Bottlenecks in the Implementation of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants on a Large Scale in The Netherlands

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Frits A. Fastenau ◽  
Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
Gerard Martijnse
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Definition Of

More than 95 % of the total housing stock in the Netherlands is connected to central sewerage systems and in most cases the wastewater is treated biologically. As connection to central sewerage systems has reached its economic limits, interest in on-site treatment of the domestic wastewater of the remaining premises is increasing. A large scale research programme into on-site wastewater treatment up to population equivalents of 200 persons has therefore been initiated by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. Intensive field-research work did establish that the technological features of most on-site biological treatment systems were satisfactory. A large scale implementation of these systems is however obstructed in different extents by problems of an organisational, financial and/or juridical nature and management difficulties. At present research is carried out to identify these bottlenecks and to analyse possible solutions. Some preliminary results are given which involve the following ‘bottlenecks':-legislation: absence of co-ordination and absence of a definition of ‘surface water';-absence of subsidies;-ownership: divisions in task-setting of Municipalities and Waterboards; divisions involved with cost-sharing;-inspection; operational control and maintenance; organisation of management;-discharge permits;-pollution levy;-sludge disposal. Final decisions and practical elaboration of policies towards on-site treatment will have to be formulated in a broad discussion with all the authorities and interest groups involved.

Comparison of Various Systems for On-Site Wastewater Treatment

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frits A. Fastenau ◽  
Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
Gerard Martijnse
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Land Claims ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Selection Of

Diffuse pollution, caused by direct discharges from individual houses, small built-up nuclei, farms, camp-sites, etc., for which connection to central wastewater treatment systems is unfeasible, may be significantly reduced by on-site treatment. Based on a large scale research, including intensive field-research work on 14 systems of different types and sizes in a range equal to population equivalents (p.e) of 5 - 200 persons, 8 different types of system were compared. The comparison involved technological features, such as removal efficiency, reliability, operational and maintenance aspects, environmental impacts and land claims, together with economical features showing significant differences. Advantages and disadvantages of each system are highlighted to enable a selection of suitable systems to be made. When no limiting factors are present, it was found that - in general-infiltration systems (infiltration pits; infiltration trenches) have the best features for on-site treatment up to 100 p.e. For larger capacities, or when infiltration is not possible, the rotating biological contactor will be the best solution mainly because of the lower costs.

Managing risks in advanced wastewater treatment plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hauser ◽  
K. Sathrugnan ◽  
F. Roedler
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Definition Of

Water scarcity, water pollution control measures and protection of the aquatic environment are major driving forces to develop effective and efficient wastewater management strategies. Today, our objectives in wastewater management are far away from just treatment, but rather to integrate water reclamation, energy and material recovery. Only the integration of water, energy and material allows truly sustainable solutions. Though the concepts and technologies are principally available, these integrated solutions are still not deployed on a large scale. One major inhibitor of realizing such holistic solutions with their increased complexity is the uncertainty of the related risks, which can be technical, economic, financial and/or socio-cultural. This paper presents a risk management framework to identify, quantify and ultimately manage the implied risks in complex wastewater treatment plants. The key components of this framework are stakeholder involvement, scientific knowledge, data analysis, technology management and definition of performance goals.

scholarly journals The gradual transition to farming in the Lower Rhine Basin

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leendert P. Louwe Kooijmans
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Lower Rhine Basin ◽  
The Baltic

The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research finances a research programme directed towards a new synthesis of the transition to farming in the Netherlands, viewed in its wider geographical context, profiting from the new wealth of data made available by modern large-scale field research. The programme encompasses various projects: a critical approach to the sitebound evidence by Luc Amkreutz, a regional approach by Bart Vanmontfort (Leuven), the first physical anthropological and isotopic study of the area by Liesbeth Smits, the acquisition and distribution of raw materials and prestigious items by Leo Verhart, and a re-evaluation of the various sources of palaeobotanical evidence from the delta district by Welmoed Out. This chapter serves as a short interim report, anticipating the synthetic volume planned for the year 2008. Comments are made especially on the seemingly parallel developments at the other end of the North German Plain in the Baltic coastal area.

A focus on pressure-driven membrane technology in olive mill wastewater reclamation: state of the art

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2505-2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ochando-Pulido ◽  
A. Martinez-Ferez
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Olive Mill

Direct disposal of the heavily polluted effluent from olive oil industry (olive mill wastewater, OMW) to the environment or to domestic wastewater treatment plants is actually prohibited in most countries, and conventional treatments are ineffective. Membranes are currently one of the most versatile technologies for environmental quality control. Notwithstanding, studies on OMW reclamation by membranes are still scarce, and fouling inhibition and prediction to improve large-scale membrane performance still remain unresolved. Consequently, adequately targeted pretreatment for the specific binomium membrane-feed, as well as optimized operating conditions for the proper membranes, is today's challenge to ensure threshold flux values. Several membrane materials, configurations and pore sizes have been elucidated, and also different pretreatments including sedimentation, centrifugation, biosorption, sieving, filtration and microfiltration, various types of flocculation as well as advance oxidation processes have been applied so far. Recovery of potential-value compounds, such as a variety of polyphenols highlighting oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, has been attempted too. All this research should constitute the starting point to proceed with OMW purification beyond recycling for irrigation or depuration for sewer discharge, with the aim of complying with standards to reuse the effluent in the olive oil production process, together with cost-effective recovery of added-value compounds.

Geographical distribution of land types and primary field research work in Jalilabad Cadastral District

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Narmin Zakir Najafova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Large Scale Land ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Land Types ◽  
Zonal Soils

Factors influencing the formation of land cover of Jalilabad cadastral region are one of the reasons for the diversity of soil formation processes in the area. Intra-zonal soils are subject to the laws of vertical zoning due to changes in the height of the area due to its geographical distribution. Despite the fact that the Jalilabad cadastral region does not have a very large area, its separate parts are characterized by differences in bioclimatic and biogeochemical characteristics. The article shows the analysis and geographical coordinates of the main soil types formed in the Jalilabad cadastral region on the basis of a large-scale land map, depending on the soil-ecological conditions. In order to carry out comparative and ecological assessment of soils, we have made land plots in the study area. Currently, the cut samples are in the laboratory stage for physical and chemical analysis in accordance with the methodology. Key words: soil type, mechanical composition, soil structure, soil profile, GPS

Geographical distribution of land types and primary field research work in Jalilabad Cadastral District

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Nərmin Zakir qızı Nəcəfova Zakir qızı Nəcəfova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Large Scale Land ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Land Types ◽  
Zonal Soils

Factors influencing the formation of land cover of Jalilabad cadastral region are one of the reasons for the diversity of soil formation processes in the area. Intra-zonal soils are subject to the laws of vertical zoning due to changes in the height of the area due to its geographical distribution. Despite the fact that the Jalilabad cadastral region does not have a very large area, its separate parts are characterized by differences in bioclimatic and biogeochemical characteristics. The article shows the analysis and geographical coordinates of the main soil types formed in the Jalilabad cadastral region on the basis of a large-scale land map, depending on the soil-ecological conditions. In order to carry out comparative and ecological assessment of soils, we have made land plots in the study area. Currently, the cut samples are in the laboratory stage for physical and chemical analysis in accordance with the methodology. Key words: soil type, mechanical composition, soil structure, soil profile, GPS

Model-based evaluation of nitrogen removal in a tannery wastewater treatment plant

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Moussa ◽  
A.R. Rojas ◽  
C.M. Hooijmans ◽  
H.J. Gijzen ◽  
M.C.M. van Loosdrecht
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Biological Tests

Computer modelling has been used in the last 15 years as a powerful tool for understanding the behaviour of activated sludge wastewater treatment systems. However, computer models are mainly applied for domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Application of these types of models to industrial wastewater treatment plants requires a different model structure and an accurate estimation of the kinetics and stoichiometry of the model parameters, which may be different from the ones used for domestic wastewater. Most of these parameters are strongly dependent on the wastewater composition. In this study a modified version of the activated sludge model No. 1 (ASM 1) was used to describe a tannery WWTP. Several biological tests and complementary physical-chemical analyses were performed to characterise the wastewater and sludge composition in the context of activated sludge modelling. The proposed model was calibrated under steady-state conditions and validated under dynamic flow conditions. The model was successfully used to obtain insight into the existing plant performance, possible extension and options for process optimisation. The model illustrated the potential capacity of the plant to achieve full denitrification and to handle a higher hydraulic load. Moreover, the use of a mathematical model as an effective tool in decision making was demonstrated.

Using metazoa to reduce sludge production

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Rensink ◽  
W. H. Rulkens
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Sludge Production

Pilot plant experiments have been carried out to study the mineralization of sludge from biological wastewater treatment plants by worms such as Tubificidae. Trickling filters filled with lava slags were continuously fed with a certain quantity of excess activated sludge of a Dutch brewery wastewater treatment plant (Bavaria) by recirculation during 10 to 14 days. At the starting point of each experiment the trickling filters were inoculated with Tubificidae. Recirculation of sludge showed that use of Tubificidae resulted in a COD reduction of the sludge (mixed liquor) of 18–67–. Without worms this reduction was substantially lower. The sludge production in a pilot activated sludge system for treating settled domestic wastewater reduced from 0.40 to 0.15 g MLSS/g COD removed when Tubificidae were added to the system. The lower amounts of sludge were always accompanied by an increase of nitrate and phosphate concentration in the wastewater. There was no disturbance of the nitrification process. Application of Tubificidae or other worms may have interesting potential for practical application.

Experimental study on sequencing batch biofilm reactor with biological filtration (SBBR-BF) for wastewater treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.W. Li ◽  
Y.Z. Peng ◽  
Y.Y. Wang ◽  
G.B. Zhu ◽  
W.Q. Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Biological Filtration ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Filtration Cycle ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor

A novel wastewater treatment technology combining a sequencing batch biofilm reactor and biological filtration in an SBBR-BF system was presented. Elastic plastic filaments were fixed as biofilms carrying media. Particle materials (sand or anthracite) and the settled sludge constituted the filtration layer. In the laboratory studies, operating results of SBR, SBBR and SBBR-BF were compared. Better quality and stable water quality of effluent could be achieved in SBBR-BF because the fixed film and filtration layer were added in the reactor. Other laboratory experiment results indicated that slow filtration, cycle water stirring and backwashing making use of the settled supernatant are successful methods for preventing clogging and saving energy. The velocity and headloss of filtration were significantly impacted by different MLSS concentration. The MLSS concentration in the reactor must be less than 1,400 mg/L for optimal results. The average velocity of filtration ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 m/h, the backwash velocity of 10–15 m/h and the backwash time of 20 seconds are recommended according to the laboratory experiment. On-site experiment and study showed that SBBR-BF is a stable and efficient system for domestic wastewater treatment, and is particularly suited for small wastewater treatment plants, because of the simple operation and compact installation.

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