scholarly journals Interaction of Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation, Potassium Dichromate and Cadmium Chloride in Artemia franciscana Biotest

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Beňová ◽  
P. Dvořák ◽  
M. Falis ◽  
Z. Sklenář
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Artemia Franciscana ◽  
Low Doses

The influence of cadmium chloride (at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg l-1) and potassium dichromate (at a concentration of 50 mg l-1) along with the effect of gamma radiation 60Co (at a dose of 10 and 50 Gy) on lethality to Artemia franciscana was investigated. Four different interactions were studied, namely, those of potassium dichromate and gamma radiation, cadmium chloride and gamma radiation, and combinations of potassium dichromate and cadmium chloride in interaction with gamma radiation. A significant (α = 0.05) decrease was observed in lethality due to exposure to radiation (10 Gy) in comparison with action of only potassium dichromate and cadmium chloride or their combination without exposure to gamma rays. These results support the theory of hormesis.

scholarly journals Study of interaction of low doses of ionizing radiation with selected pesticides on Artemia franciscana

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Špalková ◽  
Katarína Beňová ◽  
Petr Dvořák ◽  
Marcel Falis ◽  
Andrej Renčko
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Artemia Franciscana ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Negative Factors

The aim of our study was to observe the effect of low doses of ionizing radiation, azoxystrobin and glyphosate separately as well as in their mutual combinations on the lethality of Artemia franciscana. Increasing intensity of agricultural production leads to continual exposure of animals to pesticide residues. Animals could be exposed to these negative factors in case of possible nuclear accident. A total of 1000 nauplia, randomly placed in 20 groups (1 control and 19 experimental groups), were irradiated with gamma rays (0, 20, 30, 40 or 50 Gy) and were kept in solution of standardized sea water and standardized sea water with addition of pesticides (azoxystrobin at a concentration of 0.0001 g·l-1 and glyphosate at a concentration of 0.5 g·l-1 individually or in combination). A significant increase of lethality was observed after 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure to only azoxystrobin, but also in the group exposed to the combined effect of azoxystrobin and glyphosate at all time intervals. On the other hand, a significant decrease of lethality was observed in those groups exposed to ionizing radiation even at the dose of 30 Gy at all time intervals compared to non-irradiated groups. These results confirm the toxicity of azoxystrobin to aquatic organisms; non-toxicity of glyphosate to crustaceans and support the theory of radiation hormesis at the level of 30 Gy radiation dose.

scholarly journals The Effect of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation and Cadmium Chloride on Glucose Metabolism in Broiler Chickens

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denisa Daňová ◽  
Igor Kafka ◽  
Zuzana Kaleničová ◽  
Jaroslava Nováková
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Group 3

The aim of the study was to observe the effect of ionizing radiation and cadmium chloride on glucose metabolism in broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted on 28-day-old chickens divided into four groups (A, B, C and D). The first group (A) served as control, groups 2 (B) and 3 (C) were irradiated with a single, whole body dose of gamma rays (3 Gy, input 1.14 Gy·min-1) and group 3 (C) was administered a water solution of CdCl2 intraperitoneally at a dose of 6 mg·kg-1 body weight. Group 4 (D) was administered a water solution of CdCl2 intraperitoneally at the same dose as group 3 but chickens of this group were not irradiated with gamma rays. The serum glucose concentration in the chickens that were irradiated and administered CdCl2 solution (C) was decreased significantly (p < 0.05) on days 7, 14 and 21 (p < 0.01) of the experiment compared to control (A). The serum glucose concentration in the chickens administered only CdCl2 (D) was decreased significantly on day 7 compared to control (A). No significant changes in serum glucose concentrations were observed in the remaining group. The results of our experiment indicate that a combined influence of ionizing radiation and administered cadmium chloride resulted in a significant decrease in serum glucose concentration and the influence was more evident than that caused either by cadmium chloride or irradiation alone. The changes in serum glucose concentration observed on days 7 and 14 in gamma-irradiated chickens were lower than those induced only by administration of cadmium chloride.

scholarly journals Use of the Crustacean Artemia franciscana for Alternative Biotests

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. S47-S53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Dvořák ◽  
Katarína Beňová ◽  
Michal Žďárský ◽  
Zbyněk Sklenář ◽  
Alena Havelková
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Artemia Franciscana ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Toxicological Screening ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinases ◽  
Oxidative Effects

Use of the crustacean Artemia franciscana for alternative biotests of the second generation was studied, and possible experimental design and applications of such tests outlined. In addition to the classical use in ecotoxicology, the test can be used in pharmacology as well, or to monitor the effects of ionizing radiation in co-exposure with some chemical compounds. The synergistic effect of co-exposure of PCB (DELOR 103), cadmium chloride and potassium dichromate with beta 89Sr irradiation was shown. We also demonstrated the anti-oxidative and pro-oxidative effects of the ascorbic acid in dependence on its concentration. Use of the pharmaco-toxicological screening in search for the novel inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases was demonstrated as well, showing that Artemia franciscana may be used as a suitable biosensor instead of the expensive tests on higher vertebrates.

scholarly journals Effects of heavy metals and pesticides on survival of Artemia franciscana

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Falis ◽  
Michaela Špalková ◽  
Jaroslav Legáth
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Artemia Franciscana ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Combined Toxicity ◽  
Group A

Assessment of the potential risk of pesticides is an important part of registration procedures in many countries. However, risk assessment of several pesticides used during the growing season has not been carried out. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pesticides (azoxystrobin and glyphosate), heavy metals (cadmium chloride, potassium dichromate, zinc disulphate) and their combinations on lethality to Artemia franciscana. In total, 1,250 freshly hatched nauplii of A. franciscana were used in the study. They were placed in 125 Petri dishes (10 nauplii in one Petri dish) containing 10 ml of azoxystrobin, glyphosate, cadmium chloride, potassium dichromate and zinc sulphate separately, or their combinations; the control dish contained only sea water. Each experimental set consisted of 50 nauplii which were divided into five replicates of 10 nauplii per replicate. Live A. franciscana were counted after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h and the numbers were compared with the control group. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in lethality was observed after exposure to azoxystrobin in combination with glyphosate after 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure, in combination with glyphosate and potassium dichromate after 48 h of exposure, and in combination with glyphosate and zinc disulphate after 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure. The results of this study provide information about the combined toxicity of pesticides used during the growing season and some heavy metals as major pollutants of the rural environment. A study of this kind has not been conducted yet. Further research for investigation of the combined toxicity of pollutants and pesticides is required.

scholarly journals Standardization of sterilization regimes for textile materials under pandemic conditions (COVID-19) by the method of ionizing radiation

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Olena Cherniak ◽  
Nataliia Sorocolat ◽  
Iryna Kanytska ◽  
Ihor Bahaiev ◽  
Lina Fatieieva
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Mathematical Formula ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Medical Textile ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Methods for sterilizing textile materials in a pandemic (COVID-19) and the disadvantages of these methods are presented. A number of modern scientific works related to the sterilization of textile materials in a pandemic are considered, aimed at developing a technology for sterilizing protective medical masks and medical suits by radiation methods using gamma radiation. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the use of gamma radiation is a very dangerous technological process since natural sources are used - gamma rays, radiation technologies with gamma radiation are difficult when disposing of spent energy sources and are not easy to maintain. For sterilization of textile materials, the method of ionizing radiation is proposed. The essence of the method is that the textile material is sterilized by accelerated electrons. The expediency of carrying out theoretical and experimental research has been determined. It was found that the main criterion for sterilization of textile materials is the absorbed dose. The absorbed dose is determined experimentally, but such a procedure is time-consuming and resource-intensive, and it is not always possible to carry it out. Therefore, to calculate the absorbed dose, it is proposed to apply the mathematical formula of the absorbed dose of medical textile materials, depending on the frequency of passage of pulses of the accelerated electron beam, conveyor speed and geometric parameters of textile materials, the mathematical formula will allow finding the optimal technological modes of the sterilization process. Using the mathematical model of the absorbed dose of radiation by the material with the proposed technology, taking into account the properties of materials, it is possible to calculate the modes of irradiation of various textile materials that differ in size, shape, and physical properties, which will make it possible to develop a system of normative modes for the technology of radiation-physical sterilization and to ensure the legislative and regulatory requirements of hygiene in conditions of a pandemic.

Radiopharmacology: Hazard or/and Benefit

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Flemming
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Late Effects ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Medical Radiology ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
In The Beginning

SummaryIn the beginning of medical radiology, only the benefit of ionizing radiation was obvious, and radiation was handled and applied generously. After late effects had become known, the radiation exposure was reduced to doses following which no such effects were found. Thus, it was assumed that one could obtain an optimal medical benefit without inducing any hazard. Later, due to experimental findings, hypotheses arose (linear dose-effect response, no time factor) which led to the opinion that even low and lowest radiation doses were relevant for the induction of late effects. A radiation fear grew, which was unintentionally strengthened by radiation protection decrees: even for low doses a radiation risk could be calculated. Therefore, it was believed that there could still exist a radiation hazard, and the radiation benefit remained in question. If, however, all presently known facts are considered, one must conclude that large radiation doses are hazardous and low doses are inefficient, whereas lowest doses have a biopositive effect. Ionizing radiation, therefore, may cause both, hazard as well as benefit. Which of the two effects prevails is determined by the level of dose.

Glial cytotoxicity of low doses of cadmium as a model of heavy metal pollution influence on vertebrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
V. S. Nedzvetsky ◽  
V. Ya. Gasso ◽  
A. M. Hahut ◽  
I. A. Hasso
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Glioma Cells ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Cadmium Ions

Cadmium is a common transition metal that entails an extremely wide range of toxic effects in humans and animals. The cytotoxicity of cadmium ions and its compounds is due to various genotoxic effects, including both DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Some bone diseases, kidney and digestive system diseases are determined as pathologies that are closely associated with cadmium intoxication. In addition, cadmium is included in the list of carcinogens because of its ability to initiate the development of tumors of several forms of cancer under conditions of chronic or acute intoxication. Despite many studies of the effects of cadmium in animal models and cohorts of patients, in which cadmium effects has occurred, its molecular mechanisms of action are not fully understood. The genotoxic effects of cadmium and the induction of programmed cell death have attracted the attention of researchers in the last decade. In recent years, the results obtained for in vivo and in vitro experimental models have shown extremely high cytotoxicity of sublethal concentrations of cadmium and its compounds in various tissues. One of the most studied causes of cadmium cytotoxicity is the development of oxidative stress and associated oxidative damage to macromolecules of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Brain cells are most sensitive to oxidative damage and can be a critical target of cadmium cytotoxicity. Thus, oxidative damage caused by cadmium can initiate genotoxicity, programmed cell death and inhibit their viability in the human and animal brains. To test our hypothesis, cadmium cytotoxicity was assessed in vivo in U251 glioma cells through viability determinants and markers of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The result of the cell viability analysis showed the dose-dependent action of cadmium chloride in glioma cells, as well as the generation of oxidative stress (p <0.05). Calculated for 48 hours of exposure, the LD50 was 3.1 μg×ml-1. The rates of apoptotic death of glioma cells also progressively increased depending on the dose of cadmium ions. A high correlation between cadmium concentration and apoptotic response (p <0.01) was found for cells exposed to 3–4 μg×ml-1 cadmium chloride. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) and induction of apoptosis. The results indicate a strong relationship between the generation of oxidative damage by macromolecules and the initiation of programmed cell death in glial cells under conditions of low doses of cadmium chloride. The presented results show that cadmium ions can induce oxidative damage in brain cells and inhibit their viability through the induction of programmed death. Such effects of cadmium intoxication can be considered as a model of the impact of heavy metal pollution on vertebrates.

SKIN MELANOMA INCIDENCE IN WORKERS OCUPATIONALLY EXPOSED TO IONIZING RADIATION OVER A PROLONGED PERIOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-446
Author(s):  
Valentina Rybkina ◽  
Tamara Azizova ◽  
Yevgeniya Grigoreva
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Calendar Period ◽  
Skin Melanoma ◽  
Melanoma Incidence ◽  
Occupationally Exposed

Purpose of the study. The study is aimed to investigate skin melanoma incidence in workers occupationally exposed to radiation over a prolonged period. Materials and methods. Skin melanoma incidence was studied in a cohort of workers first employed at nuclear facility Mayak Production Association (PA) between 1948 and 1982 who had been followed up till 31.12.2013 (22,377 individuals). Mean cumulative doses from external gamma-rays over the whole follow-up period were 0.54±0.001 Sv in males and 0.44±0.002 Sv in females. Incident rates for skin melanoma were analyzed by sex, attained age, calendar period of diagnostics and radiation dose using worldwide standard and the direct standardization technique. Results. 60 skin melanoma cases (37 in males and 23 in females) were registered in the study cohort over the whole follow-up period. The standardized skin melanoma incident rate was 8.51±1.46 in males and 8.78±2.27 in females per 100000 workers revealing statistically higher rates compared to corresponding rates for general populations of the Russian Federation, Urals Federal District and Chelyabinsk region. Skin melanoma incidence was significantly increased in the period of 1994 - 2013 as compared to the period of 1974 - 1993. Skin melanoma incidence excess in females was greater than that for males. Skin melanoma incidence increment in females was mostly driven by modifications of disease occurrence risk while in males it was driven by a combined effect of age pattern modifications in the study cohort and increase of disease risk. Conclusions. Skin melanoma incidence rates in the cohort of workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation over a prolonged period were associated with sex and attained age workers and the calendar period of diagnostics. No significant association of skin melanoma incidence with dose from external gamma-rays was observed. A significantly increasing trend was observed for skin melanoma incidence by the end of the follow-up in both males and females.

Study of Heptamethine Iodide and Heptamethine PF6 Solutions in Different Solvents for the Measurement of Low Doses of X-Ray & Gamma Radiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-317
Author(s):  
Hagos Tesfay ◽  
Erika S. Bronze-Uhle ◽  
Augusto Batagin-Neto ◽  
Anna C. Véron ◽  
Thomas Geiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
X Ray
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