scholarly journals Temporal occurrence pattern of insect pests and fungal pathogens in young Tasmanian plantations of Eucalyptus globulus Lab ill. and E. nitens Maiden

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
DW De Little ◽  
SD Foster ◽  
TL Hingston
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Temporal Occurrence ◽  
Occurrence Pattern

scholarly journals On Farm Evaluation of Eucalyptus globulus Labill Leaf and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Whole Plant Powder against Storage Insect Pests in Stored Maize at Sokoru District in Jimma Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Lelise Tilahun Dufera ◽  
Abebe Yimer Tadesse ◽  
Waktole Sori Gobena ◽  
Chala Gowe Kuyu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Jimma Zone ◽  
Plant Powders

Maize is the second most widely grown cereal and gaining importance as a highly nutritious crop in Ethiopia. However, it is severely destroyed by storage insect pests and needs further research to minimize losses. In line with this, research was initiated to evaluate the efficacy of two botanical plant powders (Eucalyptus globulus Labill leaf and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. whole plant) against storage insect pests of maize grains of two maize varieties (BH-661 and Limu) in polypropylene sacks storage conditions at Jimma Zone, Sokoru district. The plant powders were compared with untreated control, and completely randomized design was used in the experiment with three replications for each treatment. Germination capacity, thousand grain weights, percent of insect damage, and weight loss of the stored grains were evaluated and reported in the range of 69.67–94.33%, 318.7–339.3 g, 3.67–50%, and 0.2843–5.22%, respectively, after five months of storage for grains treated with botanicals. However, germination capacity of 10% and 65.33%, percent insect damage of 80.33% and 48%, and weight loss of 23.53% and 5.89% were observed for BH-661 and Limu varieties, respectively, after five months of storage for untreated control. The result indicated that both tested botanicals were effective in protecting the storage insect pests and maintaining the quality of the grains tested in comparison with control and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. whole plant powder is more effective. Although there was significant protective effect compared to untreated control, their effectiveness was decreased drastically after five and three months of storage for Chenopodium ambrosioides L. whole plant powder and Eucalyptus globulus Labill leaf powder, respectively. It is recommended that further research should be done to check if the increasing rate of application increases protection duration of these botanicals and the toxicity of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. should be further studied to use it as a storage insect protectant of maize grains intended for food purpose.

Evaluation of biological activities of two essential oils as a safe environmental bioinsecticides: case of Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-556
Author(s):  
Ayoub Ainane ◽  
Tarik Ainane ◽  
Fatouma Mohamed Abdoul-Latif ◽  
Talal Mohamed Abdoul-Latif
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Organic Volatiles

All works of this article were conducted to investigate chemical composition and insecticidal and antimicrobial properties of Eucalyptus globulus and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation of its aerial parts. Analysis of the essential oils on the basis of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/FID and GC/MS) revealed the presence of 82 organic volatiles representing 98.63% of the total constituents of Eucalyptus globulus and the presence of 45 organic volatiles representing 98.53% of the total constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis. The major compounds for Eucalyptus globulus were estragole (28.14%), terpinolene (7.12%), 1,4-hexadiene-5-methyl-3-(1-methylethylidene) (7.01%), linalool (5.54%) and furfural (4.66%) and for Rosmarinus officinalis were (-)-camphor (31.16%) and β-caryophyllene (18.55%), 3,4-dimethyl-(Z,Z)-2,4-Hexadiene (9.08%), α-fenchene (4.67%), cis-verbenone (4.33%) and Bornyl acetate (3.4%). The efficacy of the two essential oils was evaluated on the insect pests Sitophilus granarius of wheat and was remarkable with lethal doses of 50% tending towards 1 μL·cm–3. The broth microdilution method as a complementary test was conducted to test the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil against: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, further for the two oils of shows promising activity against all strains.

Hydrological Droughts in the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland, in the Years 1951–2020

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1744
Author(s):  
Leszek Hejduk ◽  
Ewa Kaznowska ◽  
Michał Wasilewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Hejduk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Hydrological Droughts ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest

The occurrence of hydrological drought, caused by rainfall deficiency, poses a threat to forest areas—not only due to the danger of fire, but as a result of changes in habitat conditions. It is predicted that more frequent periods of drought and high temperatures will reduce the stability of forests and increase their susceptibility to industrial pollution, pressure from insect pests, fungal pathogens, and fires. The main aim of this study was to investigate the current streamflow droughts in the catchment area of the Narewka River as an indicator of hydrological droughts in the Białowieża Primeval Forest for the period 1951–2020. The research presented in this paper shows that low flows of surface waters have appeared as an indicator of hydrological droughts almost every year since 1983. The analysis of the trend over the past 70 years shows that the aggregated annual volumes of low flows and the number of days with low flows are increasing significantly. This indicates a significant and relatively permanent change in the seasonal structure of the river runoff in the event of low summer flow.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes and the Interaction between the Horse Chestnut Leaf Miner Cameraria ohridella and Horse Chestnut Leaf Blotch Disease Caused by Guignardia aesculi

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Michal Kopačka ◽  
Gösta Nachman ◽  
Rostislav Zemek
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Chestnut Leaf ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
The City

The horse chestnut leaf miner Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) is an invasive pest of horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum (Sapindales: Sapindaceae) and has spread through Europe since 1985. Horse chestnut leaf blotch is a fungal disease caused by Guignardia aesculi (Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae) that also seriously damages horse chestnut trees in Europe. The interaction between the leaf miner and the fungus has not yet been sufficiently described. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess leaf damage inflicted to horse chestnut by both C. ohridella and G. aesculi during the vegetation season and to model their interaction. The damage to leaf area was measured monthly from May to September 2013 in České Budějovice, the Czech Republic using digital image analysis of sampled leaves. A simple phenomenological model describing the expected dynamics of the two species was developed. The study revealed that the damage caused by both the pests and the fungus varied significantly among sampling sites within the city. The overall leaf damage exceeded 50% in no-raking sites in August. The mathematical model indicates that infestation by C. ohridella is more affected by G. aesculi than vice versa. Guignardia aesculi is thus the superior competitor of the two species. Our findings highlight the delicate interplay between insect pests and fungal pathogens and the spatiotemporal dynamics influencing them, calling for more research in this understudied area.

Impact of weather on the occurrence pattern of insect pests on groundnut

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Harish ◽  
M.V. Nataraja ◽  
Poonam Jasrotia ◽  
Prasanna Holajjer ◽  
S.D. Savaliya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Occurrence Pattern

Cold plasma: exploring a new option for management of postharvest fungal pathogens, mycotoxins and insect pests in Australian stored cereal grain

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
M. Kaur ◽  
D. Hüberli ◽  
K. L. Bayliss
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Cereal Grain ◽  
Biological Contaminants ◽  
Shelf Life Studies ◽  
Physical Treatments ◽  
And Control

Various strategies are used to reduce postharvest cereal grain contaminants such as insect pests and fungal pathogens. Chemical and physical treatments are common management practices but may leave harmful chemical residues on grains or alter their nutrient content (particularly temperature treatments) and have other limitations. This review explores the recent literature regarding cold plasma, with emphasis on its efficacy for decontamination of postharvest cereal grain from biological contaminants. Cold plasma is an ionised gas containing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, electrons and free radicals that are lethal to microorganisms and has the potential to decontaminate food surfaces and to increase shelf life. Studies conducted on rice, wheat, corn, barley and oats have demonstrated that cold plasma significantly reduced the amount of fungi, bacteria and their spores on grain surfaces. Cold plasma may also detoxify mycotoxins, and control insect pests. Evidence from various global studies demonstrates the potential use of cold plasma to manage postharvest fungi, mycotoxins and insect pests in Australian stored cereal grain.

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) for Intumescence Severity in Eucalyptus globulus and Validation of QTL Detection Based on Phenotyping Using Open-Pollinated Families of a Mapping Population

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1566-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Ammitzboll ◽  
René E. Vaillancourt ◽  
Brad M. Potts ◽  
Sambavi Singarasa ◽  
Radhika Mani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Qtl Discovery

Intumescence is a nonpathogenic physiological disorder characterized by leaf blistering. This disorder can affect growth and development in glasshouses and growth chambers and may be confused with pathogenic diseases. We used quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis to examine the genetic basis of variation in intumescence severity in Eucalyptus globulus, and test for colocation with previously detected QTLs for pathogen susceptibility. QTL analysis used the phenotype means of open-pollinated (OP) families of an outcrossed F2 mapping family (OP F3; n = 300) of E. globulus and the linkage map constructed in the F2. We validate this phenotyping approach for QTL analysis by assessing a trait previously used for QTL discovery in the F2 and showing the same major QTL was detected with the OP F3. For intumescence severity, five putative QTLs were detected across four linkage groups. Four of these did not colocate with previously reported QTLs for fungal pathogen susceptibility in Eucalyptus, suggesting the mechanisms underlying susceptibility to intumescence and to the two fungal pathogens are largely independent. This study demonstrates there is a genetic basis for variation in intumescence severity, reports the first QTL for intumescence severity in plants, and provides a robust framework for investigating the potential mechanisms involved.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of two fungal pathogens on larvae of the elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafar Ebrahimifar ◽  
Arsalan Jamshidnia
Keyword(s):  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Elm Leaf Beetle ◽  
Xanthogaleruca Luteola

Abstract Background The elm leaf beetle (ELB), Xanthogaleruca luteola Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is one of the most important insect pests that cause damage and physiological stress for the trees. In the present research, pathogenicity of both entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instar larval of ELB at the concentrations of 105, 106, 107, and 108 conidia per ml, using immersion and spray methods and were evaluated. Results The results showed that LC50 of B. bassiana in immersion and spray methods were 3.88 × 102 and 7.52 × 102 conidia/ml, while LC50 of M. anisopliae in mentioned methods were 7.05 × 102 and 11.85 × 102 conidia/ml, respectively. The highest mortality rate in both EPF was observed in the 1st instar larvae that were significantly different than the control treatment. Moreover, the highest and lowest mortality in both EPF, using immersion and spray methods, were observed at the concentrations of 108 and 105 conidia/ml, respectively. Therefore, susceptibility of 1st and 2nd larval instars was more than 1st instar larvae. Based on the findings of the present study, there was no mortality during the first 24 h, while after 2 days, the mortality was recorded and increased over time in case of both pathogens. Accordingly, B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were pathogenic on larvae of ELB. Conclusions The outputs of the study demonstrated that applications of these eco-friendly fungal pathogens with other non-chemical methods are recommended. Of course, under natural conditions, their efficiency may change; thus, more comprehensive studies are necessary.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document