FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAIN MUSCLES SHOULDER GIRDLE OF THE AXIAL DEPARTMENT YOUNG SHEEP OF THE QIGAI BREED

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
V.I. KOSILOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Axial Section ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscles

The article presents the results of studying the growth and development of the shoulder girdle muscles of the axial section of young sheep of the qigai breed, depending on the gender and physiological state.

Dystrophinopathies and Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (04) ◽  
pp. 262-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sarkozy ◽  
Mariacristina Scoto ◽  
Francesco Muntoni ◽  
Joana Domingos
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Muscular Dystrophies ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscles ◽  
Independent Ambulation ◽  
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy

AbstractMuscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases. The natural history of these disorders along with their management have changed mainly due to a better understanding of their pathophysiology, the evolution of standards of care, and new treatment options. Dystrophinopathies include both Duchenne's and Becker's muscular dystrophies, but in reality they are a spectrum of muscle diseases caused by mutations in the gene that encodes the protein dystrophin. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy is the most common form of inherited muscle disease of childhood. The current standards of care considerably prolong independent ambulation and survival. Several therapeutic options either aiming at substituting/correcting the primary protein defect or limiting the progression of the dystrophic process are currently being explored in clinical trials.Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) are rare and heterogeneous conditions, characterized by weakness and wasting of the pelvic and shoulder girdle muscles. Originally classified into dominant and recessive, > 30 genetic forms of LGMDs are currently recognized. Further understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of LGMD will help identifying novel therapeutic approaches that can be tested in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Electromyographic Evaluation of the Shoulder Muscle after a Fatiguing Isokinetic Protocol in Recreational Overhead Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2516
Author(s):  
Sebastian Klich ◽  
Adam Kawczyński ◽  
Bogdan Pietraszewski ◽  
Matteo Zago ◽  
Aiguo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Rotation ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Shoulder Injury ◽  
Overhead Athletes ◽  
Upper Trapezius ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscles ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Right

The goal of our study was to examine the muscle activity of the shoulder girdle after isokinetic fatigue, which may simulate muscle activities commonly occurring during specific sport-related activities in recreational overhead asymptomatic athletes. We hypothesized that exercise-induced fatigue, reported after isokinetic protocols, may cause a decrease in the median frequency (MF) of the upper trapezius (UT), infraspinatus (IS), and deltoid muscles. Twenty-four male overhead volleyball (n = 8), handball (n = 8), and tennis (n = 8) athletes participated in this study. All subjects were without shoulder injury history. The surface electromyography (SEMG) was collected on the right (dominant) side of the shoulder girdle muscles in the following order: UT, IS and anterior (DA), and posterior deltoideus (DP). The fatigue protocol consisted of three sets of 32 maximum isokinetic concentric contractions while performing shoulder internal and external rotation at an isokinetic speed of 120 o/s. The resultant difference in median frequency (ΔMF) values consistently dropped after the fatiguing tasks across all recorded muscles, in terms of the initial MF (MFINI = 65.1 ± 1.1 Hz) and final MF (MFFIN = 57.9 ± 0.9 Hz), and the main effect of time was significant (F(1,22) = 43.15, p < 0.001). MF values decreased mostly for IS (ΔMFIS = −9.9 ± 1.6 Hz) and DP (ΔMFPD = −9.5 ± 1.9 Hz) muscles, while DA and UT showed smaller changes (ΔMFDA = −6.9 ± 1.5 Hz) and (ΔMFUT = −3.2 ± 1.3 Hz). The results of our study show a meaningful contribution in determining increased fatigue of the shoulder girdle muscles during repeated isokinetic internal-external rotation protocols. We have also demonstrated a significant decrease in MF in all examined muscles, especially IS and DA.

scholarly journals The Resource-saving technology of growing repair young stock

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
M. Lutsenko ◽  
I. Kudlay
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Recreation Area ◽  
Milk Substitutes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Positive Effect

The article highlights the results of research dealing with the assessment of the new resource-saving technology for growing heifers that has been developed and implemented in DLC "Terezino" of Bila Tserkva district in Kyiv region. The conditions of keeping and behavior of heifers in individual houses during the first month after birth at subzero temperatures and when transferring them to group cages were studied. Studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of milk substitution use. It was found that the composition of milk substitutes have been optimally regulated and such indicators as fat, protein and lactose content are in a stable state. Milk substitutes have a very low bacterial contamination, which has a positive effect on the physiological state of dairy heifers, their growth and development. Animals are sick rarely and provide 100% preservation of young animals. An assessment of new easily build premises in ensuring a quality microclimate has been provided. It has been established that the presence of side curtains and lightaeration ridge in the construction of these premises increases air exchange and reduces the level of harmful gases to a minimum level. The ammonia content in the placement constitutes 1.75 mg / m3 against 22 mg / m3 in traditional premises. The presence of hydrogen sulfide is twice less indoors and constitutes (5.2 mg / m3 vs. 10 mg / m3 according to regulations). It has been established that the division of sections for keeping of repair heifers of the cattle for feeding and recreation area has a positive effect on their behavior, and the presence of a feed table and feeding of heifers with complete ration wet mixes ensures their growth and development in accordance with existing regulations. The use of new resource-saving technology for growing of breeding replacement heifers in this farm allows to reduce labor costs for the production of 1centner of growth up to 3.7 people / hour against 9.2 people/ hour according to traditional technologies. Key words: resource-saving technology, repair heifers, individual houses, milk substitutes, easily assembled premises.

scholarly journals Ontogenetic features of protein metabolism in hens of eggs production direc-tion

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (92) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
B. Kyryliv
Keyword(s):  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Gastrointestinal Mucosa ◽  
Amine Nitrogen ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme

We have studied the dynamics of growth and development of chicken egg production of line cross “Hayseks brown” from day age to the age of peak performance. During the experiment, the study of the intensity of metabolic processes in the body of 6, 35, 90, 120, and 150 day-olds, i.e., in critical periods when there is intense growth of feathers and juvenile molten (30–60 days), the beginning of the oviposition (120 days) and the beginning of an intensive oviposition (150 days). In these age periods, the level of soluble proteins, amine nitrogen, and the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were determined in liver tissues, cuticles of the muscular stomach, gastrointestinal mucosa, gastrointestinal mucosa, duodenum and pancreas. As a result of the research, it was found that the intensity of the growth of chickens is different from the recommendation for the “Hayseks Brown” cross. Only at the age of 119–126 days growing the body weight of the reared chickens coincides with the recommended technology for hens of the cross “Hayseks Brown”. The results of biochemical studies are related to changes in the physiological state and magnitude of gains. During the growth of repair young poultry, in the critical periods of growth and development, it is necessary to deliberately affect the processes of protein metabolism by enhancing the processes of digestion and assimilation of nutrients and biologically active substances of fodder and the sufficient introduction of free amino acids by the use of exogenous enzyme preparations.

scholarly journals Біоморфологічні особливості м’язів, діючих на плечовий суглоб, деяких представників ряду горобцеподібних – Ordо Passeriformes

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
O.O. Melnyk ◽  
M.V. Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
National University ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscles ◽  
Fixation Points

Biomorphological features of muscles that act on the shoulder joint of some representatives of orderPasseriformes are represented in the article. As shoulder joint of birds has many axes, not only the muscles of the shoulder joint provide the movements in it, but some of the muscles of the shoulder girdle and elbow joint. It should be noted that the main flight muscles of birds are the shoulder girdle muscles, including the chest (m. pectoralis) and supra-coracoid muscles. Some muscles of an elbow joint, including m. coracoradialis and m. scapuli triceps, are equally important. However, the amount of muscles that somehow act on the shoulder joint of the investigated birds' species is different, the degree of muscle development in these species is also different. In order to understand the degree of development, particularly mechanisms of differentiation and development of muscle structures, a comprehensive study of the muscles of the shoulder girdle, shoulder and elbow joints was conducted. The material for the research was obtained from the funds of the Department of animal anatomy named after acad. V.G. Kasyanenko of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, where the studies of muscular structures of the shoulder joint of some representatives of order Passeriformes, including raven (Corvus corax), rook (Corvus fragilegus), waxwings (Bombycilla garrulous), were conducted. Research of muscles of the shoulder joint, shoulder girdle and elbow joint of birds was performed on fresh or fixed in 10% formalin solution cadavers. After describing and defining of fixation points of the muscles, they were dissected to determine the location of the muscle fibers. In addition, in order to determine the degree of development of muscles and muscle groups, each muscle was weighed. During the research, muscles were drawn or pictured to complement the work with illustrative material. There was no larger or smaller muscle neither in muscle group of shoulder, nor elbow joint that should be significantly for each case. There is no clear stability in the development of muscle groups of these joints. At the same time, muscle group of elbow joint is more developed than the muscle group of shoulder joint. All these mentioned features of structure and differentiation of muscles, which act on the shoulder joint of birds, are caused by physical exertion, posed by adaptation to a different type, speed and duration of flight.

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