scholarly journals Evidence that HPV vaccine may be effective in preventing cervical cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
North America ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Highly Effective

Recently published results of a randomised, double-blind, multi-centre, placebo-controlled trial involving 1113 women from North America and Brazil indicate that a vaccine against the two most common human papillomavirus types causing cervical cancer, is highly effective

Safety and immunogenicity of a vaccine targeting human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16 and 18: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 176 Korean subjects

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kang ◽  
K. H. Kim ◽  
Y. T. Kim ◽  
Y. T. Kim ◽  
J. H. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Anogenital Warts ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Quadrivalent Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Virus Like Particle

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major causative agent of anogenital warts and a necessary cause of cervical cancer. This report will serve to assess the safety and immunogenicity of quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) HPV L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine in the Korean population. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 176 volunteers aged 9–23 years. Using a 2:1 ratio for randomization, 117 women were assigned to quadrivalent HPV (20 μg type 6, 40 μg type 11, 40 μg type 16, and 20 μg type 18) vaccine and 59 women to placebo. Individuals received vaccine at day 1, month 2, and month 6 and provided blood samples for analysis at enrollment at month 7. Analyses were done as specified in the study protocol. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine was generally well tolerated, with no vaccine-related serious adverse experiences. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine induced seroconversion for each vaccine-related HPV type. At month 7, vaccine-induced type-specific antibody titer was high. In conclusion, administration of quadrivalent HPV VLP vaccine to Korean women aged 9–23 years was generally well tolerated and highly immunogenic

A cost-effectiveness analysis of adding a human papillomavirus vaccine to the Australian National Cervical Cancer Screening Program

Sexual Health ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Kulasingam ◽  
Luke Connelly ◽  
Elizabeth Conway ◽  
Jane S. Hocking ◽  
Evan Myers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Current Screening

Background: The cost-effectiveness of adding a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to the Australian National Cervical Screening Program compared to screening alone was examined. Methods: A Markov model of the natural history of HPV infection that incorporates screening and vaccination was developed. A vaccine that prevents 100% of HPV 16/18-associated disease, with a lifetime duration of efficacy and 80% coverage offered through a school program to girls aged 12 years, in conjunction with current screening was compared with screening alone using cost (in Australian dollars) per life-year (LY) saved and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) saved. Sensitivity analyses included determining the cost-effectiveness of offering a catch-up vaccination program to 14–26-year-olds and accounting for the benefits of herd immunity. Results: Vaccination with screening compared with screening alone was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $51 103 per LY and $18 735 per QALY, assuming a cost per vaccine dose of $115. Results were sensitive to assumptions about the duration of vaccine efficacy, including the need for a booster ($68 158 per LY and $24 988 per QALY) to produce lifetime immunity. Accounting for herd immunity resulted in a more attractive ICER ($36 343 per LY and $13 316 per QALY) for girls only. The cost per LY of vaccinating boys and girls was $92 052 and the cost per QALY was $33 644. The cost per LY of implementing a catch-up vaccination program ranged from $45 652 ($16 727 per QALY) for extending vaccination to 14-year-olds to $78 702 ($34 536 per QALY) for 26-year-olds. Conclusions: These results suggest that adding an HPV vaccine to Australia’s current screening regimen is a potentially cost-effective way to reduce cervical cancer and the clinical interventions that are currently associated with its prevention via screening alone.

scholarly journals Stakeholders’ Understandings of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Rapid Qualitative Systematic Review

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Caroline Deignan ◽  
Alison Swartz ◽  
Sara Cooper ◽  
Christopher J. Colvin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Qualitative Systematic Review ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Gender

Cervical cancer rates in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are amongst the highest worldwide. All three of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines (9-valent, quadrivalent and bivalent HPV vaccine) provide primary protection against the most common cancer-causing strains of HPV (types 16 and 18) that are known to cause 70% of cervical cancers. Over the last five years, there has been an increase in Sub-Saharan African countries that have introduced the HPV vaccine. The majority of research has been conducted on supply-side barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination uptake in SSA, yet little research has been conducted on demand-side or end-user perspectives of, and decisions around, HPV vaccination. In order to complement existing research, and inform current and future HPV vaccination implementation approaches, this qualitative systematic review explored Stakeholders’ understandings of HPV vaccination in SSA. This review searched the following databases: Embase (via Scopus), Scopus, MEDLINE (via PubMed), PubMed, EBSCOhost, Academic Search Premier, Africa-Wide Information, CINAHL, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) and found a total of 259 articles. Thirty-one studies were found eligible for inclusion and were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke’s methods for conducting a thematic analysis. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Three major themes emerged from this analysis; knowledge of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer is intertwined with misinformation; fear has shaped contradictory perceptions about HPV vaccination and gender dynamics are relevant in how stakeholders understand HPV vaccination in SSA.

Effect of a cervical cancer survivor story on willingness and behavioral change for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Suzuki ◽  
Akiko Sukegawa ◽  
Yutaka Ueda ◽  
Masayuki Sekine ◽  
Takayuki Enomoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cancer Survivor ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cervical Cancer Survivor

BACKGROUND Providing adequate information to parents who have children eligible for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is essential to overcoming vaccine hesitancy in Japan, where the government recommendation has been suspended. However, prior trials assessing the effect of brief educational tools showed only limited effects on increasing the willingness of parents to vaccinate their daughters. OBJECTIVE The aim of this trial was to assess the effect of a cervical cancer survivor story on the willingness of parents to get HPV vaccination for their daughters. METHODS In this double-blinded, randomized controlled trial implemented online, we enrolled 2175 participants aged 30–59 years in March 2020 via a webpage and provided them with a questionnaire related to the following aspects: awareness regarding HPV infection and HPV vaccination, and willingness for HPV vaccination. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to see a short film of cervical cancer survivor story or nothing, stratified by sex (male vs. female) and willingness to HPV vaccination prior to randomization (Yes vs. No). The primary endpoint was the rate of parents who agreed to HPV vaccination for their daughters. The secondary endpoint was the rate of parents who agreed to HPV vaccination for their daughters and the HPV vaccination rate at 3 months. RESULTS Among 2175 participants, 1266 (58.2%) were men and 909 (41.8%) were women. A total of 191 (8.8%) participants were willing to consider HPV vaccination prior to randomization. Only 339 (15.6%) participants were aware of the benefits of HPV vaccination. In contrast, 562 (25.8%) patients were aware of the adverse events of HPV vaccination. Although only 476 (21.9%) of the respondents displayed a willingness to vaccinate their daughters for HPV, there were 7.5% more respondents in the intervention group with this willingness immediately after watching the short movie (odds ratio [OR] 1.55, 95% CI 1.27-1.91). In a sub-analysis, the willingness to vaccinate daughters for HPV was 10.9% higher in males in the intervention group (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.36-2.25); however, such a difference was not observed among females (OR 1.25, 95% CI 0.86-1.81). Male participants were more likely to have willingness for HPV vaccination compared to female participants. In the follow-up survey at 3 months, 1807 (83.1%) participants responded. Of these, 149 (8.2%) responded that they had had their daughters receive vaccination during the 3 months, even though we could not see the effect of the intervention; 77 (7.9%) in the intervention group and 72 (8.7%) in the control group. CONCLUSIONS A cervical cancer survivor story increases immediate willingness to consider HPV vaccination, but the effect does not last for 3 months. Furthermore, this narrative approach to parents did not increase vaccination rates in children eligible for HPV vaccination. CLINICALTRIAL UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000039273; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000043714.

Efficacy of a carrageenan gel in preventing anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: interim analysis of the Lubricant Investigation in Men to Inhibit Transmission of HPV Infection (LIMIT-HPV) randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2021-055009
Author(s):  
Cassandra Laurie ◽  
Mariam El-Zein ◽  
Joseph E Tota ◽  
Farzin Khosrow-Khavar ◽  
Pierre-Paul Tellier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Interim Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Receptive Anal Intercourse ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundCarrageenan, a non-toxic gelling agent derived from red algae, has potent anti-human papillomavirus (HPV) activity in in vitro and animal studies. We assessed, in an interim analysis, the efficacy of a carrageenan-based gel in reducing the risk of new detections of anal HPV among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM).MethodsThe LIMIT-HPV study (Lubricant Investigation in Men to Inhibit Transmission of HPV Infection) is a phase IIb, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised controlled trial conducted in Montreal, Canada. gbMSM were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive a carrageenan-based or placebo gel. Participants were instructed to apply the gel to the anus, condom and/or partners’ penis before and—as required—during receptive anal intercourse. Questionnaire data and anal samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. We estimated new detections of anal HPV infection(s) detected via Linear Array using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsParticipants recruited from February 2016 to December 2019 were randomly assigned to the carrageenan (n=127) or placebo (n=128) arm. The efficacy and safety analyses included 201 and 210 participants. The median follow-up time was 7.6 months (range: 0–28.5) in the carrageenan group and 9.3 months (range: 0–40.7) in the placebo group. The HR for new detections was 1.21 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.70): 69.4% and 65.1% new detections of HPV in the carrageenan and placebo arms, respectively. More adverse events were reported in the carrageenan (59.8%) compared with the placebo (39.8%) arm.ConclusionsThe interim analysis did not demonstrate a protective effect of carrageenan on the risk of new detections of anal HPV infection among gbMSM. Carrageenan gel use was associated with a higher proportion of adverse events. Given these findings and the (assumed) low probability that a beneficial effect would be found by the study’s end, the trial was terminated as recommended by the Data Safety and Monitoring Board.Trial registration numberNCT02354144.

Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Cervix

2021 ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Mills ◽  
Elizabeth A. Stier
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Cervical Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Prophylactic Hpv Vaccine

In 1992 Lorincz et al. were the first to evaluate the clinicopathologic correlation with 11 recently identified human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes: 31, 33, 35, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 56, and 58. Using cervical samples from 8 studies that included specimens from 2627 women, HPV genotypes were categorized by the likelihood of association with grades of cervical neoplasia (from normal to cancer). These findings were the basis of the determination that (a) HPV causes cervical cancer, (b) detection of the cancer associated HPV genotypes could identify women at risk for cervical pre-cancer and cancer, and (c) a prophylactic HPV vaccine should include protection against (at least) HPV 16 and 18.

scholarly journals Knowledge about Cervical Cancer and Awareness of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV Vaccine among Female Students from Serbia

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Nataša K. Rančić ◽  
Milan B. Golubović ◽  
Mirko V. Ilić ◽  
Aleksanda S. Ignjatović ◽  
Radomir M. Živadinović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Medical Professional ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cancer Knowledge ◽  
The Media ◽  
Promotion Campaigns

Background and objectives: Persistent infection with carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer. The study explored students’ knowledge about cervical cancer and awareness of human papillomavirus and the HPV vaccine. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was carried out among 1616 first-year female college students at the University of Niš. It examined socio-demographic characteristics, measured the score of knowledge about cervical cancer, assessed awareness regarding HPV and the HPV vaccine and inquired about the source of information about cervical cancer and HPV. Results: The average cervical cancer knowledge score was 16.35 ± 7.92 (min 0, max 30), with medical professional education, parents’ education level, place of residence and relationship status having significant effects on the score. The awareness about HPV and the HPV vaccine was low, with only 14.2% of students having heard about both HPV and its vaccine. The most commonly reported sources of information were the media, while the most competent one was organized health education. Conclusions: Health promotion campaigns and educational programs are necessary in order to reduce cervical cancer burden and should be directed particularly towards those who have demonstrated low cervical cancer knowledge and low awareness regarding HPV and its vaccine.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination: from clinical studies to immunization programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1317-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Murillo ◽  
Camila Ordóñez- Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Hpv Vaccines ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Cervical cancer incidence and mortality have decreased in high-income countries, but low- and middle-income countries continue to bear a significant burden from the disease. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines are a promising alternative for disease control; however, their introduction is slow in settings with greater need. We conducted a review of HPV vaccine efficacy and effectiveness reported in clinical trials and population-based studies. Efficacy of HPV vaccines is close to 100% when using a three-dose schedule in HPV-negative young women (<25 years old) for protection against persistent infection and HPV vaccine-type associated pre-cancerous lesions. Furthermore, sustained protection for up to 12 years of follow-up has been demonstrated; cross-protection against non-vaccine types is particularly observed for the bivalent vaccine, and preliminary data regarding impact on invasive cancer have emerged. Given its lower efficacy, catch-up vaccination beyond 19 years of age and proposals for vaccinating adult women deserve careful evaluation in accurately designed studies and economic analyses. Despite positive results regarding immunogenicity and post-hoc analysis for cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in clinical trials, population-based data for prime and booster two-dose schedules are not available. Evaluation of vaccine safety from surveillance systems in immunization programs that have already distributed more than 270 million doses found no association of HPV vaccination with serious side effects. The introduction of HPV vaccination in national immunization programs remains the main challenge in tackling the burden of cervical cancer (up to 2018, only 89 countries have introduced vaccination worldwide, and most of these are high-income countries). Access models and technical capacity require further development to help low- and middle-income countries to increase the pace of vaccine delivery. Alternative approaches such as one-dose schedules and vaccination at younger ages may help reduce the programmatic and economic challenges to adolescent vaccination.

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Prior to Loop Electroexcision Procedure Does Not Prevent Recurrent Cervical High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Firnhaber ◽  
Avril Swarts ◽  
Vuyokazi Jezile ◽  
Masango Mulongo ◽  
Bridgette Goeieman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hpv Vaccination ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Abstract Background Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially in sub-Saharan Africa, are at high risk for cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and cervical cancer. These women have high HSIL recurrence rates after loop electroexcision procedure (LEEP). Retrospective studies suggest that human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination improves response to treatment of cervical HSIL. Methods We performed a double-blind, randomized clinical trial enrolling 180 women living with HIV in Johannesburg, South Africa, diagnosed with cervical HSIL by colposcopic biopsy. Women received quadrivalent HPV vaccine or placebo (1:1) at entry, week 4, and week 26. LEEP was performed at week 4. Colposcopic-directed biopsies and cervical cytology were performed at weeks 26 and 52. The primary endpoint, cervical HSIL by histology or cytology at either week 26 or 52, was compared between arms using χ 2 analysis. Results Participant characteristics included median age of 39 years and median CD4 count 489 cells/μL, and 94% had HIV suppression. One hundred seventy-four women completed the vaccine/placebo series and had evaluable results at week 26 or 52. The proportion experiencing the primary endpoint was similar in the vaccine and placebo groups (53% vs 45%; relative risk, 1.18 [95% confidence interval, .87–1.6]; P = .29). HSIL recurrence was associated with a LEEP biopsy result of HSIL and detection of HSIL at the margins of the LEEP sample. Conclusions This study did not support HPV vaccination to prevent recurrent HSIL after LEEP in women living with HIV. Recurrent HSIL was high despite virologic suppression. Improved treatments are needed for HSIL to reduce the burden of cervical cancer among women living with HIV.

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