National Movements of the People of Russia in Early 20th Century Through the Eyes of the Ukrainian Publicists (Based on the Materials of the Newspaper “Rada”)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The People ◽  
National Movements

scholarly journals EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF TATAR INTELLECTUALS IN KAZAKH SOCIETY IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sarkulova ◽  
◽  
S. Kaldybayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
The People ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
Colonial Oppression ◽  
Periodical Publishing

At the beginning of the century, educated, open-minded and patriotic representatives of the intelligents of the Turkic people paid special attention to the spiritual heritage of the people and focused all their efforts on strengthening the sphere of education. The Tatar intelligents has a special role and place in this direction. The Tatar intelligents tried to draw public attention to the needs not only of its people, but also with other fraternal, Turkic-Muslim peoples with whom it had established close ties. These efforts are clearly reflected in the Tatar periodical publishing. The Tatar intelligents saw the periodic printing as one way to lift the spirit of the people away from colonial oppression. Indeed, the periodic seal was the last hope and support for many Turkic-Muslim peoples deprived of their land and political freedom. At the same time, it is possible to commend the educational activities of the Tatar intelligents in the formation of the Kazakh intelligents in the field of education and in the works of publishing houses.

scholarly journals Menelusuri karya intelektual Sayyid Usmanbin Yahya dalam bidang fikih

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Muhammad Noupal
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Legal Decision ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The People ◽  
Netherlands East Indies

Sayyid Usman, a Hadrami scholar in the 19th and early 20th century was very controversial. He was themufty of Batavia as well as advisor to the Netherlands East Indies. Especially as a mufty, Sayyid Usmanwas becoming a reference to the people who requested for a ruling of law. Supported by his ownprinting litographyc, Sayyid Usman was able to convey his views dan ideas widely through the publica-tion of books and treatises. The books produced by Sayyid Usman specialized in the field of Islamic lawor fiqh which refers to social jurisprudence. While related to the fiqh of worship, more concise and verysimple. Among his works in the field of law, the book of al-Qawanin al-Shar’iyyah is a very importantwork. This book contains a methodological description on how to take a legal decision (fatwa). Asadmitted, the purpose of writing al-Qawanin is a guide for prince and a judge of religion, especially inlegal decisions based on Ahlu Sunna sect.

scholarly journals The Cult of Saints in the Religious Views of the Tatar Jadid Ulama of the late 18th – early 20th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 726-742
Author(s):  
E. Kh. Seidametov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Decline ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
Cult Of Saints

The article discusses the issues of the cult of saints within the theological views of the Tatar Jadid ulama of the late 18th – early 20th centuries. The prominent representatives of this movement – Gabdennasyir Kursavi, Shigabutdin Marjani, Galimajan Barudi, Rizaetdin Fakhretdin, Musa Bigeev – searched for the causes of spiritual, political, social and economic decline, in which Muslims found themselves. These religious representatives believed to fi nd a way out the crisis through the change of Muslim beliefs as well as the rejection from innovations in religion and return to the Qur’an and Sunnah.They opposed many traditions that existed among the people. In their opinion, these rituals contradicted with the doctrines of Islam including the cult of saints and the institute of saints graves’ guardians. On the other hand, the Jadids regarded reforming the educational system, studying of secular sciences, borrowing modern scientifi c, technological and other achievements from the Europeans as an important condition for the progress of Muslims. This attitude of Tatar theologians favored the establishment of Islamic cultural values and opened up new ways for Russian Muslims to familiarize with the achievements of world civilization.

scholarly journals DAYAH AND MEUNASAH IN ACEH: REFORM IN LOCAL CONTEXT

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Moch. Khafidz Fuad Raya
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of

  The history of Islamic education in the early 20th century led to various changes, especially the emergence of madrasas as an Islamic schooling system. Traditional Islamic educational institutions inevitably have to harmonise and open themselves to transformation, even though they initially experienced opposition. Using a qualitative approach with a narrative documentation method based on historical texts and observations in several Islamic educational institutions in Aceh, this article focuses on revealing the history of the dayah and meunasah as a traditional Acehnese Islamic educational institution that underwent some fundamental changes. The results found: First, the existence of the dayah is more long-term than the meunasah even though both forms of this institution are rooted in the same ideological principles with different patterns, seen from the early 20th century until implementing sharia law in Aceh after the Helsinki peace agreement, the dayah was still existed by maintaining its institutional form. Second, the emergence of madrasas as a formation of the government’s political policy on the social conditions of the people that occurred has provided space for traditional Islamic educational institutions (such as the dayah) to open themselves to including general subjects, although this second result has led to struggles; Third, there is a contestation between dayah, Islamic schools, and madrasas, with public schools driven by traditionalist and modernist groups in maintaining their existence. The contest has opened the history of the dayah and meunasah into the form of public schools and madrasas in the future, both of which apply Islamic religious material, where public schools are superior to madrasas in terms of curriculum, educational programs, and human resources.

FORMATION OF THE KAZAKH DIASPORA IN MONGOLIA AND CHINA

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
D.K. Mamytkhanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
The People ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article describes the border treaty between Russia and China in the 19th century, the situation with the resettlement of Kazakhs who fled for various reasons at the beginning of the last century from the partition of Mongolia during the country's independence in the early 20th century. The need to clarify the relationship between irredentists and the diaspora in these states is discussed. Indeed, in modern Kazakhstani society, raising such a topic is of great importance in the formation of a positive attitude of the people towards a foreign brother.

scholarly journals ANDEH SETIA: Women's Economic Mobilizer in Sulit Air in Early 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Addi Arrahman
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Approach

<p><em>Weaving handicrafts became the motor Minangkabau's economy at the beginning of the 20th. It encouraged the establishment of weaving centers, such as Amai Setia (1911) and Andeh Setia (1912). Amai Setia handicrafts' are still standing strong nowadays, while Andeh Setia is thus no longer known by the people of Sulit Air today. This paper uses the social history approach and exposes the history of the emergence and fall of Andeh Setia as an economic movement in Sulit Air. The establishment of Andeh Setia is inseparable from the role of ninik mamak and women in Sulit Air. Andeh Setia's success was ultimately drowned due to the loss of driving figures, the reduction in women's interest in weaving crafts, and the overflow of merantau. This finding also suggests that the economic independence of the people in Sulit Air, depends heavily on the role of </em>perantau<em>. This situation is thus an obstacle to the realization of economic independence. </em></p><p> </p><p>Kerajinan tenun menjadi penggerak perekonomian di Minangkabau pada awal ke-20. Ini mendorong terbentuknya pusat kerajaninan tenun, seperti Amai Setia (1911) dan Andeh Setia (1912). Kerajinan Amai Setia hingga saat ini masih dapat ditemukan, sedangkan Andeh Setia justeru tidak dikenal lagi oleh masyarakat Sulit Air hari ini. Padahal, pada tahun 1912, kualitas tenun Andeh Setia sangat diminati pasar. Itulah sebabnya, Andeh Setia menjadi penggerak ekonomi perempuan di Sulit Air. Artikel ini juga menemukan bahwa sebab hilangnya Andeh Setia adalah karena kehilangan tokoh penggerak, menurunnya minat kaum perempuan terhadap kerajinan tenun, dan menguatnya arus merantau.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Perempuan dalam Pendidikan Madrasah Di Aceh dari Perspektif Sejarah

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inayatillah Inayatillah
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
The People ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
Women's Role ◽  
Islamic Values

AbstractThis paper discusses on the women’s role in madrasah education in Aceh, as to when Acehnese women had their opportunity to study in madrasah, and why the parents sent them to madrasah education. This study will show that female Acehnese have been involved in madrasah education since the early 20th century, i.e. since the outset of this type of education in the region. The Acehnese women’s role in madrasah education shows that women have had access to education since long ago. Their participation in the premise of Islamic education is insperable from the Islamic values deeply rooted in the people of Aceh. Additionally, this study also found that the Acehnese women were allowed to continue their studies not only within but also outside the Aceh region. Even during the hard times of conflicts, many women have their chance to continue their education outside the region, such as Medan, Padang, Jakarta, Yogyakarta and other major cities. This shows that the Acehnese practice of migration belongs not only to men but also common to women. AbstrakTulisan ini membahas tentang bagaimana partisipasi perempuan Aceh dalam pendidikan madrasah, sejak kapan perempuan Aceh memperoleh kesempatan untuk belajar dalam pendidikan madrasah, dan mengapa orang tua di Aceh menyekolahkan anak perempuannya dalam pendidikan madrasah. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa perempuan Aceh telah terlibat dalam dunia pendidikan madrasah sejak awal abad ke-20, yaitu sejak pendidikan madrasah ini muolai didirikan di Aceh. Keterlibatan perempuan Aceh dalam dunia pendidikan madrasah menunjukkan bahwa perempuan telah memperoleh kesempatan untuk mendapatkan pendidikan sejak dulu. Partisipasi perempuan Aceh dalam dunia pendidikan Islam tidak dapat dilepaskan dari nilai-nilai keislaman yang mengakar kuat dalam masyarakat Aceh. Selain itu kajian ini juga menemukan bahwa perempuan Aceh tidak hanya diperbolehkan untuk melanjutkan pendidikannya di sekitar daerah Aceh tetapi juga sampai di luar daerah. Bahkan ketika konflik melanda Aceh, banyak perempuan yang melanjutkan pendidikannya ke luar daerah Aceh, seperti Medan, Padamg, Jakarta, Yogyakarta dan kota-kota besar lainnya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tradisi merantau dalam masyarakat Aceh tidak hanya milik kaum laki-laki tetapi tradisi ini juga lazim dilakukan oleh kaum perempuan.

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