scholarly journals The United Kingdom public health response to an imported laboratory confirmed case of a novel coronavirus in September 2012

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
R G Pebody ◽  
M A Chand ◽  
H L Thomas ◽  
H K Green ◽  
N L Boddington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness ◽  
Close Contacts

On 22 September 2012, a novel coronavirus, very closely related to that from a fatal case in Saudi Arabia three months previously, was detected in a previously well adult transferred to intensive care in London from Qatar with severe respiratory illness. Strict respiratory isolation was instituted. Ten days after last exposure, none of 64 close contacts had developed severe disease, with 13 of 64 reporting mild respiratory symptoms. The novel coronavirus was not detected in 10 of 10 symptomatic contacts tested.

scholarly journals A Second Pandemic: Mental Health Spillover From the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen R. Choi ◽  
MarySue V. Heilemann ◽  
Alex Fauer ◽  
Meredith Mead
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Nurse Leaders ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Mental Wellness ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Global Health Challenge

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created an unprecedented global health challenge. There is risk that the outbreak will create a “second pandemic” of mental health crises in health systems and communities. Thus, a comprehensive public health response to the pandemic must include (a) attention to the psychological aspects of hospitalization for patients, families, and staff affected by COVID-19; (b) planning for emergency and acute psychiatric patient care if hospitals become overwhelmed with COVID-19 patients; and (c) innovations for providing mental health care in communities while social distancing is required and health system resources are strained. Nurses and nurse leaders must anticipate these mental health challenges, assist with preparedness in health systems and communities, and advocate for a coordinated response to promote mental wellness and resilience.

scholarly journals A comprehensive review on epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of the novel coronavirus syndrome – COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-123
Author(s):  
Kulvinder Kochar Kaur ◽  
◽  
Gautam Allahbadia ◽  
Mandeep Singh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Since the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus in December 2019 in Wuhan China, this novel Coronavirus disease(COVID-19) has spread worldwide taking not only epidemic proportions but with its rapid spread world health organization(WHO) was forced to declare it as a pandemic. The Severe Acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-Coronavirus (CoV2) virus is responsible for clusters of severe respiratory illness that simulates acute respiratory syndrome that was what was initially. It is thought although that it is equivalent to the high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE), showing glass ground opacities in lungs. More experience is getting acquired with changes in treatment approaches from PEEP to avoid intubation and just ensure oxygen levels maintained. Human to human transmission through droplets, contaminated hands as well as surfaces, has been revealed with an incubation period varying from 2-14 days. Early diagnosis using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or computed tomography (CT) scan chest, quarantine, as well as supportive treatment are necessary for getting a cure. In this review we have tried to analyze the epidemiology, diagnosis, isolation, and treatment, including antiviral drugs like remdesivir, favipiravir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and ivermectin. With 3 successful cases of convalescent plasma achieved in USA, trials going on in India along with vaccines are also detailed in this article.

scholarly journals Severe respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus, in a patient transferred to the United Kingdom from the Middle East, September 2012

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bermingham ◽  
M A Chand ◽  
C S Brown ◽  
E Aarons ◽  
C Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Coronaviruses have the potential to cause severe transmissible human disease, as demonstrated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak of 2003. We describe here the clinical and virological features of a novel coronavirus infection causing severe respiratory illness in a patient transferred to London, United Kingdom, from the Gulf region of the Middle East.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic: The deadly respiratory disease of 21st century

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-18
Author(s):  
Shweta Jain ◽  
◽  
Pankaj Kumar Jain ◽  
Ramakant Yadav ◽  
Surendra Kumar Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

The sudden outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated from Wuhan, China. SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory illness and becomes a major threat for humanity. Recently the entire scientist, researchers and physicians all over the countries focused to find the treatment of this pandemic disease. Numerous drugs and or vaccines have been trialed for prevention and treatment against 2019-nCoV but no therapy has been shown effective to date. Currently, numerous vaccines are under clinical investigation and mRNA-1273 vaccine (LNP- encapsulated mRNA vaccine encoding S protein) from Moderna is ahead. Although chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir and many other drugs had recommended against SARS-CoV-2, but still they are not the guarantee treatment of COVID-19. Recently, India, America, Russia and China introduced vaccines against COVID-19 in the market, however assurance of their 100% effectiveness are doubtful. The speed of daily new cases threatens the world and urges the scientist to crack this pandemic condition. KEYWORDS: 2019-nCoV; Chloroquine; COVID-19; Moderna; Respiratory disease; Remdesivir.

scholarly journals Dysregulation of RNA interference components in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Reza Mousavi ◽  
Maryam Sadat Sajjadi ◽  
Farinaz Khosravian ◽  
Sara Feizbakhshan ◽  
Sharareh Salmanizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

Abstract Objective Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus causing severe respiratory illness (COVID-19). This virus was initially identified in Wuhan city, a populated area of the Hubei province in China, and still remains one of the major global health challenges. RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing that plays a crucial role in innate viral defense mechanisms by inhibiting the virus replication as well as expression of various viral proteins. Dicer, Drosha, Ago2, and DGCR8 are essential components of the RNAi system, which is supposed to be dysregulated in COVID-19 patients. This study aimed to assess the expression level of the mentioned mRNAs in COVID-19patients compared to healthy individuals. Results Our findings demonstrated that the expression of Dicer, Drosha, and Ago2 was statistically altered in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy subjects. Ultimately, the RNA interference mechanism as a crucial antiviral defense system was suggested to be dysregulated in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals COVID Meets Volvo: The Swedish Public Health Approach to Coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Binoy Kampmark
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Swedish Model ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Health Experts

Sweden has been considered both pioneer and pariah in regard to its approach to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its pandemic disease, COVID-19. While much of Europe went into economic hibernation and rigid lockdown in the first wave of novel coronavirus infections in the spring of 2020, Sweden kept its borders, bars, restaurants, schools, gyms etc. open. Organised children’s sporting arrangements were also encouraged, on the basis that socialising and physical activity outweighed the risks posed by COVID-19 to children. Public transportation could still be freely used. Masks were not worn. This paper examines the often controversial tenets of the Swedish public health response to COVID-19, and how widely it has appealed to public health experts and officials in Europe and beyond. Debates within the country are also discussed. What it shows is that, despite rising levels of infection in a second wave in Europe and concessions that it might have even failed, the Swedish model is being adopted by stealth and admired from afar.

scholarly journals Open Letter on the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Committee’s A Framework for Equitable Allocation of Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R Caunca ◽  
Haadiya Cheema ◽  
Jennifer Weuve ◽  
Eleanor J. Murray ◽  
Epidemiology COVID- Response Corps
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Science Communication ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Equitable Allocation ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

This is a public comment on behalf of a group of epidemiologists, public health students, and public health practitioners for submission to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Committee for A Framework for Equitable Allocation of Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus. We believe that Equitable Vaccine Distribution is of the utmost importance as the next major step in COVID-19 response. The pandemic has disproportionately affected BIPOC populations by almost every measure--risk of infection, death, and economic toll--due to the structural racism and racial capitalism that underlies all major systems of American culture, including healthcare, public health response, resource allocation, and science communication.

scholarly journals Infection control measures in ophthalmology during the COVID-19 outbreak: A narrative review from an early experience in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Veritti ◽  
Valentina Sarao ◽  
Francesco Bandello ◽  
Paolo Lanzetta
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Eye Examination ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Introduction The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is infecting people and spreading easily from person-to-person. Cases have been detected in most countries worldwide. Italy is one of the most affected countries as of 30 March 2020. Public health response includes a rapid reorganization of the Italian National Healthcare System in order to reduce transmission of COVID-19 within hospitals and healthcare facilities, while optimizing the assistance to patients with severe COVID-19 complications. Methods We analysed the actions that were taken in three ophthalmology centres in northern Italy during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and how these measures affected patient’s attendance. In addition, due to the rapidly evolving scenario, we reviewed the evidence available during the course of this pandemic. Results A full reorganization of ophthalmology services is mandatory according to current existing infection containment measures in order to continue dispensing urgent procedures without endangering the community with amplification of the diffusion chain. Ophthalmologists are considered at elevated risk of exposure when caring patients and vice versa, due to their close proximity during eye examination. High volumes of procedures typically generated by ophthalmologists with concurrent implications on the risk of infection are considered when re-assessing healthcare facilities reorganization. Conclusion Containment measures in the event of pandemic due to infective agents should be well known by healthcare professionals and promptly applied in order to mitigate the risk of nosocomial transmission and outbreak.

scholarly journals Government response to COVID-19 in the Czech Republic: February–July 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Olga Löblová
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Isolate System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Government Response ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The Czech Republic initially managed the outbreak of the novel coronavirus remarkably, with relatively few cases and low death rate. Its public health response was characterized by swift implementation of public health measures driven by an implicit precautionary principle, but also chaotic communication of measures and a lack of transparency in justifying individual policies. June and July 2020 have seen a rise in COVID-19 cases linked to two regional clusters but later associated with community transmission, which exposed weaknesses in the country’s test-trace-isolate system.

scholarly journals ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION FOR RESPIRATORY ILLNESS AND ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS AS COMPLEMENT TREATMENT FOR COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrika Murugaiah
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Severe Respiratory Illness

An outbreak of atypical pneumonia by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been reported in Wuhan, China since December, 2019. It is a severe respiratory illness with many other symptoms such as gastroenteritis. Clinical trials has proved that  Zn is a promising supplement that can ease of cough, fever and vomiting, dysentery, respiratory illness, diarrhea duration and recovery, duration of hospitalization and morbidity. This article suggests a potential role, which should be considered in the clinical management, and safeness for Zn supplementation for respiratory illness and acute gastroenteritis as compliment treatment for covid-19.

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