Anopheles Mosquito Species in Betung Bedarah, Tebo Regency, Jambi Province

AbstrakMalaria adalah penyakit infeksi parasit yang disebabkan oleh protozoa obligat intraselular dari genus Plasmodium yang ditularkan nyamuk Anopheles. Bungus merupakan salah satu kecamatan dengan kasus malaria tinggi di Kota Padang, terdapat 69 kasus malaria pada tahun 2011. Pengendalian vektor malaria dibutuhkan pengetahuan mengenai spesies vector. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan spesies nyamuk tersangka vektor malaria. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari Oktober sampai November 2011. Nyamuk Anopheles di tangkap di dalam dan di luar ruangan menggunakan light trap dan umpan orang menggunakan aspirator. Penangkapan dilakukan pada malam hari pada jam 18.00 - 06.00 dan pagi hari pada jam 07.00 - 09.00. Semua nyamuk yang berhasil tertangkap diidentifikasi di bawah mikroskop. Bedasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan didapatkan nyamuk An.subpictus, An.sundaicus dan An.aconitus dengan persentase (49,5%), (29,4%) dan (14,7%). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa An.sundaicus, An.subpictus dan An.aconitus memiliki potensi yang besar dalam penularan penyakit malaria. Kata kunci: malaria, vektor malaria AbstractMalaria is a disease caused by intracellular obligate protozoa, genus of plasmodium which is a parasite is carried by Anopheles mosquito. Bungus subdistrict is one of the areas that has high case of malaria in Padang district of Sumatera Barat Province, there were 69 case of malaria. Determination of method of control requires an understanding on the species of mosquito which serves as the vector and its behavior. The objective of this study was to assess fauna and the activity of Anopheles spp as suspected malaria vector. This research had done on October to November 2011. The Anopheles mosquitoes were collected indoor and outdoor by using light trap and human landing collection in the evening starting from 6 p.m - 6 a.m, in the morning from 7 - 9 a.m. All the Moquitoes were brougt to the laboratory for identifications. The resut showed that An. subpictus (49.5%) An. sundaicus (29.4%) and A. aconitus (14.7%). were the suspected malaria vector that has important role in tranmission of malaria in this area.Keywords: malaria, malaria vektor

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Identifikasi Anopheles Spp. sebagai Tersangka Vektor Malaria di Kabupaten Purworejo Tahun 2015

Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan ◽

10.22435/mpk.v29i4.185 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Wening Widjajanti ◽

Revi Rosavika Kinansi

Keyword(s):

Malaria Vector ◽

Light Trap ◽

Peak Activity ◽

Light Traps ◽

Malaria Endemic Area ◽

Central Java ◽

Human Landing ◽

Anopheles Balabacensis ◽

Anopheles Barbirostris ◽

Anopheles Vagus

Abstract Purworejo District is a malaria endemic area in Central Java Province with Annual Parasite Incidence (API) value of 1.96 per 1,000 population. This figure is still above the Ministry of Health's Strategic Plan target for 2015 - 2019. Indigenous cases are still being reported in Purworejo District until 2017. Prevention of malaria transmission is carried out by controlling Anopheles spp. as a malaria vector. This study aims to identify the behavior and habitat where Anopheles spp. as a malaria vector suspect in Purworejo District. The method of catching mosquitoes is in the form of Human landing collection, animal bait, light traps which are carried out starting at 18.00 to 06.00 in the morning, resting in the morning both inside and outside the house. Data variables taken in the form of biting activity, the number of mosquitoes caught, and environmental conditions at the study site. The results of the study were: the species of Anopheles leucosphyrus , Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles vagus, Anopheles indefinitus, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles kochi, and Anopheles balabacensis. The peak activity of biting Anopheles spp. occur at 01.00 - 02.00 and 04.00 - 05.00 in the morning. Anopheles spp. most found in lagoon. Efforts to prevent mosquito bites are done using long-sleeved clothing or using repellents or household pesticides, avoiding doing activities outside the home at night and placing larva predators on lagoon. Abstrak Kabupaten Purworejo merupakan kabupaten endemis malaria di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dengan nilai Annual Parasite Incidence (API) mencapai 1,96 per 1.000 penduduk. Angka tersebut masih berada di atas target Rencana Strategis Kementerian Kesehatan Tahun 2015–2019. Kasus indigenous juga masih dilaporkan di Kabupaten Purworejo sampai dengan tahun 2017. Pencegahan penularan malaria dilakukan dengan pengendalian nyamuk Anopheles spp. sebagai vektor malaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku dan habitat tempat ditemukannya nyamuk Anopheles spp. sebagai tersangka vektor malaria di Kabupaten Purworejo. Metode penangkapan nyamuk berupa human landing collection, umpan hewan, dan light trap yang dilakukan mulai pukul 18.00 – 06.00 pagi, resting pagi hari baik di dalam maupun di luar rumah. Variabel data yang diambil berupa aktivitas menggigit, jumlah nyamuk yang tertangkap, dan kondisi lingkungan di lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian berupa : spesies Anopheles yang tertangkap adalah Anopheles leucosphyrus, Anopheles maculatus, Anopheles vagus, Anopheles indefinitus, Anopheles barbirostris, Anopheles kochi, dan Anopheles balabacensis. Puncak aktivitas menggigit Anopheles spp. terjadi pada pukul 01.00 – 02.00 dan 04.00 – 05.00 dini hari. Nyamuk Anopheles spp. paling banyak ditemukan pada lagun/goba. Upaya pencegahan gigitan nyamuk dilakukan dengan menggunakan pakaian lengan panjang atau menggunakan repellent atau pestisida rumah tangga, menghindari melakukan aktivitas di luar rumah pada malam hari, dan menempatkan predator larva pada lagun/goba.

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Informasi Terkini Anopheles barbirostris dan Potensi Penularan Malaria pada Beberapa Provinsi di Indonesia

Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan ◽

10.22435/mpk.v30i2.3240 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 119-134

Author(s):

Riyani Setiyaningsih ◽

Mega Tyas Prihatin ◽

Mujiyono Mujiyono ◽

Lasmiati B ◽

Marjiyanto Marjiyanto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malaria Transmission ◽

Light Trap ◽

Breeding Ground ◽

Central Kalimantan ◽

South Sulawesi ◽

Human Landing ◽

The Difference ◽

Papua Barat ◽

Anopheles Barbirostris ◽

Mosquito Behavior

Abstract Anopheles barbirostris (An. barbirostris) is a malaria vector in several provinces in Indonesia. Bionomics An. barbirostris vary from region to region. The difference between bionomic and mosquito behavior affects the potential of An. barbirostris as a vector of malaria. The latest information about An. barbirostris is needed to determine the potential for malaria transmission in several provinces in Indonesia. The aim of the research was to get the latest information on An. barbirostris and the potential for malaria transmission in several provinces in Indonesia. Mosquitoes catching was carried out in several provinces in Indonesia using the human landing collection method, catching around livestocks, animal bited traps, light traps and morning resting. Larvae surveys were conducted in a place that had the potential for breeding ground place for An. barbirostris. Analysis of the presence of Plasmodium in An. barbirostris was performed using PCR. The examination results showed that An. barbirostris positive Plasmodium in South Sulawesi and Central Kalimantan. An. barbirostris’s behavior tended to be found to suck blood outside the home and some had been known to suck blood from people indoors. Fluctuation and density of An.barbirostris in April and June varied in the Provinces of West Papua, Central Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, Bali, Spesial Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), DKI Jakarta, Riau, Jambi, and Riau Islands. In general, An. barbirostris were known to suck the blood of people and animals with different percentages in each province. The breeding ground for An. barbirostris were found in rice fields, ponds, ditchesm and rivers. The potential for malaria transmission to be transmitted by An. barbirostris can occur in the provinces of South Sulawesi and Central Kalimantan. Abstrak Anopheles barbirostris (An. barbirostris) merupakan salah satu vektor malaria di beberapa provinsi di Indonesia. Bionomik An. barbirostris berbeda-beda di setiap wilayah. Perbedaan bionomik dan perilaku nyamuk berpengaruh terhadap potensi An. barbirostris sebagai vektor malaria. Informasi terkini tentang An. barbirostris sangat diperlukan untuk mengetahui potensi penularan malaria di beberapa provinsi di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan informasi terkini An. barbirostris dan potensi penularan malaria di beberapa provinsi di Indonesia. Penangkapan nyamuk dilakukan di beberapa provinsi di Indonesia menggunakan metode human landing collection, penangkapan di sekitar ternak, animal bited trap, light trap, dan resting morning. Survei jentik dilakukan di tempat yang berpotensi sebagai tempat perkembangbiakan An. barbirostris. Analisis keberadaan Plasmodium pada An. barbirostris dilakukan dengan menggunakan PCR. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan bahwa An. barbirostris positif Plasmodium di Sulawesi Selatan dan Kalimantan Tengah. Perilaku An. barbirostris cenderung ditemukan menghisap darah di luar rumah dan sebagian diketahui menghisap darah orang di dalam rumah. Fluktuasi dan kepadatan An. barbirostris koleksi bulan April dan Juni berbeda-beda di Provinsi Papua Barat, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Utara, Sulawesi Selatan, Bali, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY), DKI Jakarta, Riau, Jambi, dan Kepulauan Riau. Secara umum An. barbirostris diketahui menghisap darah orang dan hewan dengan persentase yang berbeda-beda di setiap provinsi. Tempat perkembangbiakan An.barbirostris ditemukan di sawah, kolam, parit dan sungai. Potensi penularan malaria yang ditularkan An. barbirostris dapat terjadi di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan dan Kalimantan Tengah.

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KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS NYAMUK Anopheles DI SEMBILAN KABUPATEN (TAHAP PRE-ELIMINASI MALARIA) DI PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN

Vektora Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit ◽

10.22435/vk.v12i1.2621 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 41-52

Author(s):

Yahya Yahya ◽

Didit Haryanto ◽

Rahman Irpan Pahlevi ◽

Anif Budiyanto

Keyword(s):

Environmental Management ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Anopheles Mosquito ◽

Fish Ponds ◽

Habitat Types ◽

Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽

Breeding Habitats ◽

Irrigation Channels ◽

Anopheles Vagus

The province of South Sumatra is still one of the malaria endemic areas in Indonesia. The identification and mapping of malaria receptive areas have been conducted by the Provincial Health Office of South Sumatra to monitor the level of malaria receptivity in all districts/municipalities. This research was conducted in October to November 2018 in 9 districts with low malaria endemicity (Lubuklinggau City, Mura, Muratara, OKU, South OKU, East OKU, Muba, Muara Enim, and Lahat) and have not yet achieved malaria elimination. The purpose of this study was to obtain information about Anopheles mosquito species and the types of Anopheles larvae breeding habitats. Mosquito identification was carried out on adult female Anopheles mosquitoes that are captured in the vicinity of cattle pens and the results of breeding from the larval stage. The results showed that larvae and adult Anopheles were still found. Anopheles habitat types found include irrigation channels, paddy fields, paddy water flow, fish ponds, buffalo pools, swamps, and lakes. The species of Anopheles captured were Anopheles vagus, An. barbisrostris, An. tesselatus, An. subpictus, An. nigerrimus, An. kochi, An. umbrosus, An. barbumbrosus and An. maculatus. Anopheles mosquito surveillance activities must still be done regularly to prevent malaria transmission. Reactivating abandoned fish ponds and environmental management can be an alternative effort in controlling Anopheles. Abstrak Provinsi Sumatera Selatan masih termasuk salah satu wilayah endemis malaria di Indonesia. Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan telah melakukan identifikasi dan pemetaan daerah reseptif malaria untuk memantau tingkat reseptivitas malaria di kabupaten/kota. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada bulan Oktober hingga November 2018 di sembilan kabupaten yang belum mencapai eliminasi malaria dan termasuk dalam endemisitas rendah (Kota Lubuklinggau, Mura, Muratara, OKU, OKU Selatan, OKU Timur, Muba, Muara Enim dan Lahat). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai spesies nyamuk Anopheles serta jenis-jenis habitat perkembangbiakan larva Anopheles. Identifikasi dilakukan pada nyamuk Anopheles betina dewasa hasil penangkapan di sekitar kandang ternak serta hasil pembiakan dari stadium larva. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa masih ditemukan larva dan Anopheles dewasa. Jenis habitat Anopheles yang ditemukan meliputi parit, sawah, aliran air pinggir sawah, kolam ikan, kubangan kerbau, kobakan, rawa, serta danau. Spesies Anopheles yang tertangkap adalah Anopheles vagus, An. barbisrostris, An. tesselatus, An. subpictus, An. nigerrimus, An. kochi, An. umbrosus, An. barbumbrosus dan An. maculatus. Kegiatan pemantauan nyamuk Anopheles secara berkala setiap bulan tetap harus dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya penularan malaria. Mengaktifkan kembali kolam ikan yang tidak dimanfaatkan dan manajemen lingkungan dapat menjadi upaya alternatif dalam pengendalian Anopheles.

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Assessment of Mosquito Collection Methods for Dengue Surveillance

10.21203/rs.3.rs-101828/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Triwibowo Ambar Garjito ◽

Lulus Susanti ◽

Mujiyono Mujiyono ◽

Mega Tyas Prihatin ◽

Dwi Susilo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Mixed Data ◽

Adult Mosquito ◽

Published Data ◽

Field Samples ◽

Mosquito Collection ◽

Human Landing ◽

Collection Methods

Abstract BackgroundSeveral methods exist to collect and assess the abundance of dengue vector mosquitoes, i.e. morning adult collection using an aspirator, pupal collection, various ovitraps, whole night collection using human landing methods, and larval collection. This diversity of methods might be a source of variability and lack of statistical significance when trying to correlate mosquito density and risk of dengue outbreak. There is also a lack of published data regarding the effectiveness of these methods MethodsA mosquito survey was conducted in 39 locations corresponding to 15 dengue endemic provinces in Indonesia. The larval surveys were performed by collecting at least a single Aedes larva from each container, and then reared up until hatching. Three adult mosquito sampling methods were also used, including morning resting collection, human landing collection, animal baited trap. All field samples were tested for dengue. Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the collection methods against mosquito species and dengue incidence.ResultsA total of 44,675 mosquitoes were collected. The single larva method was the most efficient method. Out of a total of 89 dengue-positive pools, the most frequently encountered virus was DENV2, which made up half of the positive samples, followed by DENV3 and DENV1, respectively. FAMD showed that no correlation could be found between any methods and the presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. Moreover, no correlation could be found between either any methods or the incidence.ConclusionsThere was no concistency in the efficacy of a given method and the incidence of dengue in the human population. There was no correlation between any of the parameters considered, i.e. method, incidence of dengue, location and presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. This indicates that entomological factors are not reliable indicators.

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Assessment of mosquito collection methods for dengue surveillance

10.21203/rs.3.rs-100194/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Triwibowo Ambar Garjito ◽

Lulus Susanti ◽

Mujiyono Mujiyono ◽

Mega Tyas Prihatin ◽

Dwi Susilo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Mixed Data ◽

Adult Mosquito ◽

Published Data ◽

Field Samples ◽

Human Landing ◽

Dengue Control ◽

Collection Methods

Abstract Background Several methods exist to collect and assess the abundance of dengue vector mosquitoes, i.e. morning adult collection using an aspirator, pupal collection, various ovitraps, whole night collection using human landing methods, and larval collection. Several of these methods are officially implemented to monitor mosquito density and make decisions on treatments for dengue control. This monitoring is also constrained by the need to conduct this assessment on a “one point/one day” process. This diversity of methods might be a source of variability and lack of statistical significance. There is also a lack of published data regarding the effectiveness of these methods Methods A mosquito survey was conducted in 39 locations corresponding to 15 dengue endemic provinces in Indonesia. The larval surveys were performed by collecting at least one single Aedes larva from each container, and then reared up until hatching. Three adult mosquito sampling methods were also used, including morning resting collection, human landing collection, animal baited trap. All field samples were tested for dengue. Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the collection methods against mosquito species and dengue incidence. Results A total of 44,675 mosquitoes were collected. The single larva method was the most efficient method. Out of a total of 89 dengue-positive pools, the most frequently encountered virus was DENV2, which made up half of the positive samples, followed by DENV3 and DENV1, respectively. FAMD showed that no correlation could be found between any methods and the presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. Moreover, no correlation could be found between any methods and with the incidence. Conclusions There was no consistency in the efficacy of a given method and the incidence of dengue in the human population. There was no correlation between any of the parameters considered, i.e. method, incidence of dengue, location and presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes.

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DENSITY OF MOSQUITOES SPECIES AND EFFECT OF SOME CLIMATIC PARAMETER IN AMINU KANO TEACHING HOSPITAL, KANO, NIGERIA

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0402-153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 414-419

Author(s):

Abdulrazak Muhammad Idris ◽

A. Haruna ◽

A. M. Yayo ◽

Y. Mohammed ◽

H. U. Takalmawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Light Trap ◽

Periodic Variation ◽

Emerging Infections ◽

Climatic Parameters ◽

Climatic Parameter ◽

Control Programs ◽

Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽

The Relationship

In Nigeria mosquito-borne diseases particularly malaria and some emerging and re-emerging infections such as Zika, dengue fever, yellow fever, constitute a big threat to public health. However, there is a paucity of information on the species of mosquito in Kano City Northern Nigeria. Despite mosquitoes control programs that had taken place in this state and its environment, mosquitoes remain a problem in the state and there is little information on the relationship between mosquito species and the effect of some climatic parameters on the mosquitoes distribution in the study area. The mosquito species were collected using the CDC light trap method and climatic parameters such as temperature and relative humidity were recorded at every one hour of the experiments. A total of 26,652 mosquitoes were collected from January to July 2018. Out of the 26,652, 17444 (65.46%) were Culex and 9208 (34.54%) were Anopheles mosquitoes. Culex species were observed to have its peak at 10:00 - 11:00 pm (5435) while Anopheles mosquito species were observed to attain their first peak at 3:00 – 4:00 am (3416). High collections of mosquitoes were obtained at optimum temperature and relative humidity. This study provided information on the mosquito species diversity in respect to seasonal and periodic variation at AKTH and the effect of some climatic parameters.

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Assessment of Mosquito Collection Methods for Dengue Surveillance

10.21203/rs.3.rs-100194/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Triwibowo Ambar Garjito ◽

Lulus Susanti ◽

Mujiyono Mujiyono ◽

Mega Tyas Prihatin ◽

Dwi Susilo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Mixed Data ◽

Adult Mosquito ◽

Published Data ◽

Field Samples ◽

Mosquito Collection ◽

Human Landing ◽

Collection Methods

Abstract BackgroundSeveral methods exist to collect and assess the abundance of dengue vector mosquitoes, i.e. morning adult collection using an aspirator, pupal collection, various ovitraps, whole night collection using human landing methods, and larval collection. This diversity of methods might be a source of variability and lack of statistical significance when trying to correlate mosquito density and risk of dengue outbreak. There is also a lack of published data regarding the effectiveness of these methods MethodsA mosquito survey was conducted in 39 locations corresponding to 15 dengue endemic provinces in Indonesia. The larval surveys were performed by collecting at least a single Aedes larva from each container, and then reared up until hatching. Three adult mosquito sampling methods were also used, including morning resting collection, human landing collection, animal baited trap. All field samples were tested for dengue. Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the collection methods against mosquito species and dengue incidence.ResultsA total of 44,675 mosquitoes were collected. The single larva method was the most efficient method. Out of a total of 89 dengue-positive pools, the most frequently encountered virus was DENV2, which made up half of the positive samples, followed by DENV3 and DENV1, respectively. FAMD showed that no correlation could be found between any methods and the presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. Moreover, no correlation could be found between either any methods or the incidence.ConclusionsThere was no concistency in the efficacy of a given method and the incidence of dengue in the human population. There was no correlation between any of the parameters considered, i.e. method, incidence of dengue, location and presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. This indicates that entomological factors are not reliable indicators.

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Anopheline Diversity in Indonesia: An Evaluation of Animal-Baited Sampling Techniques

Journal of Medical Entomology ◽

10.1093/jme/tjab198 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joni Hendri ◽

Endang Puji Astuti ◽

Heni Prasetyowati ◽

Pandji Wibawa Dhewantara ◽

Upik Kesumawati Hadi

Keyword(s):

Diversity Index ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Abundant Species ◽

P Value ◽

Sampling Techniques ◽

Vector Surveillance ◽

Human Landing ◽

Animal Reservoirs ◽

Outdoor Resting ◽

Anopheles Vagus

Abstract Indonesia has rich Anopheline (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito species living in various types of ecosystems. The study was conducted to profile and compare Anopheles diversity, equitability, and dominance in various ecosystems using different animal-based sampling techniques. The present study analyzed a subset of data collected from a nation-wide vector and animal reservoirs survey in 2016. Analyses were restricted to three ecosystem types (forest, nonforest, and coastal areas) in Java and Sumatera Islands. A total of 5,477 Anopheles were collected by using animal-baited (n = 1,909) and animal-baited trap nets (n = 1,978), consisting of 23 Anopheline species. Overall, Anopheles vagus was the most abundant species, followed by An. subpictus and An. barbirostris. Among the three ecosystems, the forest had a higher diversity index (H′ = 1.98), but each ecosystem has its specific predominant species. Compared with the animal-baited method, the Anopheles abundance collected by animal-baited trap nets was two-fold higher. Ecosystem, elevation, and sampling methods were associated with the abundance of female Anopheles (P-value < 0.001). Our findings revealed that Anopheles were found in a different ecosystem, indicating the potential of malaria transmission. This suggests that improved malaria vector surveillance is essential in all types of ecosystem. Furthermore, the study suggested that animal-baited trap nets could be used as the standard method of outdoor resting sampling in Indonesia in addition to the traditional human landing collection approach.

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Assessment of Mosquito Collection Methods for Dengue Surveillance

10.21203/rs.3.rs-100194/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Triwibowo Ambar Garjito ◽

Lulus Susanti ◽

Mujiyono Mujiyono ◽

Mega Tyas Prihatin ◽

Dwi Susilo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Mosquito Species ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Mixed Data ◽

Adult Mosquito ◽

Published Data ◽

Field Samples ◽

Mosquito Collection ◽

Human Landing ◽

Collection Methods

Abstract BackgroundSeveral methods exist to collect and assess the abundance of dengue vector mosquitoes, i.e. morning adult collection using an aspirator, pupae collection, various ovitraps, whole night collection using human landing methods, and larvae collection. This diversity of methods might be a source of variability and lack of statistical significance when trying to correlate mosquito density and risk of dengue outbreak. There is also a lack of published data regarding the effectiveness of these methods MethodsA mosquito survey was conducted in 39 locations corresponding to 15 dengue endemic provinces in Indonesia. The larval surveys were performed by collecting at least a single Aedes larva from each container, and then reared up until hatching. Three adult mosquito sampling methods were also used: morning resting collection, human landing collection, animal baited trap. All field samples were tested for dengue. Factor Analysis of Mixed Data was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the collection methods against mosquito species and dengue incidence.ResultsA total of 44675 mosquitoes were collected. The single larva method was the most efficient method. Out of a total of 89 dengue-positive pools, the most frequently encountered virus was DENV2 which made up half of the positive samples, followed by DENV3 and DENV1, respectively. FAMD showed that no correlation could be found between any methods and the presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. Moreover, no correlation could be found either between any method and the incidence.ConclusionsThere was no concistency in the efficacy of a given method and the incidence of dengue in the human population. There was no correlation between any of the parameters considered, i.e. method, incidence of dengue, location and presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. This indicates that entomological factors are not reliable indicators.

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