scholarly journals Capturing respiratory syncytial virus season in Belgium using the influenza severe acute respiratory infection surveillance network, season 2018/19

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (39) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Subissi ◽  
Nathalie Bossuyt ◽  
Marijke Reynders ◽  
Michèle Gérard ◽  
Nicolas Dauby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Season ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of severe respiratory illness in young children (< 5 years old) and older adults (≥ 65 years old) leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to recommend the implementation of a dedicated surveillance in countries. Aim We tested the capacity of the severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) hospital network to contribute to RSV surveillance in Belgium. Methods During the 2018/19 influenza season, we started the SARI surveillance for influenza in Belgium in week 40, earlier than in the past, to follow RSV activity, which usually precedes influenza virus circulation. While the WHO SARI case definition for influenza normally used by the SARI hospital network was employed, flexibility over the fever criterion was allowed, so patients without fever but meeting the other case definition criteria could be included in the surveillance. Results Between weeks 40 2018 and 2 2019, we received 508 samples from SARI patients. We found an overall RSV detection rate of 62.4% (317/508), with rates varying depending on the age group: 77.6% in children aged < 5 years (253/326) and 34.4% in adults aged ≥ 65 years (44/128). Over 90% of the RSV-positive samples also positive for another tested respiratory virus (80/85) were from children aged < 5 years. Differences were also noted between age groups for symptoms, comorbidities and complications. Conclusion With only marginal modifications in the case definition and the period of surveillance, the Belgian SARI network would be able to substantially contribute to RSV surveillance and burden evaluation in children and older adults, the two groups of particular interest for WHO.

scholarly journals Respiratory syncytial virus infection among young children with acute respiratory tract infection in Iraq

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-948
Author(s):  
K. A. Albargish ◽  
H. J. Hasony
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Children Under 5

The incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection was assessed among 516 children under 5 years with acute respiratory infection and 57 control children free of respiratory infection to determine its relation to epidemiological variables. Respiratory syncytial virus was detected in 188 [37.6%]children with acute respiratory infection and in none of the control group. The infection was highest in those with severe acute respiratory infection, particularly severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia and it precipitated acute bronchial asthma in children over 2 years. The infection was most common in the first 6 months and both sexes were equally affected. Socioeconomic factors and crowding played no significant role in the incidence and spread of the infection. Breastfeeding had no clear protective effect against the infection

scholarly journals Global Disease Burden Estimates of Respiratory Syncytial Virus–Associated Acute Respiratory Infection in Older Adults in 2015: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 222 (Supplement_7) ◽  
pp. S577-S583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Shi ◽  
Angeline Denouel ◽  
Anna K Tietjen ◽  
Iain Campbell ◽  
Emily Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
Syncytial Virus

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus–associated acute respiratory infection (RSV-ARI) constitutes a substantial disease burden in older adults aged ≥65 years. We aimed to identify all studies worldwide investigating the disease burden of RSV-ARI in this population. We estimated the community incidence, hospitalization rate, and in-hospital case-fatality ratio (hCFR) of RSV-ARI in older adults, stratified by industrialized and developing regions, using data from a systematic review of studies published between January 1996 and April 2018 and 8 unpublished population-based studies. We applied these rate estimates to population estimates for 2015 to calculate the global and regional burdens in older adults with RSV-ARI in the community and in hospitals for that year. We estimated the number of in-hospital deaths due to RSV-ARI by combining hCFR data with hospital admission estimates from hospital-based studies. In 2015, there were about 1.5 million episodes (95% confidence interval [CI], .3 million–6.9 million) of RSV-ARI in older adults in industrialized countries (data for developing countries were missing), and of these, approximately 14.5% (214 000 episodes; 95% CI, 100 000–459 000) were admitted to hospitals. The global number of hospital admissions for RSV-ARI in older adults was estimated at 336 000 hospitalizations (uncertainty range [UR], 186 000–614 000). We further estimated about 14 000 in-hospital deaths (UR, 5000–50 000) related to RSV-ARI globally. The hospital admission rate and hCFR were higher for those aged ≥65 years than for those aged 50–64 years. The disease burden of RSV-ARI among older adults is substantial, with limited data from developing countries. Appropriate prevention and management strategies are needed to reduce this burden.

scholarly journals Recommendations for respiratory syncytial virus surveillance at national level

2021 ◽  
pp. 2003766
Author(s):  
Anne C. Teirlinck ◽  
Eeva K. Broberg ◽  
Are Stuwitz Berg ◽  
Harry Campbell ◽  
Rachel M. Reeves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) and hospitalisations among young children and is globally responsible for many deaths in young children, especially in infants below 6 months of age. Furthermore, RSV is a common cause of severe respiratory disease and hospitalisation among the elderly. The development of new candidate vaccines and monoclonal antibodies highlights the need for reliable surveillance of RSV. In the European Union (EU), no up-to-date general recommendations on RSV surveillance are currently available. Based on outcomes of a workshop with 29 European experts in the field of RSV virology, epidemiology and public health, we provide recommendations to develop a feasible and sustainable national surveillance strategy for RSV that will enable harmonisation and data comparison at the European level. We discuss three surveillance components: active sentinel community surveillance, active sentinel hospital surveillance, and passive laboratory surveillance, using the EU acute respiratory infection (ARI) and WHO extended severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) case definitions. Furthermore, we recommend the use of quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) based assays as the standard detection method for RSV and virus genetic characterisation, if possible, to monitor genetic evolution. These guidelines provide a basis for a good quality, feasible and affordable surveillance of RSV. Harmonisation of surveillance standards at European and global level will contribute to the wider availability of national level RSV surveillance data for regional and global analysis, and estimation of the RSV burden and impact of the future immunisation programmes.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) Cases at a sentinel site in Egypt, 2013–15

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed M Elhakim ◽  
Sahar K Kandil ◽  
Khaled M Abd Elaziz ◽  
Wagida A Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Sentinel Site ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection

Abstract Background Sentinel surveillance for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Egypt began in 2006 and occurs at eight sites. Avian influenza is endemic, and human cases of influenza A (H5N1) have been reported annually since 2006. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of SARI at a major sentinel site in the country. Methods Data included in the study were collected from a major SARI sentinel site in Egypt during three consecutive years (2013–15). Results A total of 1254 SARI patients conforming to the WHO case definition were admitted to the sentinel site, representing 5.6% of admitted patients for all causes and 36.6% of acute respiratory infection patients. A total of 99.7% of the patients were tested, and 21.04% tested positive; 48.7% of cases involved influenza A viruses, while 25% involved influenza B. The predominant age group was under 5 years of age, accounting for 443 cases. The seasonality of the influenza data conformed to the Northern Hemisphere pattern. Conclusions The present study’s results show that SARI leads to substantial morbidity in Egypt. There is a great need for high-quality data from the SARI surveillance system in Egypt, especially with endemic respiratory threats such as influenza A (H5N1) in Egypt.

Severe influenza/respiratory syncytial virus infections and hospital antimicrobial stewardship opportunities: impact of a 4-year surveillance including molecular diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1184-1189
Author(s):  
Marc Bourgeois ◽  
Nathalie Ausselet ◽  
Veronique Gerard ◽  
Louis de Canniere ◽  
Nathan Scius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Management ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Diagnosis ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:To assess the prevalence of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in adults hospitalized for a respiratory infection in the winter months and to evaluate the impact of a viral diagnosis on empirical antimicrobial management (antibiotics and antivirals).Design:Observational cohort study.Setting:Acute-care university hospital.Patients:The study included 963 adult patients hospitalized over a 4-year surveillance period.Methods:Annual surveillance timelines were defined according to epidemiological criteria related to the circulation of RSV and influenza viruses in the general population. Patients were screened following a severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) case definition at the emergency department and were enrolled for molecular assay targeting influenza/RSV viruses after oral informed consent. Epidemiological and clinical data were recorded prospectively, microbiological investigations, antimicrobial management, and outcome data were reviewed retrospectively.Results:An influenza or RSV virus was documented in 316 of 963 patients (33%). Optimization of antimicrobial management (AM) was achieved in 162 of 265 patients (61%) with a positive viral diagnosis and no bacterial infection at admission (AM treatment not initiated, n = 111; discontinued, n = 51). In contrast, only 128 of 462 patients (28%) with negative microbiological investigations did not have AM treatment initiated (n = 116) or had such treatment discontinued (n = 12). Early, targeted antiviral treatment was prescribed in 235 of 253 patients (93%) confirmed with influenza. Epidemiological, clinical, and outcome data were similar in both groups.Conclusion:Epidemiological surveillance associated with influenza/RSV molecular diagnosis in adults hospitalized for severe winter respiratory infections dramatically enhanced antimicrobial management.

scholarly journals Estimating the national burden of hospitalizations for influenza-associated severe acute respiratory infection in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Bouaphanh Khamphaphongphane ◽  
May Chiew ◽  
Joshua Mott ◽  
Sombandith Khamphanoulath ◽  
Viengphone Khanthamaly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lao People’S Democratic Republic ◽  
Lao People's Democratic Republic ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
And Control

Objective: Estimates of the burden of influenza are needed to inform prevention and control activities for seasonal influenza, including to support the development of appropriate vaccination policies. We used sentinel surveillance data on severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) to estimate the burden of influenza-associated hospitalizations in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Methods: Using methods developed by the World Health Organization, we combined data from hospital logbook reviews with epidemiological and virological data from influenza surveillance from 1 January to 31 December 2016 in defined catchment areas for two sentinel sites (Champasack and Luang Prabang provincial hospitals) to derive population-based estimates of influenza-associated SARI hospitalization rates. Hospitalization rates by age group were then applied to national age-specific population estimates using 2015 census data. Results: We estimated the overall influenza-associated SARI hospitalization rate to be 48/100 000 population (95% confidence interval [CI]: 44–51) or 3097 admissions (95% CI: 2881–3313). SARI hospitalization rates were estimated to be as low as 40/100 000 population (95% CI: 37–43) and as high as 92/100 000 population (95% CI: 87–98) after accounting for SARI patient underascertainment in hospital logbooks. Influenza-associated SARI hospitalization rates were highest in children aged <5 years (219; 95% CI: 198–241) and persons aged >=65 years (106; 95% CI: 91–121). Discussion: Our findings have identified age groups at higher risk for influenza-associated SARI hospitalization, which will support policy decisions for influenza prevention and control strategies, including for vaccination. Further work is needed to estimate the burdens of outpatient influenza and influenza in specific high-risk subpopulations.

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