Effect of water salt composition on oil spill dispersant efficiency determined in laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
K. Ossipov ◽  
D. I. Panyukova ◽  
T. V. Mokochunina ◽  
M. V. Trukhina ◽  
T. A. Maryutina
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Salt Composition ◽  
Good Convergence ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Three Samples

The effect of the salt composition of water (model aqueous solutions of NaCl and artificial sea salt Instant Ocean, as well as water from the Pechora Sea) on the effectiveness of oil spill dispersants determined in laboratory conditions is studied. The efficiency of dispersants (Finasol OSR 52, Slickgone NS and Slickgone EW) was evaluated three samples of crude oil produced in the Russian Federation. Those oil samples of different composition and properties were used at fixed values of the dispersant-oil ratio  (1:10), water temperature (20 ± 2°C) and salinity (35 ± 2%). It is shown that the effectiveness of the oil spill disper­sant depends on  the nature (composition) of water in which the oil is dispersed, other things being the same. An anomalous behavior of one of the oil samples was found when it was dispersed in an aqueous so­ lution of NaCl under the action of Finasol OSR 52 and Slickgone EW Good convergence of the numerical values of the efficiency of dispersants was obtained when testing them in an aqueous solution of artificial sea salt Instant Ocean and in the water of the Pechora Sea. It is noted that to assess the effectiveness of dispersants in laboratory conditions, it is advisable to use water of the natural object in which this disper­sant is planned to be used. Moreover, the possibility of using an aqueous solution of the artificial salt when its salt composition is similar to that for real sea water was noted.

scholarly journals Application of asymmetric dicationic ionic liquids for oil spill remediation in sea water

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 103123
Author(s):  
C.E. El shafiee ◽  
R.A. El-Nagar ◽  
M.I. Nessim ◽  
M.M.H. Khalil ◽  
M.E. Shaban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Dicationic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Oil Spill Remediation

scholarly journals Inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer: a critical review

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2963-3050 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sander ◽  
W. C. Keene ◽  
A. A. P. Pszenny ◽  
R. Arimoto ◽  
G. P. Ayers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Sea Salt Aerosol

Abstract. The cycling of inorganic bromine in the marine boundary layer (mbl) has received increased attention in recent years. Bromide, a constituent of sea water, is injected into the atmosphere in association with sea-salt aerosol by breaking waves on the ocean surface. Measurements reveal that supermicrometer sea-salt aerosol is depleted in bromine by about 50% relative to conservative tracers, whereas marine submicrometer aerosol is often enriched in bromine. Model calculations, laboratory studies, and field observations strongly suggest that these depletions reflect the chemical transformation of particulate bromide to reactive inorganic gases that influence the processing of ozone and other important constituents of marine air. However, currently available techniques cannot reliably quantify many \\chem{Br}-containing compounds at ambient concentrations and, consequently, our understanding of inorganic Br cycling over the oceans and its global significance are uncertain. To provide a more coherent framework for future research, we have reviewed measurements in marine aerosol, the gas phase, and in rain. We also summarize sources and sinks, as well as model and laboratory studies of chemical transformations. The focus is on inorganic bromine over the open oceans, excluding the polar regions. The generation of sea-salt aerosol at the ocean surface is the major tropospheric source producing about 6.2 Tg/a of bromide. The transport of  Br from continents (as mineral aerosol, and as products from biomass-burning and fossil-fuel combustion) can be of local importance. Transport of degradation products of long-lived Br-containing compounds from the stratosphere and other sources contribute lesser amounts. Available evidence suggests that, following aerosol acidification, sea-salt bromide reacts to form Br2 and BrCl that volatilize to the gas phase and photolyze in daylight to produce atomic Br and Cl. Subsequent transformations can destroy tropospheric ozone, oxidize dimethylsulfide (DMS) and hydrocarbons in the gas phase and S(IV) in aerosol solutions, and thereby potentially influence climate. The diurnal cycle of gas-phase \\Br and the corresponding particulate Br deficits are correlated. Higher values of Br in the gas phase during daytime are consistent with expectations based on photochemistry. Mechanisms that explain the widely reported accumulation of particulate Br in submicrometer aerosols are not yet understood. We expect that the importance of inorganic Br cycling will vary in the future as a function of both increasing acidification of the atmosphere (through anthropogenic emissions) and climate changes. The latter affects bromine cycling via meteorological factors including global wind fields (and the associated production of sea-salt aerosol), temperature, and relative humidity.

scholarly journals LACIS-measurements and parameterization of sea-salt particle hygroscopic growth and activation

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 11511-11544
Author(s):  
D. Niedermeier ◽  
F. Stratmann ◽  
H. Wex ◽  
E. Brüggemann ◽  
A. Kiselev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Hygroscopic Growth ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Salt Particle ◽  
Aerosol Cloud ◽  
Salt Sample ◽  
Kohler Theory ◽  
Ionic Density

Abstract. The Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS) was used to investigate the hygroscopic growth and activation of sea-salt particles which were generated from three different sea-water samples. Köhler theory was utilized to model the hygroscopic growth of these particles. Some parameters used in this model are unknown for sea-salt. These parameters are combined in an "ionic density" ρion. For each sea-salt sample an average ρion was determined by fitting the Köhler equation to the data from the hygroscopic growth measurements. LACIS was also used to measure the activation of the sea-salt particles at three different supersaturations: 0.10%, 0.16% and 0.30%. A CCN-closure was tested by calculating the critical diameters Dcrit for the sea-salt particles at these supersaturations, using the Köhler model and the corresponding ρion as derived from the hygroscopic growth data. These calculated critical diameters were compared to the measured ones. Measured and calculated values of Dcrit agree within the level of uncertainty. Based on this successful closure, a new parameterization to describe sea-salt-particle hygroscopic growth (at RH>95%) and activation has been developed.

Application of magnetic separation for oil spill remediation and recovery in Kuwait sea water

2021 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Rana Malhas ◽  
Yaqoub Al-Ibrahim ◽  
Abdullah Al-Meraj ◽  
Hanan Abdullah ◽  
Abdulaziz Alshatti
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Separation ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Oil Spill Remediation

XXXIII. Some experiments and researches on the saline contents of sea-water, undertaken with a view to correct and improve its chemical analysis

1822 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 448-456 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Sufficient Accuracy ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
The Earth

In a paper on the temperature and saltness of various seas, which the Royal Society did me the honour to publish in their Transactions for the year 1819, I threw out a conjecture, that the sea might contain minute quantities of every substance in nature, which is soluble in water. For the ocean having communication with every part of the earth through the rivers, all of which ultimately pour their waters into it; and soluble substances, even such as are theoretically incom­patible with each other, being almost in every instance capable of co-existing in solution, provided the quantities be very minute, I could see no reason why the ocean should not be a general receptacle of all bodies which can be held in solution. And although it will appear from the following account, that I have been unsuccessful in some of my attempts to prove the truth of this conjecture, it may fairly be ascribed either to a want of sufficient accuracy in our present methods of chemical analysis, or of the requisite degree of skill in the operator. Some time after the communication to which I have just referred, an extraordinary statement was pointed out to me, upon the authority of Rouelle, a French chemist of the last century, from which it appeared that mercury was contained in sea salt: and I saw soon after in the ‘ Annales du Musée ,' Vol. VII. a paper by the celebrated chemist Proust, who, in a great measure, confirmed that statement, by announcing that he had found traces of mercury in all the specimens of marine acid which he had examined.

Adsorptive Removal of Pb(II) Ion from Aqueous Solution Using Rice Husk-Based Activated Carbon

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Faisal Taha ◽  
Ahmad S. Rosman ◽  
Maizatul S. Shaharun
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Adsorption Studies ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Equilibrium Data

The potential of rice husk-based activated carbon as an alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution was investigated. Rice husk-based activated carbon was preparedviachemical activation process using NaOH followed by the carbonization process at 500°C. Morphological analysis was conducted using field-emission scanning electron microscope /energy dispersive X-ray (FESEM/EDX) on three samples, i.e. raw rice husk, rice husk treated with NaOH and rice husk-based activated carbon. These three samples were also analyzed for their C, H, N, O and Si contents using CHN elemental analyzer and FESEM/EDX. The textural properties of rice husk-based activated carbon, i.e. surface area (253 m2/g) and pore volume (0.17 cm2/g), were determined by N2adsorption. The adsorption studies using rice husk-based activated carbon as an adsorbent to remove Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution were carried out at a fixed initial concentration of Pb (II) ion (150 ppm) with varying adsorbent dose as a function of contact time at room temperature. The concentration of Pb (II) ion was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The removal of Pb (II) ion from aqueous solution increased from 35 % to 82 % when the amount of rice husk-based activated carbon was increased from 0.05 g to 0.30 g. The equilibrium data obtained from adsorption studies was found to fit both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Study of Hydrolysis Reactions in Aqueous Solution fromAb InitioPotential and Molecular Dynamics Simulations

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tolosa ◽  
A. Hidalgo ◽  
J. A. Sansón
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

A procedure for the theoretical study of chemical reactions in solution by means of molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous solution at infinite dilution is described usingab initiosolute-solvent potentials and TIP3P water model to describe the interactions. The procedure is applied to the study of neutral hydrolysis of various molecules (HCONH2, HNCO, HCNHNH2, and HCOOCH3) via concerted and water-assisted mechanisms. We used the solvent as a reaction coordinate and the free energy curves for the calculation of the properties related with the reaction mechanism, namely, reaction and activation energies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document