scholarly journals Epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease in France in 2003

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 9-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Perrocheau ◽  
M K Taha ◽  
D Lévy-Bruhl
Keyword(s):  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Purpura Fulminans ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Alert Threshold

National surveillance of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is based on mandatory reporting. The case definition for surveillance notification was changed in mid-2002 to include cases without microbiological confirmation. The IMD alert detection system was enhanced in 2003 with daily reporting and weekly analysis by district, serogroup, and age. Evaluation of the exhaustivity of the surveillance with capture-recapture analysis allowed correcting for underreporting. In 2003, 803 cases were reported. After correction for under-reporting, the estimated incidence was 1.78 / 100 000. After excluding ‘new’ cases reported with new definition criteria, the 2002-2003 increase was 4%. Incidence decreased with age, with the highest values in infants less than 1 year (20/100 000), children aged between 1 and 2 years (11/100 000) and in teenagers of 17 years old(7/100 000). The overall case fatality rate was 12%. Fifty nine per cent of cases were due to serogroup B, 32% to C, 5% to W135, and 4% to Y and non-groupable meningococci. Patients with purpura fulminans treated with intravenous antibiotics before admission to hospital were shown to have lower fatality rates than those not treated. In 2001-2003, 5 situations required particular attention: two clusters of serogroup B IMD had set off mass prophylaxis, one outbreak due to a specific B IMD clonal complex with high case fatality rate, and two districts crossed the alert threshold for serogroup C IMD, 2/100 000, and mass vaccination was recommended.

scholarly journals Invasive meningococcal disease associated with a very high case fatality rate in the North-West of Poland

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna SkoczyÅ„ska ◽  
Marcin KadÅ‚ubowski ◽  
Józef Knap ◽  
Maria Szulc ◽  
Marzena Janusz-Jurczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
High Case Fatality Rate ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Very High

scholarly journals Implementation of MenACWY vaccination because of ongoing increase in serogroup W invasive meningococcal disease, the Netherlands, 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjam J Knol ◽  
Wilhelmina LM Ruijs ◽  
Laura Antonise-Kamp ◽  
Hester E de Melker ◽  
Arie van der Ende
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Clonal Complex ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Annual Incidence Rate

The annual incidence rate of serogroup W invasive meningococcal disease in the Netherlands increased from < 0.05/100,000 (n < 10) before 2015 to 0.5/100,000 (n = 80) in 2017. Most isolates (94%) belong to clonal complex 11. The incidence rate is highest among  < 5 year-olds and 15–24 year-olds. The case fatality rate was 12% (17/138) in 2015–2017. From May 2018, MenACWY vaccination replaces MenC vaccination at age 14 months and from October 2018, 13–14 year-olds are offered MenACWY vaccination.

scholarly journals Invasive meningococcal disease in Malta: an epidemiological overview, 1994–2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1492-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Muscat ◽  
Gianfranco Spiteri ◽  
Neville Calleja ◽  
Julie Haider ◽  
Stephen J. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Invasive Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Laboratory Surveillance ◽  
Methods Of Control

Since 1996, Malta has experienced an upsurge of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) following an almost 30 year period with a negligible number of annually reported cases. We reviewed the 233 IMD cases notified during a 14 year period (1994–2007), and analysed epidemiological and laboratory surveillance data. The crude incidence per 100 000 inhabitants peaked in 2000 at 8.1 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 5.7–11.6] and again in 2006 at 8.9 (95 % CI 6.4–12.4), thereby placing Malta amongst the countries with the highest incidence of the disease in Europe. Of the total cases, 137 (59 %) were confirmed and 30 (13 %) were classified as probable. However, 66 cases (28 %) had no laboratory evidence of the disease and were classified as possible. Information on the serogroup was available for 114 cases. Serogroup B formed the largest proportion (76 %, n=87) followed by serogroup C (16 %, n=18). B : 4 : P1.19,15 strains (n=46) predominated throughout the study period since their first identification in 1998. With 28 deaths attributed to IMD, the overall case fatality rate was 12 %. Apart from stressing the importance of maintaining high vigilance for IMD, our findings underscore the importance of enhancing laboratory surveillance of the disease, including characterization of the meningococci. Until vaccines against a broad range of serogroup B meningococci become available for universal use, the main methods of control remain the early treatment of cases and the prevention of secondary cases.

scholarly journals Variations in case fatality and fatality risk factors of meningococcal disease in Western Norway, 1985–2002

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SMITH ◽  
A. T. BJØRNEVIK ◽  
I. M. B. AUGLAND ◽  
A. BERSTAD ◽  
T. WENTZEL-LARSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Skin Rash ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Admission Time ◽  
Meningococcal Septicaemia

SUMMARYIn a retrospective epidemiological study, 293 meningococcal disease patients hospitalized during 1985–2002, were examined for fatality and risk factors related to death. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) was 8·2%, but increased from 4% during 1985–1993 to 17% during 1994–2002. The latter 9-year period was characterized by more serogroup C infections and more patients with thrombocytopenia on admission to hospital. All patients categorized as meningitis on admission survived. Of the 24 patients who died, 21 had meningococcal skin rash on admission, 23 had an onset to admission time of ⩽24 h, and 16 had severe septicaemia with hypotension and/or ecchymoses without meningitis on admission. By multivariate analyses, a short onset to admission time, >50 petechiae, thrombocytopenia and severe septicaemia on admission were associated with fatality. More lives could be saved through earlier admission to hospital. This can be achieved through more information to the public about the early signs of meningococcal septicaemia, with the recommendation to look for skin rash in patients with acute fever during the first day and night.

scholarly journals Is there room for improving case management for contacts of meningococcal disease in the European Union?

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
P L Lopalco
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Loss Of Limbs

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a severe illness primarily affecting children and young adults. It has a high case fatality rate (10%-14%) and 11%-19% of patients who recover experience permanent hearing loss, mental retardation, loss of limbs or other serious sequelae.

Morbidity, mortality and spatial distribution of meningococcal disease, 1974–2007

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (11) ◽  
pp. 1631-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HOWITZ ◽  
L. LAMBERTSEN ◽  
J. B. SIMONSEN ◽  
J. J. CHRISTENSEN ◽  
K. MØLBAK
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Age

SUMMARYTo identify determinants for mortality and sequelae and to analyse the spatial distribution of meningococcal disease, we linked four national Danish registries. In the period 1974–2007, 5924 cases of meningococcal disease were registered. Our analysis confirms known risk factors for a fatal meningococcal disease outcome, i.e. septicaemia and high age (>50 years). The overall case-fatality rate was 7·6%; two phenotypes were found to be associated with increased risk of death; C:2a:P1.2,5 and B:15:P1.7,16. B:15:P1.7,16 was also associated with excess risk of perceptive hearing loss. The incidence rates of meningococcal disease were comparable between densely and less densely populated areas, but patients living further from a hospital were at significantly higher risk of dying from the infection. To improve control of meningococcal disease, it is important to understand the epidemiology and pathogenicity of virulent ‘successful clones’, such as C:2a:P1.2,5 and B:15:P1.7,16, and, eventually, to develop vaccines against serogroup B.

scholarly journals Patient and strain characteristics in relation to the outcome of meningococcal disease: a multivariate analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. P. M. Scholten ◽  
H. A. Bijlmer ◽  
H. A. Valkenburg ◽  
J. Dankert
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meningococcal Strain

SummaryTo investigate the joint association of patient and strain characteristics with the outcome of meningococcal disease (MD), data were collected on 563 consecutive cases of MD reported between 1989 and 1990 in The Netherlands. The meningococcal isolates were characterized with regard to their surface characteristics. Sequelae occurred in 8.5% of the patients, and were only associated with the presence of bacteraemia. The case-fatality rate was 7.7%. Infants aged ≤ 5 months and patients in the age-groups of 10–19 years and ≥ 50 years had an increased risk for a fatal outcome compared with children from 6 months to 9 years old (Odds Ratios [ORs]: 5.1, 3.4 and 9.8, respectively). The OR for females versus males was 2.3. The ORs for patients with bacteraemia, or a combination of bacteraemia and meningitis, compared with meningitic patients, were 2.3 and 3.1. Meningococcal strain characteristics did not influence the case-fatality rate substantially. In conclusion, host factors were found to be determinants for a fatal outcome of MD in The Netherlands from 1989 to 1990.

The case-fatality rate of meningococcal disease in Catalonia, 1990–1997

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Domínguez ◽  
Neus Cardeñosa ◽  
Helena Pañella ◽  
Angels Orcau ◽  
Maria Companys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate

scholarly journals Diphtheria resurgence in Sada'a-Yemen, 2017–2020

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdallah Al-Dar ◽  
Mutahar Al-Qassimi ◽  
Faten Hamid Ezzadeen ◽  
Mohammed Qassime ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Al murtadha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Fatality Rate

Abstract Background Diphtheria is a contagious vaccine-preventable disease that contributes to the high morbidity and mortality among under 5 children, especially in Yemen. As a consequence of war and collapse of the health system, a fatal epidemic occurred at the end of 2017. This study aims to describe the epidemiology of diphtheria by time, place, and person and vaccination status of affected children. Methods A study was conducted in Sada'a governorate by using accumulative line list of diphtheria from November 2017 to September 2020 at electronic Integrated Disease Early Warning System (eIDEWS). The case definition of WHO was adopted. Data was analyzed by Microsoft Excel and Epi info- version 7.2 and multivariable logistic analysis used for identifying significant associated factors. Results 747 cases were met of WHO case definition. The annual peak of cases started during week 31 and weak 49. Males were slightly more than females (51% vs 49%) and about 35% of cases involved children aged 10 to < 15 years. The overall incidence of diphtheria and case fatality rate (CFR) were 69/ 100,000 and 6.4%, respectively. The highest CFR was among age groups under 5 years 11% (P < 0.001) and among females was 8%. Dysphagia and swollen lymph nodes were the predominant symptoms 98%, 92%, respectively. Based on the Vaccination status, the percentage of unvaccinated and unknown were 53% and 41% respectively, with CFR 11% among cases who received one dose. Furthermore, the most case were from Sahar 40% with case fatality rate 8% and the highest CFR was significantly higher among cases in border and ongoing conflict district (P < 0.05). Conclusions The findings highlight that diphtheria is still an ongoing cause of morbidity and mortality among under 5 children in Sada'a that is rising with the low diphtheria immunization coverage. Therefore, concomitant efforts should now focus on improving and monitoring routine immunization across all age groups and healthcare services, especially in borders and continuing conflict districts.

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