Fire behaviour of large scale loaded tunnel segment tests for project Rotterdamsebaan, The Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamakshi Parwani ◽  
Jos Bienefelt ◽  
Tomas Rakovec ◽  
Frank Haring
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Tunnel Fire ◽  
Cover Concrete ◽  
Fire Curve ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Reliable Methods

<p>Assessing the performance of tunnels in fire is becoming increasingly crucial for the overall usability and durability of the structure. One of the most reliable methods for evaluating the presentation of the concrete during fire in tunnels is by testing. In this work, the fire tests performed on the Victory Boogie Woogietunnel, project Rotterdamsebaan (The Hague, the Netherlands) are discussed. The study aims to assess the fire performance of the cut and cover concrete section when subjected to a tunnel fire curve. A series of 6 fire tests were performed on concrete slabs of the size 5,0 m x 2,4 m x 0,4 m when exposed to Rijkswaterstaat (RWS) fire curve for 120 minutes. Based on the work, one of the main conclusions drawn were that it is necessary to test a large-scale specimen to judge the performance of a protection system accurately. Another important conclusion is that the test specimen should have the concrete mixture which accurately represents the tunnel concrete to avoid uncertainty in the fire induced spalling behaviour of concrete.</p>

Large Scale Tunnel Fire Tests with Large Droplet Water-Based Fixed Fire Fighting System

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1539-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haukur Ingason ◽  
Ying Zhen Li ◽  
Glenn Appel ◽  
Ulf Lundström ◽  
Conny Becker
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Large Droplet ◽  
Tunnel Fire ◽  
Water Based

Bottlenecks in the Implementation of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants on a Large Scale in The Netherlands

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Frits A. Fastenau ◽  
Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
Gerard Martijnse
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Definition Of

More than 95 % of the total housing stock in the Netherlands is connected to central sewerage systems and in most cases the wastewater is treated biologically. As connection to central sewerage systems has reached its economic limits, interest in on-site treatment of the domestic wastewater of the remaining premises is increasing. A large scale research programme into on-site wastewater treatment up to population equivalents of 200 persons has therefore been initiated by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. Intensive field-research work did establish that the technological features of most on-site biological treatment systems were satisfactory. A large scale implementation of these systems is however obstructed in different extents by problems of an organisational, financial and/or juridical nature and management difficulties. At present research is carried out to identify these bottlenecks and to analyse possible solutions. Some preliminary results are given which involve the following ‘bottlenecks':-legislation: absence of co-ordination and absence of a definition of ‘surface water';-absence of subsidies;-ownership: divisions in task-setting of Municipalities and Waterboards; divisions involved with cost-sharing;-inspection; operational control and maintenance; organisation of management;-discharge permits;-pollution levy;-sludge disposal. Final decisions and practical elaboration of policies towards on-site treatment will have to be formulated in a broad discussion with all the authorities and interest groups involved.

scholarly journals Social Media in and Around a Temporary Large-Scale Refugee Shelter in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512110249
Author(s):  
Peer Smets ◽  
Younes Younes ◽  
Marinka Dohmen ◽  
Kees Boersma ◽  
Lenie Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Top Down ◽  
And Migration

During the 2015 refugee crisis in Europe, temporary refugee shelters arose in the Netherlands to shelter the large influx of asylum seekers. The largest shelter was located in the eastern part of the country. This shelter, where tents housed nearly 3,000 asylum seekers, was managed with a firm top-down approach. However, many residents of the shelter—mainly Syrians and Eritreans—developed horizontal relations with the local receiving society, using social media to establish contact and exchange services and goods. This case study shows how various types of crisis communication played a role and how the different worlds came together. Connectivity is discussed in relation to inclusion, based on resilient (non-)humanitarian approaches that link society with social media. Moreover, we argue that the refugee crisis can be better understood by looking through the lens of connectivity, practices, and migration infrastructure instead of focusing only on state policies.

Study on the Data-Bases for Fire Engineering Design of Structural Steels Members

2012 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
In Kyu Kwon ◽  
Hyung Jun Kim ◽  
Heung Youl Kim ◽  
Bum Yean Cho ◽  
Kyung Suk Cho
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Engineering Method ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Resistance Performance

Structural steel has been used since the early 1970’s in Korea as primary structural members such as columns, beams, and trusses. The materials have much higher strength such as fast construction, high load bearing capacity, high construction quality but those have a fatal weakness as well. Load-bearing capacity is going down when the structural members are contained in fire condition. Therefore, to protect the structural members made of steels from the heat energy the fire resistance performance required. Generally, the fire resistance performance have evaluated from the exact fire tests in fire furnaces. But the evaluation method takes much more time and higher expenses so, the engineering method requires. The engineering method not only adopts a science but also an engineering experience. In this paper, to make various data-bases for evaluation of structural members such as columns(H-section, RHS), beams, loaded fire tests were conducted and derived not only each limiting temperature but also fire resistance respectively.

Structural Post-Fire Behaviour of the Steel I-Shape Beams-to-Cylindrical Columns

2012 ◽  
Vol 249-250 ◽  
pp. 1057-1062
Author(s):  
M. Zeinoddini ◽  
S.A. Hosseini ◽  
M. Daghigh ◽  
S. Arnavaz
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fire Tests ◽  
Fire Behaviour ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Rescue Workers ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Oil Platforms ◽  
In Fire

Previous researchers have tried to predict the response of different types of structures under elevated temperatures. The results are important in preventing the collapse of buildings in fire. Post-fire status of the structures is also of interest for ensuring the safety of rescue workers during the fire and in the post-fire situations. Determining the extent of the structural damage left behind a fire event is necessary to draw up adequate repair plans. Connections play an important role on the fire performance of different structures. Due to the high cost of fire tests, adequate experimental data about a broad range of connections is not available. A vulnerable type of such connections to fire is the weld connections between I-shape beams and cylindrical columns in oil platform topsides. Considering the high probability of fire in oil platforms, study of the behaviour of these connections at elevated temperatures and in the post-fire, is of great importance. In the current study, eight small scale experimental fire tests on welded connections between I-shape beams and cylindrical columns have been conducted. Four tests are aimed at investigating the structural performance of this connection at elevated temperature. In other tests, post-fire behaviour of these connections has been studied to investigate their residual structural strength.

Form Follows Experience - Notes on the Functionality of Footbridges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Schreinemachers ◽  
Wiebe Strick
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Pedestrian Bridges ◽  
The City ◽  
Prime Location ◽  
Natural Way

<p>Should a bridge always be functional and accessible? Should it always fulfil its purpose? This seemingly self- evident question is a key question in footbridge design that is oriented towards creating experiences.</p><p>Footbridges are able to successfully enriches our experience of a certain context or landscape, it cannot be functional all the time, under all environmental conditions, weather and seasons. A good example is the Zalige bridge designed as part of the Room for the River, a large-scale national program for inland flood- protection in the Netherlands. Build upon the floodplains within a newly created river-park by the city of Nijmegen, the Zalige bridge’s curved shape stands in direct relationship to the fluctuating water levels of the river. When water levels rise, the bridge partially submerges, becoming only accessible through steppingstones. At peak heights, the bridge disappears completely, becoming a metaphor for our relationship to the water.</p><p>“Building a bridge that fails to fulfil its sole purpose of containing the water; this can only be pulled off in the Netherlands.” – jury Dutch Design Awards about the Zalige bridge.</p><p>The loss of functionality is directly related to the creation of an experience. When the water levels rose in January 2018, the bridge became the prime location to experience the changing landscape. It shows that engineering a bridge is not solely focussed on the most efficient engineering, but for the purpose it fulfils as for society. For most pedestrian bridges where the perception of the user is on a different level as for a highway bridge, functionality provides more than just cost driven or efficiency driven parameters. It is more related to the added value for the community. When design not solemnly derives from the sheer taste and predilection of the designer but is based on the user’s experience, it generates a durable relation with a feeling of ownership of its users. The key is to create this experience in an elegant and natural way and not forced or dictated. It should be people's own unique discovery and should not be imposed.</p>

God’s Marketeer

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Martijn Abrahamse
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Dutch Society ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Billy Graham ◽  
The Way ◽  
Newspaper Articles

Summary This article deals with the reception of Billy Graham and modern evangelicalism in the fragmented society of the Netherlands in 1954. It takes its departure from the stream of newspaper articles published between February and June in response to the Greater London Crusade and Graham’s first large scale rally in Amsterdam’s Olympic Stadium. The analysis of the reports in different newspapers, which represent the different social groups (catholic, protestant, socialist and liberal) in Dutch society, reveals a significant shift in the way Billy Graham was perceived: from initial scepticism to mild appreciation. This change in press coverage, it is concluded, is mainly due to the different way in which Billy Graham presented himself compared with the large-scale publicity which surrounded his campaign.

scholarly journals Large-scale Facade Fire Tests Conducted Based on ISO 13785-2 with Noncombustible Facade Specimens

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Yoshioka ◽  
Yoshifumi Ohmiya ◽  
Masaki Noaki ◽  
Masashi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Tests
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