The Still Unexplored Parts of Southeast Asian Archaeology: Colonial Archaeology Singapore

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sxuann Sim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
The People ◽  
Colonial Archaeology

Existing archaeological studies have focused predominantly on 14th century Singapore while colonial archaeology in Singapore remains understudied. With most archaeological sites in Singapore also yielding artifacts from the 19th to early 20th century, there is an enormous potential for the development of the field (Miksic 2013, p.419). Although colonial records can provide information on colonial Singapore, more mundane daily activities and lives of the people are under-documented. This paper seeks to identify the potential and importance of studying Singapore and Southeast Asian’s colonial archaeological record.

scholarly journals EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF TATAR INTELLECTUALS IN KAZAKH SOCIETY IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sarkulova ◽  
◽  
S. Kaldybayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
The People ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
Colonial Oppression ◽  
Periodical Publishing

At the beginning of the century, educated, open-minded and patriotic representatives of the intelligents of the Turkic people paid special attention to the spiritual heritage of the people and focused all their efforts on strengthening the sphere of education. The Tatar intelligents has a special role and place in this direction. The Tatar intelligents tried to draw public attention to the needs not only of its people, but also with other fraternal, Turkic-Muslim peoples with whom it had established close ties. These efforts are clearly reflected in the Tatar periodical publishing. The Tatar intelligents saw the periodic printing as one way to lift the spirit of the people away from colonial oppression. Indeed, the periodic seal was the last hope and support for many Turkic-Muslim peoples deprived of their land and political freedom. At the same time, it is possible to commend the educational activities of the Tatar intelligents in the formation of the Kazakh intelligents in the field of education and in the works of publishing houses.

The Malayonesian Cosmological Doctrines in Some Past Scientific Writings in Malay

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-49
Author(s):  
Shaharir Bin Mohd Zain
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Substantial Portion ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

The Malayonesian cosmological doctrines highlighted here are based on the study of the five Malay inscriptions dated 5th century to 14th century A.D, a traditional Malay folklore on cosmology compiled by Abdullah (1984), and  a well known best seller Malay manuscript entitled Taj al-Muluk edited by Syaikh Ismail al-Asyi (1893). We find that the Malayonesian cosmology changes as the people change their religion successively from Hindu to Buddha and to Islam as such that their cosmology became a syncretism of Hindu-Buddha cosmology and Islamic cosmology (after 13th century A.D). But in the second part of the 20th century, the Muslims  through out the world began to rediscover their cosmology in relation to a much more pure Islamic cosmology. As a result, a substantial portion of Malayonesians become dualistic or syncretic in their cosmology.  Then toward the end of the 20th century came a very powerfull Western cosmology  invaded the Muslims thought through economics and malitarism  as such that their belief in Islamic cosmology has to accommodate the Western cosmology as well and hence the syncretic Hindu-Buddha-Islamic cosmology  became less prominent. A new relativistic dualism, namely a parallel recognition in both the Islamic and the Western cosmologies appeared in Malayonesian cosmology.

scholarly journals Menelusuri karya intelektual Sayyid Usmanbin Yahya dalam bidang fikih

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Muhammad Noupal
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Legal Decision ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The People ◽  
Netherlands East Indies

Sayyid Usman, a Hadrami scholar in the 19th and early 20th century was very controversial. He was themufty of Batavia as well as advisor to the Netherlands East Indies. Especially as a mufty, Sayyid Usmanwas becoming a reference to the people who requested for a ruling of law. Supported by his ownprinting litographyc, Sayyid Usman was able to convey his views dan ideas widely through the publica-tion of books and treatises. The books produced by Sayyid Usman specialized in the field of Islamic lawor fiqh which refers to social jurisprudence. While related to the fiqh of worship, more concise and verysimple. Among his works in the field of law, the book of al-Qawanin al-Shar’iyyah is a very importantwork. This book contains a methodological description on how to take a legal decision (fatwa). Asadmitted, the purpose of writing al-Qawanin is a guide for prince and a judge of religion, especially inlegal decisions based on Ahlu Sunna sect.

scholarly journals The Cult of Saints in the Religious Views of the Tatar Jadid Ulama of the late 18th – early 20th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 726-742
Author(s):  
E. Kh. Seidametov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
Cult Of Saints

The article discusses the issues of the cult of saints within the theological views of the Tatar Jadid ulama of the late 18th – early 20th centuries. The prominent representatives of this movement – Gabdennasyir Kursavi, Shigabutdin Marjani, Galimajan Barudi, Rizaetdin Fakhretdin, Musa Bigeev – searched for the causes of spiritual, political, social and economic decline, in which Muslims found themselves. These religious representatives believed to fi nd a way out the crisis through the change of Muslim beliefs as well as the rejection from innovations in religion and return to the Qur’an and Sunnah.They opposed many traditions that existed among the people. In their opinion, these rituals contradicted with the doctrines of Islam including the cult of saints and the institute of saints graves’ guardians. On the other hand, the Jadids regarded reforming the educational system, studying of secular sciences, borrowing modern scientifi c, technological and other achievements from the Europeans as an important condition for the progress of Muslims. This attitude of Tatar theologians favored the establishment of Islamic cultural values and opened up new ways for Russian Muslims to familiarize with the achievements of world civilization.

scholarly journals DAYAH AND MEUNASAH IN ACEH: REFORM IN LOCAL CONTEXT

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Moch. Khafidz Fuad Raya
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of

  The history of Islamic education in the early 20th century led to various changes, especially the emergence of madrasas as an Islamic schooling system. Traditional Islamic educational institutions inevitably have to harmonise and open themselves to transformation, even though they initially experienced opposition. Using a qualitative approach with a narrative documentation method based on historical texts and observations in several Islamic educational institutions in Aceh, this article focuses on revealing the history of the dayah and meunasah as a traditional Acehnese Islamic educational institution that underwent some fundamental changes. The results found: First, the existence of the dayah is more long-term than the meunasah even though both forms of this institution are rooted in the same ideological principles with different patterns, seen from the early 20th century until implementing sharia law in Aceh after the Helsinki peace agreement, the dayah was still existed by maintaining its institutional form. Second, the emergence of madrasas as a formation of the government’s political policy on the social conditions of the people that occurred has provided space for traditional Islamic educational institutions (such as the dayah) to open themselves to including general subjects, although this second result has led to struggles; Third, there is a contestation between dayah, Islamic schools, and madrasas, with public schools driven by traditionalist and modernist groups in maintaining their existence. The contest has opened the history of the dayah and meunasah into the form of public schools and madrasas in the future, both of which apply Islamic religious material, where public schools are superior to madrasas in terms of curriculum, educational programs, and human resources.

scholarly journals So-called “Lollardsʼs Catechism”. The translation of part from middle English to Russian with commentary and introduction article

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle English ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
John Wycliffe

Publication of the Russian translation of part of so-called “Lollardsʼs Catechism”, which was written by anonymous author in 14th century England. The title “Lollardsʼs Catechism” was given by first editors in the early 20th century, because the text wasnʼt originally entitled. The text is an expanded version of official Catechism, written by ordered archbishop of York John de Thoresby (died 1373). In comparison with the original, anonymous author focused on the ethos of clergy. For some time, researchers believed that the author of the text was John Wycliffe (1320-1384), but now this point of view isn’t shared by scientists. The rhetoric presented in the text gives the reasons to believe that the text was written by one of the wandering preachers, who may have belonged to the Lollards, who were especially active in England in the second half of the 14th century.

FORMATION OF THE KAZAKH DIASPORA IN MONGOLIA AND CHINA

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
D.K. Mamytkhanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The People ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article describes the border treaty between Russia and China in the 19th century, the situation with the resettlement of Kazakhs who fled for various reasons at the beginning of the last century from the partition of Mongolia during the country's independence in the early 20th century. The need to clarify the relationship between irredentists and the diaspora in these states is discussed. Indeed, in modern Kazakhstani society, raising such a topic is of great importance in the formation of a positive attitude of the people towards a foreign brother.

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