scholarly journals The Interconnectedness between Institutional Quality, Civil War and Institutional Reform: A Case Study of Nepalese Maoist Civil War

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Saroj Kumar Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Made In

Various factors trigger civil war, depending on the society and stages of political development. But analyzing it through the quality of an institution or some provisions of institutions may lead to a possible cause of a civil war. Thus, the primary objective of this article is to investigate institutional quality and its role in triggering a civil war. This paper argues that there is interconnectedness between institutional quality, civil war, and institutional reforms, which occurs as a series of events. Although the article provides many examples, in the second section, the case study of Nepalese decade-long civil war and post-civil war institutional reform has been presented to back the argument made in the paper. By discussing various dynamics of historical institutionalism, the paper mainly analyzes the primary and secondary sources.

Can foreign aid motivate institutional reform? An evaluation of the HIPC Initiative

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Tam Schlosky ◽  
Andrew Young
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Poor Country ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hipc Initiative

Purpose A number of political economy concerns are associated with the provision of foreign aid to developing economies. These concerns suggest that foreign aid is likely to have harmful effects on a recipient’s institutional quality, and that attempts to give aid conditional on policy and institutional reforms are unlikely to succeed. Established in 1996, the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) Initiative is a comprehensive, structured attempt to provide multilateral foreign aid conditional on reforms in recipient countries. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate its effectiveness at affecting institutional reform in participating countries. Design/methodology/approach The authors document how participating countries fared in terms of the quality of their policies and institutions. The authors employ the Fraser Institute’s Economic Freedom of the World index as a measure of economic institutions, and the Freedom House political rights (PR) and civil liberties indices as measures of PR and protections. Based on these measures, the authors report unconditional statistics (e.g. average changes) and also regressions of changes in the measures on HIPC Initiative aid allocations and other controls. Findings The authors find that most participating countries experienced either meager increases or outright decreases in institutional quality. The regression results provide no evidence that the Initiative affects meaningful reforms. Originality/value The potential for foreign aid to have deleterious effects on the institutional quality of recipient countries has been of increasing concern to students of economic development. Such effects can have important implications for entrepreneurial activity in these countries. The HIPC Initiative is specifically designed to acknowledge and, indeed, overcome these concerns, leading to actual increases in institutional quality of recipient countries. To the authors’ knowledge, this work is the first to assess whether the promise of the HIPC Initiative is being fulfilled.

scholarly journals The Quality of Life of Suburbanities: A Case Study of the Gdańsk Agglomeration

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Masik
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Made In

The Quality of Life of Suburbanities: A Case Study of the Gdańsk Agglomeration The article explains the meaning of the concept of ‘quality of life’, placing emphasis on its subjective dimension. As the concept is more and more discussed in the literature, the author intends to examine the satisfaction within public spaces for which local government is responsible. According to research made in Canada it is worth measuring not only satisfaction as such but also the importance of its constituent dynamics. Therefore, a survey made in the suburbs of the Gdańsk agglomeration asked respondents about their satisfaction with public transport, roads, environment, etc., including questions about the relative importance of such issues. The combination of satisfaction and importance provide the overall quality of life. At the end of the paper the author considers if there is a chance to improve the quality of life through a brief analysis of local governments expenditure.

scholarly journals Setting Planning Standards for Public Facilities in a City: A Case Study of Ward 50 of Dhaka City Corporation

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
Mohammad Atikul Islam
Keyword(s):  
School Facilities ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Made In

Availability of different types of public facilities within an urban area is required to achieve specific objectives in urban planning. Planning standards are necessary in such cases to help achieve the adequacy and quality in services and facilities. To improve the situation in rapid and unplanned growth of Dhaka city both in terms of population and size, it demands a large amount of public facilities such as open spaces, playgrounds, schools, hospitals etc. School is an important public facility that requires setting standards and choosing appropriate locations. Standard of school facilities in an area depends upon factors such as, density of population, number of per family school going children, road network etc. This paper explores the existing facilities of primary and secondary schools for school going children in Ward 50 of Dhaka City Corporation. A series of field survey were conducted in order to collect information from primary sources, and standards on school facilities were collected from secondary sources. Based on the findings, suggestions on future planning of school facilities have been made in this paper. Finally, to justify the standards for schools facilities, DMDP planning standards are followed.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbip.v2i0.9577Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners Vol. 2, December 2009, pp. 169-178

scholarly journals Latest Development on Pulsed Laser Deposited Thin Films for Advanced Luminescence Applications

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Simon N. Ogugua ◽  
Odireleng Martin Ntwaeaborwa ◽  
Hendrik C. Swart
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Basic Operation ◽  
Deposition Parameters ◽  
Deposition Techniques ◽  
Made In

Currently, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a widely used technique to grow thin films for academic research and for industrial applications. The PLD has superior advantages including versatility, control over the growth rate, stoichiometric transfer and unlimited degree of freedom in the ablation geometry compared to other deposition techniques. The primary objective of this review is to revisit the basic operation mechanisms of the PLD and discuss recent modifications of the technique aimed at enhancing the quality of thin films. We also discussed recent progress made in the deposition parameters varied during preparation of luminescent inorganic oxide thin films grown using the PLD technique, which include, among others, the substrate temperature. The advanced technological applications and different methods for film characterization are also discussed. In particular, we pay attention to luminescence properties, thickness of the films and how different deposition parameters affect these properties. The advantages and shortcomings of the technique are outlined.

scholarly journals Motivators of Construction Workers in the South African Construction Sites: A Case Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 625-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thwala W.D
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
South African ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Management Context

Construction industry involves laborious and hazard work because of its demands it requires energetic and enthusiastic people and this are the attributes that in most cases young people poses. Construction industry stakeholder should shift their attention and prioritize the motivation of its workers since the industry has a way of cubing poverty and uplifting the county’s economy. This study used data from both primary and secondary sources a special focus on leadership and human resource management context. A survey was conducted with managers and employees regarding motivation on construction site were conducted at different parts of Gauteng. Furthermore, employees work because they obtain something that they need from work and that something obtained from work impacts morale, employee motivation, and the quality of life. Workforce motivation affects productivity. Because most of the activities are done under difficult conditions including harsh weather conditions, to make it attractive employees should be motivated to carry out different activities. Motivators should be in place to improve the chances of the industry’s competitiveness both locally and internationally.

scholarly journals Zwinne szacowanie pracochłonności w projektach programistycznych – studium przypadków

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Łabędzki ◽  
Patryk Promiński ◽  
Adam Rybicki ◽  
Marcin Wolski
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Correct Estimation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Made In

Aim:Aim: The purpose of this paper is to identify common mistakes and pitfalls as well as best practices in estimating labor intensity in software projects. The quality of estimations in less experienced teams is often unsatisfactory, as a result of which estimation as part of the software development process is abandoned. The decision is usually justified by misunderstanding "agility". This article is part of the discussion on current trends in estimation, especially in the context of the new "no estimates" approach.Design / Research methods: The publication is a case study based on the experience of a mature development team. The author, on the basis of literature-based estimation techniques, shows good and bad practices, as well as common mistakes in thinking and behavior.Conclusions / findings: The key to correct estimation is: understanding the difference between labor intensity and time, ability to monitor performance, as well as how to analyze staff requirements for the team.Originality / value of the article: The publication helps to master confidence-boosting techniques for any estimation (duration, and indirectly, the cost of software development) where requirements are known, but mainly at the stage of project implementation (design and implementation).Limitations of the research: The work does not address the problems of initial estimation of projects, i.e. the estimation made in the early stages of planning.

scholarly journals Advances in the Coordination between the Cadastre and Land Registry

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Carmen Femenia-Ribera ◽  
Gaspar Mora-Navarro ◽  
Jose Carlos Martinez-Llario
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Current System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

A necessary and effective coordination between cadastre and land registry has always existed in Spain, but the difficulties have only been specifically addressed in the last few years. The aim of this study is to illustrate, analyse, and evaluate advances in this coordination in Spain from the beginnings of the current system in the early twentieth century, with the cadastre and land registry operating as separate organisations. A preliminary study was made in 2002 of the difficulties that needed to be overcome to achieve an ideal coordination of mainly mapped information. The study was made by gathering and analysing the opinions of various specialists who have dealt with the issue of coordination. For this research, qualitative information (current and historical) was gathered by querying documents about cadastre and land registry coordination in Spain. This information was studied and compared to identify the problems and challenges. A survey in 2012 analysed the relationship between the cadastre and land registry from the point of view of the general public in the city of Gandia. The Spanish government enacted the first specific and effective legislation on coordination in 2015 (Act 13/2015), and much has changed since its introduction. During the last five years of application, each of the problems initially highlighted has been monitored and analysed, and the difficulties that have arisen have been noted. In this study, each of these problems and challenges is analysed from various perspectives: querying documents (norms, budgets, official news, etc.), websites, digital applications, observation, and interviews. The main results of the case study in Spain are as follows: coordination is generally indispensable and cannot be postponed; there is a difficult understanding between the organisations involved; the general public associate the word “cadastre” with taxes and not with security in the demarcation of property; political will and understanding is necessary; the process is slow and requires long-term agreements; an improvement in the quality of maps is fundamental; and technology is not a problem.

Operaestate Festival Veneto, A socio cultural and economic analysis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisella Carnelli
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Dance Music ◽  
Media Management ◽  
Contemporary Theatre ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

Bassano Operaestate Festival Veneto has presented more than four hundred shows in castles, parks, palaces, villas, squares and museums in thirty municipalities of the region of Veneto in the North East of Italy. The festival hosts artists and productions from all over the world, ranging from contemporary theatre to the most innovative international dance, music, opera, classical, jazz and art films. The diversity, breadth and quality of its programmes are its greatest strengths. The primary objective of the festival is to enable large audiences to experience the performing arts in its many different forms, and to do so through a programme of cultural animation across the entire region. This case study of Bassano Operaestate aims to provide a picture of the effects produced by the festival with over three decades of activity, in an area that has experienced vibrant and dynamic growth in the industrial, creative, artistic and cultural sectors, especially in recent years. The research study was commissioned by the festival and carried out by Fondazione Fitzcarraldo (FF). FF is an independent centre, based in Turin, for planning, research, training and documentation on cultural, arts and media management, eco- nomics and policies, at the service of those who create, practice, take part in, produce, promote and support arts and cultural activities.

scholarly journals Post-War Conflict in Sri Lanka: Violence against Sri Lankan Muslims and Buddhist Hegemony

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 109-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Aliff
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Post War

Following the end of the thirty years old civil war in Sri Lanka, there were expectations that the post‐war period would usher in peace, development and reconciliation. The last four years have witnessed several positive developments including resettlement of people and rehabilitation of infrastructure. Nonetheless there are range of problems and policy gaps that have hindered the transition from war to sustainable peace. A key post-war challenge is that of violence against religious sites and members of religious communities. More recently, from last year, there has been an unprecedented level of violent attacks, demonstrations and hate speech targeting Sri Lanka’s Muslim population. It noted a ‘sharp uptick’ in religiously-motivated violence and said the authorities are ‘passively and sometimes actively’ condoning extremist Buddhist groups, Mainly perpetrated by Buddhist-fascist fundamentalist groups, such as the ‘Bodu Bala Sena’ or ‘Buddhist power force’ and the Hela Urmaya or Sinhala Heritage Party are the main groups behind these targeting of Muslims.The events have left the country’s second largest minority community - the Muslims feeling afraid and vulnerable which forcing a concerted campaign against them. In addition to attacks on places of religious worship there are calls to boycott Muslim shops and establishments, all of which is increasing tensions, particularly in areas where Muslims and Sinhalese live close to each other. These were virtually programmed by some prominent and influential personalities in governing circles, besides others who had a vested interest in seeing Sri Lanka imploding amid heightening ‘communal tensions.’On this context, this study focuses on the recent incident of violence against Muslims in Sri Lanka. The primary objective of this study is to examine the motive for violence against Muslims as well as impact of the violence. The fundamental questions of this research are the following: why does post-war violence and hate propaganda arise against Muslim in Sri Lanka? In which ways the violence against minorities, particularly Muslims impact on reconciliation process? And why does Buddhist nationalist hegemony arise soon after civil war in Sri Lanka? This study is based on an interpretive approach. The data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. In addition to primary sources, qualitative interviews were conducted with selected specialist on this particular research area. I conclude that after end of war against LTTE by government of Sri Lanka, religious tension has been increased in the recent past and the government’s reluctance even to take firm action against to perpetrators which would be helpful in restoring the rule of law and security of Sri Lankan minorities has been a big hurdle in the post-conflict situation and government are perceived to serve only the Buddhist side and to marginalize those holding legitimate grievances.

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