scholarly journals Investigação de Ilhas de Calor em Brasília: Análise Multitemporal com Enfoque na Cobertura do Solo (Investigation of Heat Islands in Brasilia: Multi-Temporal Analysis with Focus on Land Cover)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Nickolas Castro Santana
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
City Center ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
The City

As questões relacionadas com o clima urbano tem se intensificado a partir da crescente urbanização imposta pelo sistema de desenvolvimento vigente. Um dos problemas gerados são as Ilhas de Calor, um aquecimento da superfície que tende a se formar em centros de cidades onde há intensa urbanização, sendo que a cidade de Brasília possuí as características básicas para a formação das mesmas. Para detectar a formação das ilhas de calor em Brasília foram utilizadas quatro imagens termais do satélite Landsat – 5, de 1987 á 2011. A partir da análise dos mapas de temperatura superficial foi possível perceber o constante aumento das temperaturas e abrangência das ilhas de calor em Brasília, fato este influenciado pela expansão urbana e intensificação do uso urbano, outro grande foco de calor foram as áreas de solo exposto que se apresentaram em certos casos com temperaturas maiores até mesmo que o centro da cidade, percebe-se portanto a necessidade de uma melhor gestão e planejamento das áreas urbanas para minimizar os impactos climáticos que tendem a se tornar cada vez mais significativos.    A B S T R A C T Issues related to urban climate has intensified from increasing urbanization imposed by the current development system. One of the problems generated are the heat islands, a warming of the surface that tends to form in city centers where there is intense urbanization, and the city of Brasilia possess the basic characteristics for forming the same. To detect the formation of heat islands in Brasilia the research used four thermal images of Landsat - 5, 1987 to 2011. Based on the analysis of the maps of temperature was possible to perceive the rising temperatures and breadth of heat islands in Brasilia, this fact influenced by urban expansion and intensification of urban use, another major focus of heat were the areas of exposed soil that performed in some cases with even higher temperatures than the city center, so realizes the need for better management and planning of urban areas to minimize climate impacts that are likely to become increasingly significant.   Keywords: Heat Islands; Thermal Sensor; Brasília; Land Use;  

scholarly journals Features of the formation of urban heat islands effects in tropical climates and their impact on the ecology of the city

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 05005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Tuan Le ◽  
Nguyen Anh Quan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Urban Climate ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
The City

The cumulative heating in some urban areas due to the urban growth and its types of industry, energy and transport, is the effect of urban heat island (UHI). It is recognized as one of the characteristics of the urban climate. The temperature increase caused by the effect (UHI) affects the energy flow in urban ecological systems, creates an unusual urban climate. By studying the effects of climate factors, local building materials to optimize energy efficiency, urban landscape, UHI phenomenon could be significantly moderated.

scholarly journals Análise multitemporal da expansão urbana de Maringá-PR durante o período de 1947 a 2014 envolvendo o Parque Municipal do Cinquentenário e as principais áreas verdes do município / Multitemporal analysis of urban expansion Maringá – PR during (...)

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (46) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Felipe Gomes Rubira
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Multitemporal Analysis ◽  
The City

<p>A hipótese desta pesquisa surge através da premissa de que a maioria das áreas verdes localizadas em municípios brasileiros acabam sendo alteradas negativamente pelo processo de expansão urbana e pelo aumento populacional. O objetivo da pesquisa é realizar uma análise multitemporal da expansão urbana relacionada com o aumento populacional de Maringá-PR que influenciaram na mudança da paisagem das áreas verdes do município, caracterizando por meio de períodos estabelecidos em décadas como foi sendo materializada a expansão da malha urbana em direção as áreas verdes. Concluiu-se que a urbanização acelerada do município começou a envolver as áreas verdes da cidade em todas as direções e os primeiros processos de degradação ambiental começaram a surgir, restando pequenas manchas de mata nativa. Verificou-se que os principais problemas ambientais do Parque Municipal do Cinquentenário coincidem com a aproximação da urbanização no entorno deles, em suas áreas limítrofes. Concluiu-se também, que a metodologia aplicada da análise multitemporal, mostrou-se eficiente quanto às avaliações temporais urbanas e ambientais, tornando-se ferramenta útil para um futuro plano de gestão ambiental dos órgãos governamentais responsáveis.</p><p><strong>Palavras-Chave:</strong> Análise multitemporal, expansão urbana, aumento populacional, degradação ambiental, áreas verdes.</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>The hypothesis of this research comes from the premise that the majority of green areas located in municipalities end up being changed negatively by the process of urban expansion and population increase. The objective of the research is to conduct a multi-temporal analysis of urban expansion related to the population increase of Maringa-PR that influenced the landscape change from green areas of the city, featuring through periods established for decades as it was being materialized the expansion of the urban fabric toward the green areas. It was concluded that the rapid urbanization of the city began to engage the green areas of the city in all directions and the first environmental degradation processes began to emerge, leaving small patches of native forest. It was found that the main environmental problems of the Cinquantenaire Park Municipal coincide with the approach of urbanization in their environment, in their neighboring areas. It was also concluded that the methodology applied in the multi-temporal analysis, proved efficient as to urban and environmental temporal ratings, becoming a useful tool for future environmental management plan of the responsible government agencies.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Multitemporal analysis, urban expansion, population increase, environmental degradation, green áreas.</p>

Spatial and Temporal Differences in Weekday Travel Durations Between Private-for-Hire Transportation Services and Transit in the City Center

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110197
Author(s):  
Baxter Shandobil ◽  
Ty Lazarchik ◽  
Kelly Clifton
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Network ◽  
Central City ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
City Center ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Level Information ◽  
The City

There is increasing evidence that ridehailing and other private-for-hire (PfH) services such as taxis and limousines are diverting trips from transit services. One question that arises is where and when PfH services are filling gaps in transit services and where they are competing with transit services that are publicly subsidized. Using weekday trip-level information for trips originating in or destined for the city center of Portland, OR from PfH transportation services (taxis, transportation network companies, limousines) and transit trip data collected from OpenTripPlanner, this study investigated the temporal and spatial differences in travel durations between actual PfH trips and comparable transit trips (the same origin–destination and time of day). This paper contributes to this question and to a growing body of research about the use of ridehailing and other on-demand services. Specifically, it provides a spatial and temporal analysis of the demand for PfH transportation using an actual census of trips for a given 2 week period. The comparison of trip durations of actual PfH trips to hypothetical transit trips for the same origin–destination pairs into or out of the central city gives insights for policy making around pricing and other regulatory frameworks that could be implemented in time and space.

scholarly journals A Model for Complex Subsidence Causality Interpretation Based on PS-InSAR Cross-Heading Orbits Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahaa Mohamadi ◽  
Timo Balz ◽  
Ali Younes
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rock Type ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
City Center ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Alexandria City ◽  
The City ◽  
Central South

Urban areas are subject to subsidence due to varying natural and anthropogenic causes. Often, subsidence is interpreted and correlated to a single causal factor; however, subsidence is usually more complex. In this study, we adopt a new model to distinguish different causes of subsidence in urban areas based on complexity. Ascending and descending Sentinel-1 data were analyzed using permanent scatterer interferometry (PS-InSAR) and decomposed to estimate vertical velocity. The estimated velocity is correlated to potential causes of subsidence, and modeled using different weights, to extract the model with the highest correlations among subsidence. The model was tested in Alexandria City, Egypt, based on three potential causes of subsidence: rock type, former lakes and lagoons dewatering (FLLD), and built-up load (BL). Results of experiments on the tested area reveal singular patterns of causal factors of subsidence distributed across the northeast, northwest, central south, and parts of the city center, reflecting the rock type of those areas. Dual causes of subsidence are found in the southwest and some parts of the southeast as a contribution of rock type and FLLD, whereas the most complex causes of subsidence are found in the southeast of the city, as the newly built-up areas interact with the rock type and FLLD to form a complex subsidence regime. Those areas also show the highest subsidence values among all other parts of the city. The accuracy of the final model was confirmed using linear regression analysis, with an R2 value of 0.88.

scholarly journals Identificação de Ilhas de Calor na Cidade de Campina Grande-PB Utilizando Sensoriamento Remoto (Identification of Heat Islands in Campina Grande City-PB Using Remote Sensing)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elânia Daniele Silva Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
The City

A intensa urbanização causa diversos problemas de natureza ambiental, climática e social. O crescimento não planejado da população urbana e a remoção da vegetação são fatores que intensificam estes problemas. As temperaturas na cidade são significativamente mais quentes do que as suas zonas rurais circundantes devido às atividades humanas. As intensas mudanças espaciais em áreas urbanas, promovem significativo aumento na temperatura, causando o chamado efeito de Ilha de Calor Urbano (ICU). Campina Grande é uma cidade de tamanho médio que experimentou um crescimento desordenado, desde o tempo do comércio de algodão e, como qualquer cidade de grande ou médio porte, sofre alterações em seu espaço. Dessa forma, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a variabilidade espaço-temporal da temperatura da superfície (Ts) e detectar ICU, através de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto. Para o efeito, foram utilizadas imagens dos satélites Landsat 5 e 8, dos anos de 1995, 2007 e 2014. Aumentos da Ts foram bem evidentes e foram detectadas duas ICU. Campina Grande mostra um padrão de tendência: o crescimento urbano não planejado é responsável por mudanças no ambiente físico e na forma e estrutura espacial da cidade, o que se reflete sobre o microclima e, em última análise, na qualidade de vida das pessoas.   ABSTRACT The intense urbanization causes several problems of environmental, climate and social nature. The unplanned growth of urban population and the vegetation removal are factors that deepen these problems. Temperatures in the city are significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities. Large spatial changes in urban areas promote significant increase in temperature, causing the so-called Urban Heat Island effect (UHI). Campina Grande is a medium-sized town that experienced an uncontrolled growth since the time of the cotton trade and like any large or medium-sized city, undergoes changes in its space. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze surface temperature spatial and temporal variability and to detect potential UHI, through remote sensing techniques. Spectral images from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites were used. Using images from years 1995, 2007 and 2014, considerable increases in temperature were identified and two UHI were recognize. Campina Grande shows a trend pattern: the urban unplanned growth is responsible for changes in the physical environment and in the form and spatial structure of the city, reflecting on people quality of life. Keywords: change detection, surface temperature, heat islands, urbanization.   

scholarly journals Remote Sensing in Predicting Development Patterns of Built-up Land

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Iqbal Eko Noviandi ◽  
Ramadhan Alvien Hanif ◽  
Hasanah Rahma Nur ◽  
Nandi
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Landsat Imagery ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
West Java ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Total Growth

Indonesia is a developing country whose construction and development are centered on the island of Java, especially in West Java Province. Sukabumi City is one of the areas in West Java. The development of urban areas is expanding due to various human needs to carry out the construction of buildings. Remote sensing that can be used to store developments with multi-temporal analysis with materials is Landsat imagery from 2001 to 2020. The method used is the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). The purpose of this study is to map the development of the built-up land from year to year and predict the following years. The results of the research on the significant changes in built-up land occurred between 2013-2020, while from 2001 to 2013 there was not much change. Based on the research results, the total growth of built-up land was 1.539% per year with a population growth rate of 1.4% per year. The results of the analysis show that the area of ​​land built in Sukabumi City in 2028 is 186,7194 km2 or has increased by 21,2808 km2 since 2020.

Quantifying Urban Sprawl With Spatial Autocorrelation Techniques Using Multi-Temporal Satellite Data

2019 ◽  
pp. 1624-1644
Author(s):  
Gabriele Nolè ◽  
Rosa Lasaponara ◽  
Antonio Lanorte ◽  
Beniamino Murgante
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Soil Consumption

This study deals with the use of satellite TM multi-temporal data coupled with statistical analyses to quantitatively estimate urban expansion and soil consumption for small towns in southern Italy. The investigated area is close to Bari and was selected because highly representative for Italian urban areas. To cope with the fact that small changes have to be captured and extracted from TM multi-temporal data sets, we adopted the use of spectral indices to emphasize occurring changes, and geospatial data analysis to reveal spatial patterns. Analyses have been carried out using global and local spatial autocorrelation, applied to multi-date NASA Landsat images acquired in 1999 and 2009 and available free of charge. Moreover, in this paper each step of data processing has been carried out using free or open source software tools, such as, operating system (Linux Ubuntu), GIS software (GRASS GIS and Quantum GIS) and software for statistical analysis of data (R). This aspect is very important, since it puts no limits and allows everybody to carry out spatial analyses on remote sensing data. This approach can be very useful to assess and map land cover change and soil degradation, even for small urbanized areas, as in the case of Italy, where recently an increasing number of devastating flash floods have been recorded. These events have been mainly linked to urban expansion and soil consumption and have caused loss of human lives along with enormous damages to urban settlements, bridges, roads, agricultural activities, etc. In these cases, remote sensing can provide reliable operational low cost tools to assess, quantify and map risk areas.

Quantifying Urban Expansion Using Landsat Images and Landscape Metrics: A Case Study of the Halton Region, Ontario

GEOMATICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyuan Qing ◽  
Hasti A. Petrosian ◽  
Sarah N. Fatholahi ◽  
Michael A. Chapman ◽  
Jonathan Li
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Supervised Learning Algorithms ◽  
Dramatic Rise ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Gis Software

Urbanization is considered as one of the main factors affecting global change. The Halton Region as part of the Great Toronto Area (GTA), is regarded as one of the fastest growing regions in Canada, generating 20% of national GDP. It is also one of the most desirable places for living and thriving business. This research attempts to assess the urban expansion in the Halton Region, Ontario, Canada from 1989 to 2019 using satellite images, analysis approaches and landscape metrics. Multi-temporal Landsat images, and the supervised learning algorithms in GIS software were used to explore the dynamic changes, and to classify the urban and non-urban areas. The temporal urban expansion in the Halton Region experienced a dramatic rise, and mainly occurred from the centre of the area. The analysis of landscape metrics based on different methods, including Land Use in Central Indiana (LUCI) model, Vegetation-Impervious Surface-soil (V-I-S) model, and the census data of Canada was carried out to understand the transition mode of the urbanization in the Halton Region. Also, the population growth in the centre of the Halton Region was considered as one of driven forces affecting urban expansion. The results showed that most of the landscape metrics rose between 1989 and 2019, indicating leapfrog pattern of urbanization occurred over the entire period. The contribution of this research is to evaluate the urbanization in the Halton Region, and give the city managers a clear mind to make appropriate decisions in further urban planning.

scholarly journals Periurbanization and conservation pressures over remnants of native vegetation: impact on ecosystem services for a Latin-American capital city

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco de la Barrera ◽  
Cristián Henríquez ◽  
Fanny Coulombié ◽  
Cynnamon Dobbs ◽  
Alejando Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Vegetation Impact ◽  
Development Alternatives ◽  
The City

Abstract Urban expansion in Latin-American cities is faster than urban planning. In order to implement sustainable planning the capacity of peri-urban areas to provide ecosystem services must be evaluated in the context of competing urbanization and conservation pressures. In this study we analyzed the effect of urban expansion on peri-urban vegetation of the Metropolitan Area of Santiago and what ecosystem services are provided by El Panul, land rich in biodiversity embedded in the fringe of the city. The city has lost vegetation while urbanized areas grow. Under this context, we evaluated the multi-functionality of El Panul through the quantification of three ecosystem services (ES): sense of place through the interviews of 60 residents, recreation via GIS analyses, and local climate regulation determined with air temperature measurements. El Panul increased the provision of urban green spaces, where inhabitants recognize and appreciate ES, and it plays a significant role in mitigating the urban heat island on summer nights. ES have emerged as a concept and framework for evaluating competing urban development alternatives.

scholarly journals Geographical Analysis of Ruralization Phenomenon in Rania City and Impact on Their Urban Enviroment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-109
Author(s):  
Bestun Ahmed Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Geography ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Urban Issues ◽  
Infrastructure Services ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
The Ideal

Ruralization of Urban areas is one of the most important topics of Urban Geography as it is one of the issues of urban areas and a major contributor to other urban issues; therefore, researchers need to look at this issue with caution. Ranya city has experienced this issue to a great extent mostly due to population growth and urban expansion. Ruralization has caused major issues such as infrastructure issues in terms of education, health, transportation and increased crime rates in different parts of the city. This research addresses this issue and aims to investigate the causes and characteristics of ruralization in Ranya city. This effort will help the local government to look for solution to address this issue. This research has used descriptive and analytical methods.The research concludes that ruralization has caused some drastic consequences when it comes to providing and delivering different public and infrastructure services. The paper recommends to authorities that preparing a master plan for the city would be the ideal resolution for this issue and other issues in the city.

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