scholarly journals Passive smoking in children: facts and public health implications

2002 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
W. El Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Passive Smoker ◽  
Cigarette Brand ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Exposure Levels

This study measured cotinine/creatinine ratios among 60 children in Alexandria, Egypt whose parent [s] smoked and 20 control children whose parents reported not smoking to show that passive smoker children were more exposed than controls. Among the passive smoker children, girls were more exposed, 35% of the population burden of cotinine was among those aged 0-2 years, and exposure significantly decreased with the child’s age. Passive smoker children whose fathers smoked “lighter” cigarettes had higher exposure levels than those whose fathers smoked regular brands. Educational programmes should increase awareness of the ill-effects of environmental tobacco smoke, and health professionals should advise parents who smoke on quitting smoking rather than switching to a “lighter” cigarette brand.

scholarly journals Health Risk of Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewan Raja ◽  
Bahar Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Secondhand Smoking ◽  
Smoking Exposure ◽  
Home Area

Environmental tobacco smoke is a preventable cause of significant morbidity and mortality among non-smokers. Reducing exposure to tobacco smoke is an essential community and public health objective. This report documents the substantial evidence characterizing the health risks caused by exposure to passive smoking. Multiple major reviews of evidence have concluded that environmental tobacco smoke is a known human carcinogen and that exposure to passive smoke causes adverse effects like SIDS, congenital birth defects, lead poisoning, and lung cancer. Regrettably, reductions in exposure have been slower among small children than among adults, as growing workplace restriction protects the majority of adults while the homes remain the most important source of exposure for children. The relationship between passive smoking exposure and potential health hazards to all ages of population were researched. We analyzed and systematically reviewed information from multiple literature sources. We found that everyone from the fetus to the elderly is significantly affected by passive smoking. Like firsthand smoking, secondhand smoking is also hazardous. Health education and regulations regarding secondhand smoking in both the office and home area can improve public health. This paper indicates a critical need for second hand smoke reduction interventions especially among vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and respiratory symptoms in school children of Nis

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Nikolic ◽  
Dragana Nikic ◽  
Konstansa Lazarevic
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
School Children ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hereditary Predisposition ◽  
Passive Smoker ◽  
Significant Difference

INTRODUCTION. There is relatively strong evidence among children showing that passive smoking is associated with respiratory symptoms and respiratory diseases, but few studies have been carried out in Serbian population. OBJECTIVE. Establishment of association between exposure to tobacco smoke within family and prevalence of the upper and lower respiratory symptoms in school children. METHOD. In this descriptive epidemiological study, studied population consisted of 533 school children, 12.96?1.54 years old, residents of Nis town, from the area with identical open air pollution. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure was recorded in 382 children. Data about symptoms in children, conditions of habitation, presence of pets and hereditary predisposition were entered into structured questionnaire. RESULTS. T-test and ?2-test statistics showed no significant difference of living conditions, hereditary predisposition among children and average time which passive smoker and nonsmoker children spent indoors. In both groups, the upper respiratory symptoms were more frequent (42.4%-80.2%) in comparison to lower respiratory symptoms (14.4%-25.7%). There was significant difference of the upper and lower respiratory symptoms between the exposed children and control group (?2=9.7>?2 (1.005) =3.8, p>0.05 - for the upper and ? 2 =4.4 >? 2 (1.005) =3.8, p>0.05 - for the lower respiratory symptoms). Primary health care need for respiratory symptoms and diseases due to effect of passive smoking was higher in the exposed children. CONCLUSION. The results provide evidence of adverse respiratory effects of passive smoking to children being exposed to smoke in domestic setting. These findings emphasize the need for effective measures of prevention of involuntary smoking during childhood in Serbia.

Dissent (A) Environmental tobacco smoke: A public health conspiracy? A dissenting view

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Farland ◽  
Steven Bayard ◽  
Jennifer Jinot
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke

scholarly journals Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Cardiovascular Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydne DiGiacomo ◽  
Mohammad-Ali Jazayeri ◽  
Rajat Barua ◽  
John Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Relationship

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and its sequelae are among the largest economic and healthcare burdens in the United States and worldwide. The relationship between active smoking and atherosclerosis is well-described in the literature. However, the specific mechanisms by which ETS influences atherosclerosis are incompletely understood. In this paper, we highlight the definition and chemical constituents of ETS, review the existing literature outlining the effects of ETS on atherogenesis and thrombosis in both animal and human models, and briefly outline the public health implications of ETS based on these data.

Passive smoking among adolescents in Estonia

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kersti Piirna
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Adolescent Smokers ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Considerable Impact

1 The objective ofthis study was to assess prevalence and patterns of passive smoking in Estonia and to describe how environmental tobacco smoke is likely to initiate the desire in adolescents to start active smoking. 2 A population sample of 2170 students within the age groups of 13-14,15-16 and 17-18 of school grades 8, 10 and 12, respectively, at Tallinn High Schools participated in this study. The data w,ere collected using questionnaires which mainly consisted of structured multiple-choice and a few open questions. 3 Every fourth adolescent in Tallinn was either an occasional or a habitual smoker. 4 Nearly half (48%) of the respondents had no daily exposure to cigarette smoke. Almost one third (31%) was exposed daily for less than 1 h, 15% for 1-5 h and 6% for over 5 h a day. 5 The number of adolescent smokers was higher than non-smokers among those daily inhaling tobacco sidestream smoke. 6 In conclusion, environment gives considerable impact to the development of smoking habits among adolescents. Passive smoking as an inducing factor is associated with higher prevalence of smoking among the adolescents studied.

scholarly journals Self-Reported Exposure to ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke), Urinary Cotinine, and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Pregnant Women—The Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubica Argalasova ◽  
Ingrid Zitnanova ◽  
Diana Vondrova ◽  
Monika Dvorakova ◽  
Lucia Laubertova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Parameters

Background: Exposure to ETS (environmental tobacco smoke) is one of the most toxic environmental exposures. Objective: To investigate the association of ETS with physiological, biochemical, and psychological indicators, as well as with urine antioxidant capacity (AC) and oxidative damage to lipids in a pilot sample of healthy pregnant women. Methods: Exposure to ETS was investigated via a validated questionnaire, and urine cotinine and the marker of oxidative damage to lipids via 8-isoprostane concentrations using an ELISA kit. Urine AC was determined by the spectrophotometric Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) method. From a sample of pregnant women (n = 319, average age 30.84 ± 5.09 years) in 80, the levels of cotinine and oxidative stress markers were analyzed. Results: Among the 80 pregnant women, 5% (7.4% confirmed by cotinine) reported being current smokers and 25% reported passive smoking in the household (18.8% confirmed by cotinine). The Kappa was 0.78 for smokers and 0.22 for ETS-exposed nonsmokers. Pregnant women in the ETS-exposed group had significantly reduced AC compared to both the nonsmoker (ETS−) and the smoker groups (p < 0.05). Nonsmokers had significantly lower levels of 8-isoprostane than smokers (p < 0.01) and ETS-exposed nonsmokers (p < 0.05). Correlations between urine levels of cotinine and AC were positive in ETS-exposed nonsmokers. Conclusion: A harmful association of active and passive smoking and oxidative stress parameters among pregnant women has been indicated.

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