scholarly journals Evaluation of Bacterial Infections in Bahraini Pediatric Patients From A Tertiary Care Hospital – A Prospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background & Objective: Children are prone to a plethora of infections. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of most common microorganisms isolated from the bacterial cultures infecting pediatric patients and their resistance to antibiotics in Bahrain. Methods: This prospective study included 1146 isolates collected from pediatric patients of Bahrain. Demographic details such as age, gender, and nationality were recorded for each of the patients. Samples were cultured using different nutrient media (MacConkey agar, Sheep blood agar etc.), and analysis was done using standard microbiological techniques and Vitex automated analyzer. Application of Kirby- Bauer procedure and Vitex aided in the assessment of antibiotic resistance of the isolates. Proportion test was used to calculate the study outcomes. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Streptococcus group A (52.98%) and E. coli (35.97%) were the two most common microorganisms observed in pediatric patients. A high prevalence of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), Campylobacter sp., and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were also observed (P<0.001). A majority of the organisms were identified from urine (27.66%) and throat cultures (25.22%). E-coli showed significant resistance towards trimethoprim /sulfamethoxazole (22.97%) and amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (20.19%). Susceptibility patterns of gentamicin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin showed significant association with the isolates. Odds of susceptibility of amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (2.89 times), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (2.29 times) was more for gram-positive isolates but for ciprofloxacin (2.08 times), which was more for gram-negative isolates. Conclusion: Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were unique among the pediatric patients of Bahrain. Keywords: Anti-bacterial Agents, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Escherichia coli, Child, Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

scholarly journals Novel Antibiotic Combinations of Diverse Subclasses for Effective Suppression of Extensively Drug-Resistant Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shumyila Nasir ◽  
Muhammad Sufyan Vohra ◽  
Danish Gul ◽  
Umm E Swaiba ◽  
Maira Aleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Combination Antibiotics ◽  
Time Kill

The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the chief etiological agent for a range of refractory infections, has rendered all β-lactams ineffective against it. The treatment process is further complicated with the development of resistance to glycopeptides, primary antibiotics for treatment of MRSA. Antibiotic combination therapy with existing antimicrobial agents may provide an immediate treatment option. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 18 different commercially available antibiotics were determined along with their 90 possible pairwise combinations and 64 triple combinations to filter out 5 best combinations. Time-Kill kinetics of these combinations were then analyzed to find collateral bactericidal combinations which were then tested on other randomly selected MRSA isolates. Among the top 5 combinations including levofloxacin-ceftazidime; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-tobramycin; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-cephradine; amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-ofloxacin; and piperacillin/tazobactam-tobramycin, three combinations were found to be collaterally effective. Levofloxacin-ceftazidime acted synergistically in 80% of the tested clinical MRSA isolates. First-line β-lactams of lower generations can be used effectively against MRSA infection when used in combination. Antibiotics other than glycopeptides may still work in combination.

scholarly journals Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogens in pus samples of orthopedic department at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-7
Author(s):  
Ashfaq Ahmed ◽  
Rizwan Akram ◽  
Saeed Ahmad ◽  
Atiq Uz Zaman ◽  
Naeem Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Multiple Pathogens ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

BACKGROUND Orthopedic infections are difficult to manage. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most dangerous and harmful bacteria and is difficult to eradicate because of its changing strains as well as sensitivity to different antibiotics. The main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pathogens, especially MRSA, associated with orthopedic wounds and their sensitivity to different antibiotics. METHODS A prospective study was conducted from September 2015 to August 2016. Pus samples of 1,350 patients who presented at the out-patient department or admitted with a wound infection after an orthopedic intervention were taken with the help of culture swab and were sent for culture and sensitivity according to hospital protocol. Data analyses were made using the SPSS software, version 17 (IBM). RESULTS Adults aged between 15 and 30 years were most affected, with 444 (32.9%) cases. Of the patients, 268 (19.9%) had negative cultures. Among the patients with positive cultures, the gram-positive cocci and gram-negative rods were 497 (36.8%) and 377 (27.9%), respectively. The most common pathogen was MRSA (240; 17.8%), followed by Escherichia coli and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus. CONCLUSIONS Multiple pathogens are involved in patients having an orthopedic surgical intervention. The high occurrence of MRSA and E. coli has an increasing economic burden on patients because of these pathogens high resistance to antibiotics. Thus, proper preventive measures should be done to decrease the occurrence of such infections as well as their associated morbidity.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 548-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Bhatt ◽  
BMS Karki ◽  
B Baral ◽  
S Gautam ◽  
A Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Drug Of Choice

Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureushas emerged as one of the most important nosocomial pathogens. It invokes a tremendous financial burden and enhanced morbidity and mortality due to difficult to treat systemic infections.Aim of this study was to determine antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Materials and Methods: Different clinical specimens were collected and processed for routine culture and antibiotic sensitivity test by standard microbiology techniques. Results: Out of 1173 samples received for microbiological examination, 100 were found to be S. aureus with 19% cases were Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Fourteen MRSA were found from inpatient and 5 were from outpatient. MRSA was found higher in female than male and maximum number (31.5%) was found in age group 0-10 years. Staphylococcus aureus was 100% sensitive to Vancomycin followed by Amikacin (90%), Gentamycin (83%), and tetracycline (81%). On urine isolates Nitrofurantoin(91.6%) was drug of choice. All the isolates were resistant to Penicillin G. In case of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus showed 100% sensitive to Vancomycin followed by Amikacin (84.2%), Tetracycline (63.1%), Ciprofloxacin (42%) and Gentamycin (36.8%). Among urine isolates Nitrofutantoin showed 87.5% sensitive followed by Norfloxacin (75%). Conclusion: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was found 19% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. It was most common in females, hospitalized patients and young age group. Vancomycin seems to be drug of choice followed by Amikacin. It would be helpful to formulating and monitoring the antibiotic policy and ensure proper empiric treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10297 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2014) Vol. 4, 548-551   

Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus–Infected Chronic Scalp Wound With Exposed Dura in a 10-Year-Old Boy: Vacuum-Assisted Closure Is a Feasible Option: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. E1481-E1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Subotic ◽  
Wolfram Kluwe ◽  
Valérie Oesch
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Bony Defect ◽  
Vacuum Assisted Closure ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vac Therapy ◽  
Mentally Disabled

Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Since the introduction of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) in 1997, it has been used successfully in treating difficult wounds, including spinal wounds and wounds in pediatric patients. There are no reports on VAC therapy in pediatric patients on the scalp, especially with exposed dura. This report describes a 10-year-old boy with a chronic wound of the scalp with exposed dura after multiple neurosurgical interventions who was treated successfully with VAC. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 10-year-old mentally disabled boy with Apert syndrome suffered from a chronic wound with community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection after multiple neurosurgeon operations. For wound closure, VAC therapy was initiated on the bony defect with exposed dura. The wound healed successfully, and the MRSA disappeared. CONCLUSION: The aims of VAC therapy are formation of new granulation tissue, wound cleansing, and bacterial clearance. In this case, the VAC device was excellent for temporary coverage of the defect and for wound cleaning, and it allowed a thick bed of granulation tissue to form over the dura, even with minimal constant negative pressure. The application and management were feasible even in a mentally disabled child. With this experience, we are encouraged to use the VAC device in difficult wounds, even in the head and neck area in children, and to bring this treatment into the outpatient clinic.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Nosocomial Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (175) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidya Shrestha ◽  
B M Pokhrel ◽  
T M Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Test Method ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Introduction: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the most common cause ofnosocomial infection has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. They arenormally resistant to most of the antibiotics used in clinical practice. This study has been carried outto fi nd out the resistance pattern among S. aureus.Methods: During November 2007 to June 2008, clinical samples from patients with nosocomialinfection were processed for culture and sensitivity following standard methodology in microbiologylaboratory, Tribhuvan University teaching hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.Results: Among 149 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, highest resistance was observed against Penicillin(91.94%) followed by Fluoroquinolone (61.74%), Erythromycin (52.94%), Gentamicin (46.98%),Cotrimoxazole (42.95%), Tetracycline (40.94%) and others, whereas susceptibility was observedmaximum against Chloramphenicol (94.85%) followed by Rifampicin (92.61%), Tetracycline(59.06%), Cotrimoxazole (57.04%), and others. None of the isolates were resistant to Vancomycinand Teicoplanin. Of these isolates 44.96 % of the isolates were Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA).Resistance to Penicillin, Fluoroquinolone, Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Co-trimoxazole and Tetracyclinewere associated signifi cantly with MRSA isolates (X2= 8.779, p<0.05, X2= 74.233, p<0.05, X2= 84.2842,p<0.05, X2= 108.2032, p<0.05, X2= 88.1512, p<0.05 and X2= 79.1876, p<0.05 respectively). Althoughmost of the Methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were susceptible to both Rifampicinand Chloramphenicol, only Rifampicin susceptibility was signifi cantly associated with them (X2=10.1299, p<0.05). Among three Biochemical tests for the detection of β lactamase detection namelychromogenic, iodometric and acidimetric test, chromogenic test method had highest sensitivity andspecifi city.Conclusions: Since MRSA comprised a greater part of S. aureus isolates and were multi-resistant,patients infected by such strains should be identifi ed and kept in isolation for hospital infectioncontrol and treated with second line of drug like vancomycin.Key Words: β lactamase, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus,methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, resistance pattern

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