisions that harm the environment. The article provides an analysis and comparison of the amount of applied mineral and organic fertilizers on the insured and uninsured sown (planting) areas of agricultural crops in the context of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It is substantiated that under the conditions of Russian reality in the near future, such an effect will not be significantly manifested in the process of implementing insurance activities in agriculture in view of the existing institutional features of the development of this system.


Author(s):  
M. A. Hossain ◽  
M. N. Amin ◽  
J. Sultana ◽  
M. N. A. Siddique

Sustainable land management (SLM) is an effective climate adaptation technique in the present world. Bangladesh is listed in long-term Climate Risk Index 2019 due to its unicorn geographic features (e.g. low-lying riparian lands, big rivers, dense population and coastal settings). The livelihoods of Bangladesh are directly or indirectly linked to agricultural practices and or agribusiness. Many studies revealed that climate change-induced natural calamities (e.g. rainfall and temperature variability, sea level rise, flood, cyclone, drought, groundwater depletion, salt intrusion) unfavorably effect on agricultural production and livelihood activities and these are making critical food insecurity situation. Thus, identification and implementation of SLM practices to maintain food security of the bursting population are a prerequisite in Bangladesh. In this study, we have compiled the prospective SLM practices based on land management objective, land user requirements, crop and land suitability by reviewing peer-reviewed articles and grey literature. The potential SLM identified includes land resource conservation, erosion control, tillage technology, soil fertility management, vegetation management, efficient groundwater use, salinity-drought adaptations, land zoning and site-specific climate-smart agriculture. Among these SLM practices, the cultivation of suitable crop based on land quality and resource availability requires knowledge of decision support components involving the stakeholders for meaningful implementation of SLM. We proposed conceptual decision support components (e.g. land user, land quality, crop suitability, site-specific management, capital and governance) that would be the basis for the development and implementation of SLM towards land users and or farmers. The motivation of farmers through efficient extension activity and agri-governance for optimized land management can lead to minimizing the climate-induced vulnerability in agriculture. We concluded that the identified SLM practices, if implemented by adequate decision supports, SLM will help to achieve agricultural production as required by the sustainable Millennium Development Goals in Bangladesh.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2121
Author(s):  
Rosiberto Salustiano Silva Junior ◽  
Bruno César Teixeira Cardoso ◽  
Hugo Cainã Ferreira Monteiro ◽  
Ewerton Hallan de Lima Silva

Sendo as diferentes atividades econômicas fortemente influenciadas pela condição do tempo, faz-se necessário antever com dias de antecedência a situação meteorológica favorável ou não para o cotidiano da sociedade. E os modelos atmosféricos são ferramentas amplamente utilizados para avaliar o estado futuro da atmosfera, neste contexto, avaliar a precisão das previsões realizadas por estas ferramentas, tem sido cada fez mais recorrente. Neste trabalho foi utilizado o modelo atmosférico WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) para realizar previsões diárias com duração de 72h, durante o período de 10 a 19 de julho de 2017 para a cidade de Maceió/AL. Para validar as previsões foram utilizados os dados observados da estação meteorológica automática do INMET (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia). Para este estudo também foi proposto a atualização da topografia e uso do solo da área de estudo em questão, que gerou melhorias nas comparações realizadas para todas as variáveis analisadas, em destaque a previsão da variável pressão atmosférica, quando atualizada a topografia houve sensíveis melhorias nos indicadores estatísticos em comparação aos demais testes que não contaram com mesma atualização. Além disso, as análises estatísticas e os gráficos apresentados comprovam que o modelo previu melhor para 24h do que para 48h e nesta sequência melhor que 72h, ou seja, existiu a depreciação das previsões com o aumento da duração das previsões. Study of the Efficiency of the Short-Term Numerical Forecast for the City of Maceió / Al, Using the WRF ModelA B S T R A C TThe different economic activities are strongly influenced by the condition of the weather, it is necessary to forecast with days in advance the meteorological situation favorable or not for the daily life of the society. The atmospheric models are tools widely used to assess the future state of the atmosphere, in this context, assess the accuracy of the forecasts made by these tools, has been each made more recurrent. In this work the atmospheric model WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) was used to make daily forecasts with a duration of 72h during the period from July 10 to 19, 2017 for the city of Maceió / AL, to validate the forecasts were used the observed data of the INMET (National Meteorological Institute) automatic weather station. For this study it was also proposed to update the topography and land user of the study area, which generated improvements in the comparisons made for all variables analyzed, in particular the prediction of the variable atmospheric pressure, when updated the topography there were sensible improvements in statistical indicators compared to the other tests that did not have the same update. In addition, the statistical analyzes and the graphs presented show that the model predicted better for 24h than for 48h and in this sequence better than 72h, that is, there was depreciation of the forecasts with the increase of the forecast duration.Keywords: Weather Forecast, Atmospheric Model, Topography, Land User.


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