Height growth and site index curves for western white pine in the Cascade Range of Washington and Oregon.

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert O. Curtis ◽  
Nancy M. Diaz ◽  
Gary W. Clendenen
Keyword(s):  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Western White Pine

scholarly journals Height growth determinants and adaptation to temperature in pines: a case study of Pinus contorta and Pinus monticola

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1059-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Chuine ◽  
Gerald E Rehfeldt ◽  
Sally N Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Western White Pine

In this study we aimed to compare and explain the height growth performance of two contrasting pine species: lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex. Loud) and western white pine(Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don.). We compiled measurements of total height growth at different ages and shoot elongation phenology realized in several provenance test trials for 109 provenances of lodgepole pine and 54 provenances of western white pine. The response of shoot elongation to temperature was assessed using a phenological model fitted on provenance mean growth curves. Although total height growth followed the same geographic trends in both species, the response of shoot elongation to temperature was different between the two, with few (lodgepole pine) or no differences among provenances (western white pine) from diverse geographic regions. The temperature for which potential cell growth rate is 50% was 10.8 ± 0.13 °C (mean ± standard error) for western white pine compared to 5.26 ± 0.075 °C for lodgepole pine. Phenology did not explain growth performance differences among geographical regions in both species, which instead were explained by differences in the number of internodes set the preceding summer; provenances originating from stressful environments produced the fewest internodes, possibly due to reallocation of carbohydrates to stress resistance.

EXPLANATION OF POLE BLIGHT FROM RESPONSES OF SEEDLINGS GROWN IN MODIFIED ENVIRONMENTS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Leaphart ◽  
Ed F. Wicker
Keyword(s):  
Height Growth ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Characteristic Growth

Seedlings of Douglas fir, grand fir, western larch, western red cedar, and western white pine were grown in modified environments for four growing seasons to see whether characteristic growth responses of roots and shoots might suggest a cause for pole blight of white pine. Environments included three soil profiles (topsoil, hardpan, and rock) and two moisture regimes (adequate and deficient).Of several variable characteristics of growth, total root weight was the only significant source of variation in diameter and height growth of white pine. Of all five species, white pine also appeared least efficient in competing for moisture on all soil types and was least able to adapt to soils having inadequate available moisture and low potential for recharge. The lack of response to poor environment can result in imbalance of root/shoot ratios. If this imbalance of root/shoot ratios can subsequently cause internal physiological stresses during droughty periods, these stresses, in turn, may cause deterioration of the root system and consequent decline in tree vigor, both of which usually precede appearance of pole blight.

scholarly journals Early Height Growth of Western White Pine Provenances in British Columbia Plantations

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Meagher ◽  
R. S. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
A Site

Abstract To estimate the limits of seed transfer to and within British Columbia, heights of 36 western white pine (Pinus monticola) provenances 5-13 yr after planting on 24 sites, comprising 4 studies, were analyzed for geographic patterns. Thirty-six provenances were tested, with a maximum of 17 on a site. California and Oregon sources are not recommended due to poor height growth. Percentage differences between tallest and shortest provenances varied from 16% to 31%, depending on plantation series. Washington State and Idaho sources can be used on coastal sites but are not recommended on northern-interior sites. Northern-interior provenances are recommended for local sites, especially those beyond the species' natural range. The data support establishment of separate seed orchards, one for each of the coastal and interior portions of this disjunct species. West. J. Appl. For. 13(2):47-53.

scholarly journals Growth and Site Index of White Pine in Relation to Soils and Topography in the Glaciated Areas of Ohio

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Clay Content ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Old Field ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Annual Increment

Abstract Multiple regression equations were developed using topographic and soil factors for predicting growth and site index of white pine growing on old-field sites in the Wisconsin-aged glaciated areas of northern and western Ohio. Correlations between height growth of trees below the breast high (bh) annual growth increment and bh and above were not statistically significant and growth and site index estimates were made using age at bh and growth from the bh annual increment to the growing tip. The best estimates of heights and site index were obtained when data were subdivided into two groups. For plots having 0–10% slopes, two regression equations were developed for predicting height growth: one containing slope shape and depth to soil mottling and the other adding percent clay in the B2 soil horizon to the equation. Those equations accounted for 67 and 73%, respectively, of the variation in heights of trees and 35-year site index ranged from 62 to 82 ft, with the best growth on convex-shaped slopes having the greatest depth to mottling and the lowest clay content. For sites having slopes greater than 10%, one equation was developed containing slope position and slope percent as variables. That equation accounted for 72% of the variation in heights of trees, and site index ranged from 71 to 81 ft, with the best growth on plots at the bottom of slopes having the lowest slope percent.

Site Index Curves and Site Factors Affecting the Growth of White Pine in Southern Ontario

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Peter A. Williams ◽  
Andrew M. Gordon ◽  
Edward P. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Breast Height

Abstract The objectives of this project were to develop site index curves and provide soil-site information for southern Ontario white pine and to compare that information to similar information on white pine from other regions and to information on Norway spruce in the study area. Sampling points were selected in unthinned white pine plantations and classified by sod textural class (course, medium, and free) and depth to distinct mottling (0-16, 16-40, and 40 + in.). Two sets of anamorphic site index curves were constructed from stem analysis data, using a total age of 30 years (SI30) and a breast height age of 25 years (SIBH25) as base ages. Significant differences due to soil factors were found in the number of years it took seedlings to reach breast height (BH) (mean = 6 5 years; range = 3 to 11 years) but not in SIBH25. Years to BH was significantly greater on clayey sites than those with loamy or sandy textures (6.1 vs. 5.0 and 4.9 years). White pine height growth in the study area compared favorably with white pine height growth in New England, Wisconsin, and Ohio. When white pine height growth was compared to the growth of Norway spruce in the study area, SIBH25 values were significantly higher for Norway spruce but years to BH were significantly lower for white pine. On poorly drained sites, site index values for white pine and Norway spruce were similar, but it took 2.2 years less for white pine to reach breast height (7.2 vs. 5.0 years). On imperfectly and well-drained sites, white pine seedlings took less time than Norway spruce to reach BH, but the site index of Norway spruce was much greater. North. J. Appl. For. 7:183-186, December 1990.

scholarly journals Patterns of Survival, Damage, and Growth for Western White Pine in a 16-Year-Old Spacing Trial in Western Washington

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance A. Harrington ◽  
Badege Bishaw ◽  
Dean S. DeBell
Keyword(s):  
Site Index ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Natural Stands

Abstract Information about effects of planted spacing on growth and development of western white pine is scant because white pine blister rust disease has severely limited the survival of trees in young plantations. In the early 1980s, we established a western white pine spacing trial in the southern Cascades of Washington, using seedlings from a seedlot comprised primarily of open-pollinated seed from trees screened and certified as resistant to white pine blister rust. Initial square spacings ranged from 2 to 6 m; treatment plots were 0.4 ha in size and were replicated three times (six times for the 3 m spacing). Permanent measurement plots were installed at age 8, and the lower portion of all stems was pruned in the 10th growing season to reduce blister rust infections. The plots were remeasured at ages 11 and 16. Sixteen years after planting, survival averaged 80%; most mortality was associated with blister rust, but the rate of new infections and mortality diminished substantially between ages 11 and 16; 71% of the planted trees were free of blister rust at age 16. Trees averaged 8.4 m tall (ranging from 7.6 m in the 2 m spacing to 8.8 m in the 4 and 5 m spacings) and 12.7 cm dbh (10.3 in the 2 m spacing to 14.0 cm in the 5 m spacing). Periodic annual growth from 11 to 16 yr in the three wider spacings averaged 0.7 m in height and 1.0 cm in diameter. Antler rubbing by elk caused substantial damage to stems, but wounds on most trees were overgrown in 2 to 4 yr. Rub damage did not appear directly related to spacing but rather to stem diameter, with damage limited primarily to stems >6 and <15 cm. Early growth rates in this trial were much greater than those attained in older, natural stands (as inferred from site index curves and yield tables) and in progeny tests and other young silvicultural trials planted elsewhere. We believe rust-resistant stock of western white pine merits greater consideration for planting in the Douglas-fir region. West. J. Appl. For. 18(1):35–43>.

scholarly journals Evaluating Growth and Resistance of Eastern and Western White Pine to White Pine Weevil and Blister Rust in the Northeast

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn C. Pike ◽  
Daniel J. Robison ◽  
Charles A. Maynard ◽  
Lawrence P. Abrahamson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Pine Weevil ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
White Pine Weevil

Abstract Eastern white pine is highly susceptible to damage from white pine weevil, and to some extent white pine blister rust, in the northeastern United States. Western white pine has shown resistance to the weevil, but is highly susceptible to blister rust in the West. Objectives of this study were to compare the growth and resistance of eastern and western white pine to damage from the weevil and blister rust and to identify families of western white pine suitable for planting in the East. A field trial containing 76 half-sib families of western white pine and two half-sib families of eastern white pine was established in 1983 at two sites, one each in New York and Maine. After 14 yr, tree height and diameters were measured, and resistance to weevil and rust assessed. Tree height and diameters were significantly greater for eastern white pine than western white pine. Western white pine sustained approximately fourfold less weevil damage at both sites, but was more impacted by rust at one site. Cluster and discriminant analyses were used to group families using three variables: height growth, resistance to weevil, and resistance to blister rust. One single group combined superior height growth with moderate resistance to both pests. Selections made from within these families have the most promise for planting western white pine in the East. North. J. Appl. For. 20(1):19–26.

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