scholarly journals High altitude epidemic malaria in Bamian province, central Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-239
Author(s):  
M. Abdur Rab ◽  
T. W. Freeman ◽  
S. Rahim ◽  
N. Durrani ◽  
A. Simon Taha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Morbidity ◽  
Protracted Conflict ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smears

We report an epidemic of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the remote valley of Bamian [altitude 2250 m-2400 m] in the central highl and s of Afghanistan. A team of malaria experts from the World Health Organization and HealthNet International carried out the investigation. A total of 215 peripheral blood smears were obtained and 63 cases of malaria [90.5% P. falciparum, the remainder P. vivax] were confirmed. The study revealed that areas vulnerable to malaria in Afghanistan are more widespread than previously recognized. The area had been malaria-free until recently, when the disease appears to have been introduced as a consequence of protracted conflict and resultant population movement, and transmitted locally during the short summer months. The outbreak led to severe morbidity and high mortality in a province having only a few poorly-provisioned health care facilities

Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium Falciparum Among Children in Calabar, South Eastern Nigeria

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
O E Antia-Obong ◽  
A A A Alaribe ◽  
M U Young ◽  
A Bassy ◽  
B V Etim
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Chloroquine Resistance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The University

Sixty-nine children aged between 6 and 60 months with parasitologically proven Plasmodium falciparum malaria were treated with chloroquine (2.5 mg/kg) in the Children's Emergency Room of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH) in 1993. Thirty subjects (mean age 27.8 months) and 39 (mean age 29.5 months) received chloroquine phosphate suppository (Pharma Deko) and chloroquine sulphate syrup (May & Baker), respectively. The World Health Organization (WHO) 14-day in vivo field test was used in evaluating the response to treatment. In both treatment groups the responses were similar. Overall, parasitological cure occurred in 24 subjects (34.8%) and in the remaining 45 subjects (65.2%) treatment failed (chloroquine resistance). This level of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum (CRPF) is higher than 53.6% reported in this centre in 1989. Furthermore, in the present study the proportion of RII (46.4%) is significantly higher than 21.4% ( P < 0.02) obtained in 1989. Our findings show a worsening of CRPF in Calabar with RII being the main contributor. This observation indicates the need for continued surveillance of the response of P. falciparum to chloroquine and alternative antimalarials as a means of evolving an effective treatment policy for malaria.

scholarly journals A Review of Asymptomatic and Subclinical Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Grant ◽  
Mamunur Rahman Malik ◽  
Amgad Elkholy ◽  
Maria D Van Kerkhove
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Middle East ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
The World ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract The epidemiology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) since 2012 has been largely characterized by recurrent zoonotic spillover from dromedary camels followed by limited human-to-human transmission, predominantly in health-care settings. The full extent of infection of MERS-CoV is not clear, nor is the extent and/or role of asymptomatic infections in transmission. We conducted a review of molecular and serological investigations through PubMed and EMBASE from September 2012 to November 15, 2018, to measure subclinical or asymptomatic MERS-CoV infection within and outside of health-care settings. We performed retrospective analysis of laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infections reported to the World Health Organization to November 27, 2018, to summarize what is known about asymptomatic infections identified through national surveillance systems. We identified 23 studies reporting evidence of MERS-CoV infection outside of health-care settings, mainly of camel workers, with seroprevalence ranges of 0%–67% depending on the study location. We identified 20 studies in health-care settings of health-care worker (HCW) and family contacts, of which 11 documented molecular evidence of MERS-CoV infection among asymptomatic contacts. Since 2012, 298 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported as asymptomatic to the World Health Organization, 164 of whom were HCWs. The potential to transmit MERS-CoV to others has been demonstrated in viral-shedding studies of asymptomatic MERS infections. Our results highlight the possibility for onward transmission of MERS-CoV from asymptomatic individuals. Screening of HCW contacts of patients with confirmed MERS-CoV is currently recommended, but systematic screening of non-HCW contacts outside of health-care facilities should be encouraged.

scholarly journals Evaluation of drug use in Jordan using WHO prescribing indicators

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 537-543
Author(s):  
S. Otoom ◽  
A. Batieha ◽  
H. Hadidi ◽  
M. Hasan ◽  
K. Al Saudi
Keyword(s):  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prescribing Practices ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Primary Health Care Facilities ◽  
Northern Jordan

Patterns of prescribing and use of pharmaceuticals by physicians and patients in Jordan have not previously been studied. We retrospectively evaluated pharmaceutical drug prescribing practices in 21 primary health care facilities in Irbid governorate, northern Jordan using World Health Organization-recommended core indicators. The mean number of drugs prescribed was 2.3 overall, ranging from 1.9 to 3.0. The percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was very low, as was the percentage of prescriptions involving injections. The percentages of prescriptions involving antibiotics and drugs from the essential drugs list averaged 60.9% and 93% respectively. We conclude that the prescribing and use of drugs in Jordan requires rationalization, particularly the over-prescribing of antibiotics and the under-prescribing of generic drugs.

scholarly journals Assessment of handwritten prescriptions from Saudi Arabia according to international guidelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212097715
Author(s):  
Souhib Mohammed Youssef ◽  
Mohamed Saddik Zaghloul ◽  
Mohammed Fayez Ahmed ◽  
Abdul Nasser Ahmed Barmo ◽  
Asghar Mehdi Muhammed Mehdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Private Health Care ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
Contact Information ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: Prescription dispensing services are not digitalized in the majority of governmental hospitals and private clinics in Saudi Arabia, which makes them prone to error. We aimed to evaluate handwritten prescriptions in a region in Saudi Arabia for consistency and accuracy according to international guidelines. Methods: A sample of handwritten prescriptions (dated 2016 or 2017) from selected pharmacies in the Al-Qassim region (n = 556) were evaluated for missing information on items related to prescriber, patient, and medication according to the World Health Organization and Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Results: We found that the prescriber’s name and contact information were missing in two-thirds of the prescriptions (66%). Patients’ addresses were always missing (100%). No prescription contained medication warnings; a majority lacked information on mode of administration (68%) and methods to avoid refilling (66%). Conclusion: Saudi Arabia should take a multipronged approach, including digitalization of prescription dispensing services, in both public and private health care facilities in order to reduce prescription errors.

scholarly journals Supportive supervision as an effective intervention in improving water, sanitation and hygiene facilities in government health facilities of Tamil Nadu

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudharshini Subramaniam ◽  
T. S. Selvavinayagam
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
World Health ◽  
Supportive Supervision ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is one of the important components of Sustainable Development Goals which is essential for achieving any global health-related goals. WASH in health care facilities is prioritized as a necessary input to achieve health goals. Supportive Supervision has been established as an effective intervention in improving the performance of health care workers. This paper evaluates the role of supportive supervision in improving WASH facilities in the health care facilities of high priority districts of Tamil Nadu.Methods: The effectiveness of supportive supervision in improving WASH facilities was assessed through a pre-post experimental research design. World Health Organization proposed steps were followed while planning for the supportive supervision. Supervisory visits were made using checklists in all secondary level public health facilities in 7 High Priority Districts which were chosen based on the preliminary WASH survey conducted by UNICEF. The same health facilities were revisited after 3 months and supervised using the same checklist.Results: In the first supervisory visit, 41.6% of the health facilities (57 out of 137 facilities) were non- functional in terms of WASH score, while only 5.8% (8 out of 137 facilities) were fully functional. In the second visit, proportion of non- functional facilities had dropped from 41.6% to 7.3% and there has been an increase in the partially functional (52.6% to 71.5%) and fully functional facilities (5.8% to 21.2%) which was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Supportive supervision was able to show a significant improvement in the WASH facilities in all types of facilities. 

State-of-the-art and projected developments of nanofiber filter material for face mask against covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Patel ◽  
BinduKumari Yadav ◽  
Priya Patel
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Pharmacological Medication

Background: The Covid-19 epidemic was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. It is difficult to foresee the future length and severity; it may be weeks, months, or even years that could deplete the energy and resources of the health care facilities and the providers as there is marginal to no pharmacological medication available to treat the Covid-19. Unless an effective pharmacological treatment such as medicines and vaccines is developed and released publicly, wearing protective face masks and protecting personal health and hygiene is merely a choice to avoid the Covid-19 spread. This review summarizes the background knowledge on the Covid-19 disease and currently available face masks for highly infectious disease primary prevention. According to recent studies onf Covid-19 prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, nanotechnologists have provided a revolutionary approach that involves both pharmacological and non-pharmacological steps, one of which is the use of nanofibers in facemasks and respirators. Method: Various research carried out in the field of nano masks and patented reports based on the application of nano masks were reviewed. Summary: The most recent developments of nanofibers, including research publications, patents, and commercial products in Covid-19 prevention, are extensively reviewed from scientific literature and appropriately represented in this study.

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