Autochthonous dengue fever in Croatia, August–September 2010

Entomological surveillance for arthropod-borne viruses is vital for monitoring vector-borne diseases and informing vector control programs. In this study, we conducted entomological surveillance in Zika virus endemic areas. In Thailand, it is standard protocol to perform mosquito control within 24 h of a reported dengue case. Aedes females were collected within 72 h of case reports from villages with recent Zika–human cases in Kamphaeng Phet Province, Thailand in 2017 and 2018. Mosquitoes were bisected into head-thorax and abdomen and then screened for Zika (ZIKV) and dengue (DENV) viruses using real-time RT-PCR. ZIKV RNA was detected in three samples from two female Ae. aegypti (1.4%). A partial envelope sequence analysis revealed that the ZIKV sequences were the Asian lineage identical to sequences from ZIKV-infected cases reported in Thailand during 2016 and 2017. Dengue virus-1 (DENV-1) and dengue virus-4 (DENV-4) were found in four Ae. aegypti females (2.8%), and partial capsid sequences were nearly identical with DENV-1 and DENV-4 from Thai human cases reported in 2017. Findings in the current study demonstrate the importance of entomological surveillance programs to public health mosquito-borne disease prevention measures and control.

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Knowledge on exotic mosquitoes in Germany, and public acceptance and effectiveness of Bti and two self-prepared insecticides against Aedes japonicus japonicus

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-75780-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Friederike Reuss ◽

Aljoscha Kreß ◽

Markus Braun ◽

Axel Magdeburg ◽

Markus Pfenninger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mosquito Control ◽

Control Measures ◽

Environmentally Benign ◽

Public Acceptance ◽

Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽

Aedes Japonicus ◽

Preventive Control ◽

The Public ◽

Aedes Japonicus Japonicus ◽

Vector Management

Abstract Mosquito-borne diseases are a continuous challenge to public health. To prevent transmission, Integrated Vector Management (IVM) applies preventive, control, and communicational strategies that should be feasible, environmentally benign, and sustainable. IVM shows higher efficiency when being supported by local communities. Accordingly, we applied a social-ecological approach to identify the public acceptance of control measures and effectiveness of Eurocent coins containing copper, clove essential oil (EO) and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti). We performed field and laboratory experiments to demonstrate the toxicity of alternative substances against Aedes japonicus japonicus. In expert interviews, we asked for (1) knowledge on exotic mosquitoes in Germany, (2) potential chances of alternative substances in future mosquito control, and (3) their needs for further clarification before application. We assessed potential users’ (4) awareness of exotic mosquitoes and (5) willingness to apply the substances. Self-prepared copper coins and EO were clearly preferred by potential users over Bti. However, 100% mortality of the sensitive first stage could not be reached with the number of ten 5-Eurocent coins showing limited toxicity. Clove EO was shown to work as oviposition deterrent and larvicide with a LC50 of 17 mg l−1 (95% CI: 15–19 mg l−1). This study shows the importance of potential users’ perspectives in IVM and the need for authorised insecticides.

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Maiden outbreaks of dengue virus 1 genotype III in rural central India

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268814000612 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 143 (2) ◽

pp. 412-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P. V. BARDE ◽

B. K. KORI ◽

M. K. SHUKLA ◽

P. K. BHARTI ◽

G. CHAND ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Central India ◽

Febrile Illness ◽

Control Measures ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Genotype Iii ◽

Virus Serotype

SUMMARYDengue is regarded as the most important arboviral disease. Although sporadic cases have been reported, serotypes responsible for outbreaks have not been identified from central India over the last 20 years. We investigated two outbreaks of febrile illness, in August and November 2012, from Korea district (Chhattisgarh) and Narsinghpur district (Madhya Pradesh), respectively. Fever and entomological surveys were conducted in the affected regions. Molecular and serological tests were conducted on collected serum samples. Dengue-specific amplicons were sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were performed. In Korea and Narsinghpur districts 37·3% and 59% of cases were positive, respectively, for dengue infection, with adults being the worst affected. RT–PCR confirmed dengue virus serotype 1 genotype III as the aetiology. Ninety-six percent of infections were primary. This is the first time that dengue virus 1 outbreaks have been documented from central India. Introduction of the virus into the population and a conducive mosquitogenic environment favouring increased vector density caused the outbreak. Timely diagnosis and strengthening vector control measures are essential to avoid future outbreaks.

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Risk perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge of chikungunya among the public and health professionals: a systematic review

10.32920/14637372.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tricia Corrin ◽

Lisa Waddell ◽

Judy Greig ◽

Ian Young ◽

Catherine Hierlihy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Community Involvement ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Intervention Strategies ◽

Future Research ◽

The Public ◽

Attitudes And Knowledge

Background Recently, attention to chikungunya has increased due to its spread into previously non-endemic areas. Since there is no available treatment or vaccine, most intervention strategies focus on mosquito bite prevention and mosquito control, which require community involvement to be successful. Thus, our objective was to systematically review the global primary literature on the risk perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge of chikungunya among the public and health professionals to inform future research and improve our understanding on which intervention strategies are likely to be successful. Methods Potentially relevant articles were identified through a standardized systematic review (SR) process consisting of the following steps: comprehensive search strategy in seven databases (Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, CAB, LILACS, Agricola, and Cochrane) and a grey literature search of public health organizations, relevance screening, risk of bias assessment, and data extraction. Two independent reviewers performed each step. Reporting of this SR follows PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results Thirty-seven relevant articles were identified. The majority of the articles were published since 2011 (83.8%) and reported on studies conducted in Asia (48.7%) and the Indian Ocean Islands (24.3%). The results were separated into four categories: general knowledge and perceptions on chikungunya; perceptions on the risk and severity of chikungunya; knowledge of chikungunya-harboring vectors and transmission; and knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes on mitigation practices. Overall, the systematic review found that risk perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge of chikungunya among the public and health professionals vary across populations and countries and knowledge is higher in areas that have experienced an outbreak. Conclusion The results suggest that most of the affected populations in this study do not understand mosquito borne diseases or chikungunya and are therefore less likely to protect themselves from mosquito bites. While more research is required to improve the generalizability of this dataset, it appears that a lack of knowledge is an important barrier for motivating community level interventions and personal protection against mosquitoes.

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The 1993 dengue 2 epidemic in Charters Towers, North Queensland: clinical features and public health impact

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268898001058 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 121 (1) ◽

pp. 151-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

W. J. H. McBRIDE ◽

H. MULLNER ◽

J. T. LaBROOY ◽

I. WRONSKI

Keyword(s):

Dengue Virus ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Symptomatic Patient ◽

Health Impact ◽

Subclinical Infection ◽

Dengue Virus Infection ◽

Dengue Virus Type 2

In 1993 an epidemic caused by dengue virus type 2 occurred in several North Queensland population centres. Charters Towers, estimated population 10000, had 155 officially notified cases. An analysis of symptoms was undertaken using a random sample of 1000 residents to determine specificity of symptoms, the subclinical infection rate, and to establish the true extent of the epidemic. Retrospective diagnoses of dengue fever were based on the presence of both serum dengue 2 neutralizing antibody and presence of symptoms. An estimated 20% of the population had dengue fever. The rate of subclinical infections in this epidemic was 14·6%. There were no symptoms that were specific for dengue fever. Bleeding occurred more frequently in people who recalled a previous dengue infection during a dengue 1 epidemic 12 years earlier (55·6% vs. 16·8%, P=0·003). Surveillance for future epidemics should be based on serological and virological confirmation of dengue virus infection amongst symptomatic patient.

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Dengue fever and Aedes aegypti risk in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador

10.1101/113829 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ryan Nightingale ◽

Catherine Lippi ◽

Sadie J. Ryan ◽

Mercy J. Borbor-Cordova ◽

Marilyn Cruz B ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Human Movement ◽

Galapagos Islands ◽

Housing Conditions ◽

Galápagos Islands ◽

Household Level ◽

Attitudes And Practices

AbstractIntroductionDengue fever is an emerging infectious disease in the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador, with the first cases reported in 2002 and periodic outbreaks since then. Here we report the results of a pilot study conducted in two cities in 2014: Puerto Ayora (PA) on Santa Cruz Island, and Puerto Baquerizo Moreno (PB) on Santa Cristobal Island. The aims of this study were to assess the social-ecological risk factors associated with dengue and mosquito presence at the household-level.MethodsIn 2014 we conducted 100 household surveys (50 on each island) in neighborhoods with prior reported dengue. Adult mosquitoes were collected inside and outside the home, larval indices were determined through container surveys, and heads of households were interviewed to determine demographics, prior dengue infections, housing conditions, and knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding dengue. Multimodel selection methods were used to derive best-fit generalized linear regression (GLM) models of prior dengue infection, and the presence of Ae. aegypti in the home.ResultsWe found that 24% of PB and 14% of PA respondents self-reported a prior dengue infection, and more PB homes than PA homes had Ae. aegypti. The top-ranked model for prior dengue infection included human movement – travel between neighborhoods, between islands, and to the mainland; demographics including salary level and education of the head of household, and increase with more people per room in a house, house condition, access to water quality issues, and dengue awareness. The top-ranked model for the presence of Ae. aegypti included housing conditions, including the presence of window screens and air conditioners, mosquito control actions, and dengue risk perception.Discussion/conclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study of dengue risk and Aedes aegypti in the Galápagos Islands. The findings that human movement within and between islands, and to and from the mainland, were important to reported dengue cases confirms concerns of this route of introduction and repeated transmission.

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Dengue Fever: Clinical, Laboratory Profile and Outcome in Pediatric Patient

International Journal of Medical Science and Diagnosis Research ◽

10.32553/ijmsdr.v6i1.892 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pooja Gandhi ◽

Pinkal Taral ◽

Krunal Patel ◽

Sanketsinh Rathod ◽

Bhavini Rathwa

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Care Center ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Clinical Profile ◽

Severe Dengue ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Laboratory Profile

Introduction: Infection with any of the 4 dengue virus serotypes results in a diverse range of symptoms, from mild undifferentiated fever to life-threatening hemorrhagic fever and shock. Given that dengue virus infection elicits such a broad range of clinical symptoms, early and accurate laboratory diagnosis is essential for appropriate patient management. So a study was carried out to know its clinical profile, correlation between the laboratory profile and the severity of dengue fever and outcome in dengue patients. Aim: To study the clinical profile, correlation between the laboratory profile and the severity of dengue fever and outcome in dengue patients at tertiary care center. Method: Retrospective Observational study from 1st May 2019 to 31st April 2021. Result: Total 323 patients were studied during 1st May 2019 to 31st April 2021. Most common presentation was fever (100%), most common clinical finding is hepatomegaly (14.2%). All severe dengue infection has platelet count < 50000/cumm. In study of 323 patients 194(60%) of dengue fever,85(26.4%) of DHF GRADE 1,9(2.8%) of DHF GRADE 2 were discharged .13(4%) patients of DSS were expired.22 patients (6.8%) went DAMA. Conclusion: Reliable diagnosis of dengue fever in endemic areas can be done by clinical parameters like presence of nausea, vomiting, pain abdomen and hepatomegaly. Monitoring platelet count, hematocrit and WBC count is very useful for management of dengue cases. Keywords: dengue fever, platelet count, outcome

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Detecting space-time clusters of dengue fever in Panama after adjusting for vector surveillance data

10.1101/561902 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ari Whiteman ◽

Michael R. Desjardins ◽

Gilberto A. Eskildsen ◽

Jose R. Loaiza

Keyword(s):

Dengue Fever ◽

Risk Estimation ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Space Time ◽

Surveillance Data ◽

Dengue Case ◽

Vector Species ◽

Vector Surveillance ◽

Disease Case ◽

Presence And Absence

AbstractLong term surveillance of vectors and arboviruses is an integral aspect of disease prevention and control systems in countries affected by increasing risk. Yet, little effort has been made to adjust space-time risk estimation by integrating disease case counts with vector surveillance data, which may result in inaccurate risk projection when several vector species are present, and little is known about their likely role in local transmission. Here, we integrate 13 years of dengue case surveillance and associatedAedesoccurrence data across 462 localities in 63 districts to estimate the risk of infection in the Republic of Panama. Our space-time modelling approach detected the presence of five clusters, which varied by duration, relative risk, and spatial extent after incorporating vector species as covariates. Dengue prevalence (n = 49,910) was predicted by the presence of residentAedes aegyptialone, while all other covariates exhibited insignificant statistical relationships with it, including the presence and absence of invasiveAedes albopictus. Furthermore, theAe. aegyptimodel contained the highest number of districts with more dengue cases than would be expected given baseline population levels. This implies that arbovirus case surveillance coupled with entomological surveillance can affect cluster detection and risk estimation, improving efforts to understand outbreak dynamics at national scales.Author SummaryDengue cases have increased in tropical regions worldwide owing to climate change, urbanization, and globalization facilitating the spread ofAedesmosquito vectors. National surveillance programs monitor trends in dengue fever and inform the public about epidemiological scenarios where outbreak preventive actions are most needed. Yet, most estimations of dengue risk so far derive only from disease case data, ignoringAedesoccurrence as a key aspect of dengue transmission dynamic. Here we illustrate how incorporating vector presence and absence as a model covariate can considerably alter the characteristics of space-time cluster estimations of dengue cases. We further show thatAe. aegyptihas likely been a greater driver of dengue infection in high risk districts of Panama thanAe. albopictus, and provide a discussion of possible public health implications of both spatial and non-spatial model outcomes.

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Clinico-haematological profile of dengue virus infection at rural tertiary care centre in North India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173080 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 3329

Author(s):

Vidyasagar Ram ◽

Khwaja Saifullah Zafar ◽

Manoj Kumar ◽

Ganga Prasad Vaishya ◽

Ejaz Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Dengue Virus ◽

Dengue Fever ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

North India ◽

Dengue Virus Infection ◽

Haematological Profile

Background: In India, dengue epidemics are becoming more frequent. Dengue viral infections are among the most important mosquito-borne disease of the Indian subcontinent. The study aimed to compare the clinical and haematological profile of all patients diagnosed with dengue viral infection. Patient with confirmed infection with dengue virus were prospectively evaluated for disease progression and to determine their final clinical outcome. The objective of the study was to study the clinico-haematological profile of dengue infection at rural tertiary care centre.Methods: This prospective study included 456 clinically suspected cases of dengue infection of ages more than 14 years of age. Dengue was confirmed by serological methods. Confirmed cases of dengue infection were analyzed according to age, sex and education. Clinical and hematological data were compared between dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever.Results: Serologic dengue infection was positive in 220 (48%) out of 456 clinically suspected cases of the dengue infection. 127 (57.73%) patients were males and 93 (42.27%) were females. 149 (67.72%) patient had dengue fever while 71 (32.27%) had dengue hemorrhagic fever. The proportion of dengue cases was highest among male aged 15 to 24 years-old. A gradual decrease occurred in the percentage of dengue cases in the population aged 44 years-old or more. Common clinical symptoms were fever, headache, abdominal pain, myalgia, joint pain and retro-orbital pain. Common haematological abnormalities were thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and elevated alanine aminotransferase (SGOT).Conclusions: Differences in the clinical, biochemical and haematological profile of dengue virus infection, indicative of a variation in disease severity from DF to DHF. In this study, we present recent data on readily obtained clinical and laboratory data that can be used for early diagnosis and earlier appropriate treatment of dengue virus infection.

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Risk perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge of chikungunya among the public and health professionals: a systematic review

10.32920/14637372 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tricia Corrin ◽

Lisa Waddell ◽

Judy Greig ◽

Ian Young ◽

Catherine Hierlihy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Community Involvement ◽

Health Professionals ◽

Risk Perceptions ◽

Mosquito Control ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Intervention Strategies ◽

Future Research ◽

The Public ◽

Attitudes And Knowledge

Background Recently, attention to chikungunya has increased due to its spread into previously non-endemic areas. Since there is no available treatment or vaccine, most intervention strategies focus on mosquito bite prevention and mosquito control, which require community involvement to be successful. Thus, our objective was to systematically review the global primary literature on the risk perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge of chikungunya among the public and health professionals to inform future research and improve our understanding on which intervention strategies are likely to be successful. Methods Potentially relevant articles were identified through a standardized systematic review (SR) process consisting of the following steps: comprehensive search strategy in seven databases (Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, CAB, LILACS, Agricola, and Cochrane) and a grey literature search of public health organizations, relevance screening, risk of bias assessment, and data extraction. Two independent reviewers performed each step. Reporting of this SR follows PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results Thirty-seven relevant articles were identified. The majority of the articles were published since 2011 (83.8%) and reported on studies conducted in Asia (48.7%) and the Indian Ocean Islands (24.3%). The results were separated into four categories: general knowledge and perceptions on chikungunya; perceptions on the risk and severity of chikungunya; knowledge of chikungunya-harboring vectors and transmission; and knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes on mitigation practices. Overall, the systematic review found that risk perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge of chikungunya among the public and health professionals vary across populations and countries and knowledge is higher in areas that have experienced an outbreak. Conclusion The results suggest that most of the affected populations in this study do not understand mosquito borne diseases or chikungunya and are therefore less likely to protect themselves from mosquito bites. While more research is required to improve the generalizability of this dataset, it appears that a lack of knowledge is an important barrier for motivating community level interventions and personal protection against mosquitoes.

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