scholarly journals Qualidade da Água, Carga Orgânica e de Nutrientes na Foz do Córrego da Cascata: Contribuição da Sub-Bacia para a Represa de Barra Bonita, Rio Tietê (SP) (Water Quality, Organic Loading and Nutrient Loading in the Mouth of Cascata Brook: The Subbasin...)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Ivalde Belluta ◽  
Sílvio Alexandre Jesus ◽  
Márcio Piedade Vieira ◽  
Nelita Maria Corrêa ◽  
Vera Lúcia Mores Rall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Two Samples

O estudo das cargas orgânica e de nutrientes de uma sub-bacia hidrográfica é importante para quantificar o fluxo de energia ao longo de um rio até que chegue a um reservatório ou uma barragem. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a carga orgânica (CO) e as cargas de nitrogênio (CN) e fósforo (CP) na foz da sub-bacia do córrego da Cascata e avaliar a qualidade da água e sua contribuição na eutrofização do reservatório de Barra Bonita (rio Tietê, SP). Foram coletadas mensalmente (de maio/2011 a junho/2012) amostras de água e medidas de vazão (V) na foz do córrego da Cascata, junto ao córrego Água Fria. Foram determinados o pH e as concentrações de carbono orgânico total (COT), nitrogênio total (NT), fósforo total (PT), oxigênio dissolvido (OD); a demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO5,20); a condutividade elétrica (CE); o cloreto (Cl). Foram realizadas análises microbiológica (coliformes termotolerantes (CT)) e estatística descritiva. Avaliou-se a influência do índice pluviométrico (IP) na vazão e nas cargas dos parâmetros analisados. A V média mensal na foz do córrego da Cascata foi de 81,5 L.s-1; a CO foi 1,35 g.s-1 ou 3,6 g.s-1 em OD; a CN, 0,21 g.s-1 e a CP, 0,007 g.s-1. A CE esteve acima do normal (100 uS/cm) em duas coletas, e a CT atingiu 1,1x105 NMP em uma amostragem. As sub-bacias contribuem para a eutrofização, e seu controle evita aumento de nutrientes em suas águas. O córrego da Cascata possui boa qualidade de água, e eventuais lançamentos de resíduos são facilmente assimilados e passíveis de controle.    A B S T R A C T The study of organic and nutrient loading of a subbasin is important to quantify the flow of energy along a river until it reaches a reservoir or dam. The goal of this study was to estimate the organic loading (OL) and the nitrogen (NL) and phosphorus (PL) loadings in the mouth of the subbasin of Cascata brook and assess the water quality and its contribution to the eutrophication of Barra Bonita Reservoir (Tietê River, São Paulo-Brazil). Water samples and flow measurements (F) were collected every month (from May/2011 to June/2012) at the mouth of Cascata brook. It were analyzed: the pH and total organic carbon concentration (TOC); the total nitrogen (TN); the total phosphorus (TP); the dissolved oxygen (DO); the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5,20); the electrical conductivity (EC); and the chloride (Cl). Microbiological analysis (thermotolerant coliforms (TC)) and descriptive statistics were performed. The influence of the precipitation index (PI) over the flow and over the parameters loads was analyzed. The average monthly V at the mouth of Cascata brook was 81,5 L.s-1; the OL was 1,35 g.s-1 or 3,6 g.s-1 in DO; the NL, 0,21 g.s-1 and the PL 0,007 g.s-1. The EC was above the standards (100 µS.cm-1) in two samples, and the TC reached 1,1.x.105 MPN in one of the samples. The subbasins contribute to the eutrophication and maintaining them prevents the increase of nutrients in their waters. The Cascata brook has good water quality, and any waste releases are easily assimilated and can be controlled. Keywords: Eutrophication, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus.  

Utilization of Waste from Para Rubber Industry to Produce Compost

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 762-767
Author(s):  
Wassana Taenkaew ◽  
Suhainee Samo ◽  
Prukraya Pongyeela ◽  
Juntima Chungsiriporn ◽  
Jutarut Pornpunyapat
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mixing Condition ◽  
Mixing Ratios

A survey of cooperative concentrated rubber latex industry in southern Thailand showed that most of them do not have adequate treatments for their wastes. Especially, skim latex serum (SS) with high source of ammonia is a main wastewater generated from their industries and concentrated latex sludge (CS) with high source of phosphorus is a main solid waste obtained from their industries. It was noted that both of the wastes cause environment problems. Water pollution and bad smell of NH3from these waste systems have also been generated and affected to human health. One low investment possibility is the elaboration of these wastes by composting because these wastes contain some nutrients (N, P, K) in available forms resulting in high potential to add value for fertilizer production. However, both of the wastes have a small amount of organic matter content that need to be mixed with other materials with high organic matter such as sawdust (SD). Thus, the aim of this research was to investigate the utilization of these wastes to produce compost. In this work, the SS, CS and SD were composted in specially designed composting vessel (6L) with various mixing ratios of the SS, CS and SD in order to examine the optimized mixing condition and physical properties of the compost. Each treatment was composted with 60 days of composting duration. The performance of composting process was analyzed in term of the following: temperature, pH, electric conductivity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and C/N ratio. The analysis of temperature, pH, and electric conductivity was measured every day while the analysis of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and C/N ratio was investigated every 10 days. According to the results, the optimized mixing ratio of SS, CS and SD for composting was 1:1:1. The final resultant compost was feasible for agricultural use. From the view point of compost qualities, it was in the range of the Thai compost standard with 7.91 of pH, 15.06 (%w/w) of total organic carbon, 1.24 (%w/w) of total nitrogen, 0.69 (%w/w) of total phosphorus and 21.6 of C/N ratio.

scholarly journals Effect of red algal bloom on growth and production of carps

Our Nature ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Ram Bhajan Mandal ◽  
Sunila Rai ◽  
Madhav Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Dilip Kumar Jha ◽  
Narayan Prasad Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Aquaculture Farm ◽  
Red Algal

An experiment was carried to assess the effect of red algal bloom on growth and production of carp, water quality and profit from carp for 120 days at Aquaculture Farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan. The experiment included two treatments: carp polyculture in non-red pond and carp polyculture in red pond with algal bloom each with three replicates. Carp fingerlings were stocked at 1 fish/m2 and fed with pellet containing 24% CP at 3% body weight. Net yield of rohu was found significantly higher (p<0.05) in non-red ponds (0.38±0.01 t ha-1) than red ponds (0.24±0.05 t ha-1). Survival of rohu (84.9±1.4%), bighead (95.2±2.0%) and mrigal (88.1±14.4%) were also significantly higher (p<0.05) in non-red ponds than red ponds. Red algal bloom affected DO, nitrate and chlorophyll-a, nitrite, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total dissolved solids and conductivity. However, overall carp production and profit from carp remained unaffected.

scholarly journals Quality of surface water related to land use: a case study in a catchment with small farms and intensive vegetable crop production in southern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 656-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Hacke Ribeiro ◽  
Nerilde Favaretto ◽  
Jeferson Dieckow ◽  
Luiz Cláudio de Paula Souza ◽  
Jean Paolo Gomes Minella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Particulate Nitrogen

Water degradation is strongly related to agricultural activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of land use and some environmental components on surface water quality in the Campestre catchment, located in Colombo, state of Parana, Brazil. Physical and chemical attributes were analyzed (total nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate, total phosphorus, electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, turbidity, total solids, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and dissolved oxygen). Monthly samples of the river water were taken over one year at eight monitoring sites, distributed over three sub-basins. Overall, water quality was worse in the sub-basin with a higher percentage of agriculture, and was also affected by a lower percentage of native forest and permanent preservation area, and a larger drainage area. Water quality was also negatively affected by the presence of agriculture in the riparian zone. In the summer season, probably due to higher rainfall and intensive soil use, a higher concentration of total nitrogen and particulate nitrogen was observed, as well as higher electrical conductivity, pH and turbidity. All attributes, except for total phosphorus, were in compliance with Brazilian Conama Resolution Nº 357/2005 for freshwater class 1. However, it should be noted that these results referred to the base flow and did not represent a discharge condition since most of the water samples were not collected at or near the rainfall event.

scholarly journals One-step Oxidation of Total Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorous using Wet Chemical Oxidation

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 603-609
Author(s):  
Jeong-Hwan Choi ◽  
Dong-Hun Shin ◽  
Hye-Bin Kim ◽  
Jong-Gook Kim ◽  
Kitae Baek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Suitable Condition ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Total Phosphorous ◽  
Wet Chemical

Objective:This study proposed the simultaneous multi-oxidation of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous using modified wet chemical oxidation method.Methods:The multi oxidation process was based on the dual radical system with sulfate and hydroxyl radicals. The sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were activated at 40℃ and UV irradiation with 254 nm to generate the sulfate radical and hydroxyl radical. The organic matters were oxidized by the dual radicals, and TOC, TN, and TP values were compared with the control group.Results and Discussion:The dual radical system oxidized organic carbon to carbon dioxide effectively, and the TOC values were similar to the value obtained from the high-temperature combustion technique. However, the residual persulfate after oxidation process interfered the absorbance for TN and inhibit the complexation in TP measurement. The residual persulfate was effectively converted to sulfate by longer heating and UV irradiation, and the interferences were more sensitive to reaction temperature than UV irradiation time. As a result, a higher temperature condition was more effective and enhanced the applicability of multi-oxidation.Conclusions:The multi oxidation of TOC, TN, and TP was demonstrated by wet chemical oxidation, and the proposed method is expected to secure the sample and reduce the analytic time. However, the more suitable condition to enhance the accuracy of TOC, TN, and TP in the multi-oxidation system should be studied further.

Assessment of Freshwater Inflow and Water Quality for an Urbanized, Subtropical Estuary (Lake Worth Lagoon, Florida, USA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Christopher Buzzelli ◽  
Zhiqiang Chen ◽  
Peter Doering ◽  
Amanda Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Freshwater Inflow ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Palm Beach County

Abstract Coastal water bodies are impacted by watershed alterations, increased population density, modifications to inlets and shorelines, climatic periodicity, and increases in external material loads. Estuaries such as Lake Worth Lagoon (LWL) in south Florida possess all these attributes. The LWL watershed extends from the southeastern portion of Lake Okeechobee through Palm Beach County, where it meets the lagoon. Palm Beach County Department of Environmental Resources Management recognizes the social and ecological importance of the ~36 km lagoon and aims to maintain suitable water and habitat quality for all stakeholders. Recent declines and shifts of seagrass distribution along the lagoon prompted a step toward better understanding the water quality patterns of the system. In support of these efforts, this study assessed bathymetry, inflow, flushing, and water quality attributes (chlorophyll a, salinity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total suspended solids, turbidity) using data collected along a series of 14 midlagoon stations from 2007 to 2015. Salinity in the North Segment was higher and less variable because of proximity to Palm Beach Inlet. Although concentrations of chlorophyll a, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus correlated with freshwater inflow, turbidity and total suspended solids were not. Fast flushing of the lagoon on a scale of days likely precludes water quality issues common to many estuaries with higher resident times. However, the combination of landscape-scale water management, a shoreline that is almost 70% modified by hard structures, and changes in essential nearshore habitats, introduces new levels of uncertainty to both the understanding and management of LWL. From this study, increased knowledge of relationships among water quality parameters and their spatial and temporal variability in LWL provides points of reference from which targeted studies can be developed to explore links between environmental parameters and responses of key organisms in this unique system.

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