scholarly journals Investigate Temperature Preheating on the Chill Plate to Identify Surface Characteristic on the Ductile Iron by Sand Casting

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Natalino Fonseca D. S. Guterres ◽  
Rusnaldy ◽  
Achmad Widodo ◽  
Arif Syamsudin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Surface Characteristic ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Preheating Temperature ◽  
Liquid Material ◽  
Diffusion Temperature ◽  
Casting Industry ◽  
Ss 304 ◽  
Surface Layer Thickness ◽  
Main Material

The chilled casting method is widely used in the metal casting industry to accelerate the mold's cooling rate. This method is very suitable for surface hardening by depositing the elements contained in the chill material onto the surface of the object being cast. One of the factors that influence surface hardness characteristics is the diffusion temperature. This study aims to determine the microhardness, surface layer thickness, and the element contained on the surface. The main material produced into Y-Block is ductile cast iron, the chill material is SS 304 plate with a thickness of 0.2mm. However, before the liquid material is poured into a mold, the chill plate is inserted into the surface of the pattern in the mold, then the plate was preheated. The result showed that the highest preheating temperature has produced microstructure around the surface area namely eutectic carbide of (FeCr)7C3, and (FeCr)3C. SEM-EDX analysis shows that 7.13%Cr is contained on the coating layer at a thickness of 0.020 mm and an average hardness of 700-900 HV.

The effect of chills thickness to microstructure and surface hardness layer on specimen ductile cast iron

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalino Fonseca. D. S Guterres ◽  
Rusnaldy ◽  
Achmad Widodo ◽  
Toto Carwita
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron

Effect of Shot Peening Pressure Variation on Surface Characteristic of SS-316L Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP)

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 418-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoga Rendra Saputra ◽  
Panji Prihandoko ◽  
Sunardi ◽  
Tutik Sriani ◽  
Gunawan Setia Prihandana
Keyword(s):  
Shot Peening ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Surface Characteristic ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Dynamic Compression Plate ◽  
Compression Plate

Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP) is a plate made of biomaterials like stainless steel 316L (SS-316L) or titanium, which is used for joining fractured/broken bones for fast recovery. Due to its excellent properties on corrosion, toughness, and hardness; SS-316L is widely used for medical application. Despite its excellent properties, the surface of SS-316L commonly degraded after machining. Therefore, the surface of SS-316L needs to be treated before further use. Shot peening is one of the methods to increase the surface hardness and roughness of material. This research aims to investigate the effect of shot peening to the surface of DCP made of SS-316L from its microstructures, surface roughness, and hardness. In this research, the DCP is designed for joining arms, which are upper-arm (humerus) and forearm (radius and ulna). First we machined the DCP to have holes and bend the plate to match the user bone structure. The DCP is 105 mm × 12 mm × 4 mm in dimension and has 6 holes, 5 mm diameter each, with holes aligned to the plate. After machining, the surface is modified by shot peening using following properties: steel ball (0.4 mm in diameter and hardness 250 HV), 100 mm nozzle-to-plate distance, and shot for 10 minutes. Our parameters are variations in pressure, ranging from 4 to 6 bar. The microstructure of the treated surface was analyzed after shot peening. The result shows that the shot peening treatment of SS-316L has increases its surface hardness and roughness with significant change on its microstructure, which makes a better surface characteristics for DCP.

scholarly journals Tribo-fatigue Behavior of Austempered Ductile Iron MoNiCa as New Structural Material for Rail-wheel System

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regita BENDIKIENE ◽  
Aliaksandr BAHDANOVICH ◽  
Ramunas CESNAVICIUS ◽  
Antanas CIUPLYS ◽  
Vytautas GRIGAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Structural Material ◽  
Rail Steel ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Rolling Surface

This research presents the results of tribo-fatigue behavior of austempered ductile cast iron MoNiCa and gives a comparison with standard grades of steel and cast iron. Due to the possibility to combine the castability of cast iron and toughness of steel in one material, new structural material MoNiCa attracted attention of industry and science because of economic benefits and high performance at the different application areas. After successful former experiments the main directions of further development of research for solving relevant practical wear and fatigue problems in rail-wheel system were framed. The complex experimental studies have demonstrated that MoNiCa is consistent with heat treated steels including the rail steels: required tensile strength of rail steel ranges from 1180 MPa to 1280 MPa when rolling surface hardness have to be from 38 HRC to 44 HRC whereas new structural material showed higher tensile strength up to 1400 MPa and slightly higher hardness up to 50 HRC. Herewith the workability of frictional couple cast iron MoNiCa/steel 20MnCr5G exceeds work performance of steel/steel system by 14 %.

scholarly journals Effects of Surface Hardness on High-Cycle Fatigue of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron.

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (595) ◽  
pp. 589-593
Author(s):  
Shigeru DOI ◽  
Syoji HARADA ◽  
Masao TAKAHARA ◽  
Takeshi HIROYASU ◽  
Hideo IKEDA
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Austempered Ductile Cast Iron

scholarly journals Application Of Active Screen Method For Ion Nitriding Efficiency Improvement

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 1075-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ogórek ◽  
T. Frączek ◽  
Z. Skuza
Keyword(s):  
Austenitic Steel ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Nitrogen Diffusion ◽  
Ion Nitriding ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Surface Layer Thickness

Abstract Paper presents the research of austenitic steel AISI 304 after ion nitriding at 400°C and at t =4h, for the two different variants of samples distribution in the working plasma reactive chamber tube. In order to assess the effectiveness of ion nitriding variants emission spectroscopy – GDOES, surface hardness tests, microstructure research (LM) of nitrided layers were made. It has been found that the use of active screens increases the surface layer thickness and depth of nitrogen diffusion into austenitic steel 304.

DECOLOURIZATION AND COD REMOVAL OF WASEWATER FROM ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM MOLASSES BY COAGULANTION USING INORGANIC ALUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Trung Duc Le
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Main Material

The industrial production of ethanol by fermentation using molasses as main material that generates large quantity of wastewater. This wastewater contains high levels of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD), that may causes serious environmental pollution. Most available treatment processes in Vietnam rely on biological methods, which often fail to treat waste water up to discharge standard. As always, it was reported that quality of treated wastewater could not meet Vietnameses discharge standard. So, it is necessary to improve the treatment efficiency of whole technological process and therefore, supplemental physico-chemical treatment step before biodegradation stage should be the appropriate choice. This study was carried out to assess the effect of coagulation process on decolourization and COD removal in molasses-based ethanol production wastewater using inorganic coaglutant under laboratory conditions. The experimental results showed that the reductions of COD and colour with the utilization of Al2(SO4)3 at pH 9.5 were 83% and 70%, respectively. Mixture FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 at pH 8.5 reduced 82% of colour and 70% of COD. With the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM), the reduction efficiencies of colour, COD and turbidity by FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 were 87%, 73.1% and 94.1% correspondingly. It was indicated that PAM significantly reduced the turbidity of wastewater, however it virtually did not increase the efficiencies of colour and COD reduction. Furthermore, the coagulation processes using PAM usually produces a mount of sludge which is hard to be deposited.

Effect of silver nitrate on some mechanical properties of heat polymerizing acrylic resins

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Assiss. Prof. Dr. Sabiha Mahdi Mahdi ◽  
Dr. Firas Abd K. Abd K.
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
The Difference

Aim: The aimed study was to evaluate the influence of silver nitrate on surfacehardness and tensile strength of acrylic resins.Materials and methods: A total of 60 specimens were made from heat polymerizingresins. Two mechanical tests were utilized (surface hardness and tensile strength)and 4 experimental groups according to the concentration of silver nitrate used.The specimens without the use of silver nitrate were considered as control. Fortensile strength, all specimens were subjected to force till fracture. For surfacehardness, the specimens were tested via a durometer hardness tester. Allspecimens data were analyzed via ANOVA and Tukey tests.Results: The addition of silver nitrate to acrylic resins reduced significantly thetensile strength. Statistically, highly significant differences were found among allgroups (P≤0.001). Also, the difference between control and experimental groupswas highly significant (P≤0.001). For surface hardness, the silver nitrate improvedthe surface hardness of acrylics. Highly significant differences were statisticallyobserved between control and 900 ppm group (P≤0.001); and among all groups(P≤0.001)with exception that no significant differences between control and150ppm; and between 150ppm and 900ppm groups(P>0.05).Conclusion: The addition of silver nitrate to acrylics reduced significantly the tensilestrength and improved slightly the surface hardness.

Effect of light intensity and water aging on surface hardness of dental resin-composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1007-1014
Author(s):  
Tong XU ◽  
◽  
Jia-Hui ZHANG ◽  
Zhao-Ying LIU ◽  
Xuan LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
Dental Resin Composites ◽  
Effect Of Light

Behavior of copper in CdGeAs2 crystals

2002 ◽  
Vol 719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy G. Voevodin ◽  
Olga V. Voevodina ◽  
Svetlana A. Bereznaya ◽  
Zoya V. Korotchenko ◽  
Melvin C. Ohmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Dependence ◽  
Saturation Solubility ◽  
Diffusion Temperature

AbstractWe present an investigation of the diffusion and melt doping of Cu in CdGeAs2. Cu was found to be an acceptor, its introduction in the melt allowed the controlled introduction of holes from ∼8·1016 cm-3 to ∼1·1018 cm -3. Introduction of Cu from the melt was also found to improve the homogeneity of the crystal. The saturation solubility of Cu introduced via diffusion doping was found to have an exponential dependence on the diffusion temperature, from 723 K to 873 K, obeying the equation N = N0 exp (- δH / kT) with the parameters N0 = 6.10+19 cm-3, δH = 0.3 eV, and k equal to Boltzman's constant. From 873 K to 923 K, the saturation solubility was found to decrease exponentially with temperature.

PEMANFAATAN KULIT KAYU GEMOR (Alseodaphne sp.) DAN CANGKANG KEMIRI (Aleurites molucca) UNTUK OBAT NYAMUK ALAMI

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Budi Tri Cahyana ◽  
Andri Taruna Rachmadi
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Chemical Compound ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Force Analysis ◽  
Mosquito Coil ◽  
Research Product ◽  
Economic View ◽  
Hazelnut Shell ◽  
Random Variance ◽  
Main Material

Blood fever and Chikungunya cases in Indonesia are increasing annually. For preventing the mosquios, people use mosquito coil which is contain dangerous chemical compound. This research has successly created a natural mosquito coil with gemor bark and hazelnut fruit shell as the main material. Gemor bark is positive containing alcaloid,tanin, phenolk, flvonoid, triterpnoid and glycocydic compounds which are natural bioinsecticide. As formulation the comparison of gemor bark and hazelnut shell as follow :100% : 0 %  ; 80 % : 20 % ; 65 % : 35 % ; 50 % : 50 % ; 35 % : 65% and 20 % : 80% were used. Base one random variance analysis, the best formula was the using of gemor bark in 50%, 35% and  20% of concentration. The mosquitos killing force analysis was using the LT50 for 6 days with 5 diferent concentrations. The result showed that 50 %  of gemor bark was significantly influenced in the killing force. From the economic view, the producion of this coil was cheaper then the same product in the maket. Base on all the result, the research product is applicable in mass producion and safe for human health and the environment.Keywords: gemor bark , hazelnut fruit shell ,  mosquito coil, natural ,  ecofriendly

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