scholarly journals Producción de metano y bióxido de carbono in vitro de pastos tropicales de la costa de Oaxaca, México

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-434
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Camacho-Escobar ◽  
Mónica Marcela Galicia-Jiménez ◽  
Edgar Ivan Sánchez-Bernal ◽  
Narciso Ysac Ávila-Serrano ◽  
Serafín Jacobo López-Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

Los pastos tropicales poseen baja concentración de proteína cruda y mayor fibra detergente neutra. Los pastos fermentados en el rumen, presentan diferentes valores de digestibilidad, concentración de ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV), producción de metano (CH4) y bióxido de carbono (CO2). Objetivo: determinar la composición química, caracterizar la fermentación y estimar la producción de CH4 y CO2 in vitro en pastos tropicales de Oaxaca. Materiales y métodos. Los pastos (0.5 g de materia seca): Cynodon nlemfuensis, Andropogon gayanus, Penissetum purpureum cv. Taiwán Morado, Penissetum purpureum cv. Maralfalfa y Panicum maximum, fueron incubados con 45 mL de medio para microorganismos anaerobios, y depositados en viales de vidrio de 100 mL mantenidos en condiciones anaerobias con CO2. Los pastos fueron inoculados con cinco mL de fluido ruminal de bovino e incubados a 39 °C durante 72 h. A las 6, 12, 24, 48 72 h se determinó la producción de biogás y la población de microorganismos. La concentración de AGV, pH y degradación de la materia seca in vitro (DIVMS) se determinaron a 72 h. A 24, 48 y 72 h se midió la producción de CH4 y CO2. Las variables se evaluaron mediante un diseño completamente aleatorizado utilizando cinco repeticiones por tratamiento, la comparación de medias se realizó mediante la prueba de Tukey. Cynodon nlemfuensis tuvo el mayor contenido de proteína cruda (P = 0.05). Las poblaciones de bacterias celulolíticas presentaron menor conteo en Andropogon gayanus así como en Panicum máximum (P < 0.05). Cynodon nlemfuensis, Andropogon gayanus y Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwán Morado presentaron menores concentraciones de acetato (P < 0.05), Pannicum maximum tuvo mayor concentración de propionato (P < 0.05). Pennisetum purpureum cv. Maralfalfa presentó la mayor DIVMS y produjo menor volumen de CH4 (P < 0.05), Cynodon nlemfuensis y Pannicum maximum produjeron menores volúmenes de CO2 (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Forage legumes included in diets with tropical grasses. I. Chemical composition and in-vitro digestibility

1969 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Abner A. Rodríguez ◽  
Ernesto O. Riquelme ◽  
Paul F. Randel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of including legume species (Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Centrosema pubescens Benth or Neonotonia wightii) at levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40% of the dry matter on the chemical composition (crude protein, CP neutral detergent fiber, NDF; acid detergent fiber, ADF) and on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of mixtures of each legume with four grass species (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst, Panicum maximum jacq., Pennisetum purpureum Schum., or Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Of the legume species included, Leucaena leucocephala and Centrosema pubescens had the highest CP content and IVDMD, respectively. For the legumes, the mean CP and IVDMD values, respectively, were Leucaena leucocephala, 21.98 and 68.09; Stylosanthes guianensis, 13.70 and 63.44; Centrosema pubescens, 18.29 and 68.60; and Neonotonia wightii, 16.72 and 66.64%. For the grasses, they were, respectively, Cynodon nlemfuensis, 8.27 and 61.38; Panicum maximum, 7.64 and 60.06; Pennisetum purpureum, 8.02 and 53.47; and Sorghum bicolor, 7.57 and 59.62%. Neutral detergent fiber and ADF contents were higher in the grasses (Cynodon nlemfuensis, 73.03 and 44.45; Panicum maximum, 65.27 and 49.06; Pennisetum purpureum, 69.26 and 51.88; and Sorghum bicolor, 60.24 and 50.99%, respectively) than in the fegumes (Leucaena leucocephala, 50.52 and 28.50; Stylosanthes guianensis, 52.57 and 36.63; Centrosema pubescens, 58.43 and 34.84; and Neonotonia wightii, 54.11 and 33.23%, respectively). The chemical composition of the forages varied according to the relative proportions of the species included, as expected. However, the effects on IVDMD were not additive; rather, associative effects, mainly antagonistic, were observed in most of the mixtures.

Pasture productivity in Nigeria: II. Voluntary intake and herbage digestibility

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Oyenuga ◽  
F. O. Olubajo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

SUMMARYThe organic-matter intake and the digestibility of grazed tropical pasture mixtures were assessed by the chromic oxide-faecal organic matter-nitrogen technique in five digestion trials. The pasture treatments were designated as: H, Cynodon nlemfuensis var. robustus in a mixture with the legumes Centrosema pubescens and Stylosanthes gracilis; J, Pennisetum purpureum in a mixture with the two legumes in H; K, treatment J plus Panicum maximum; L, a mixture of all the grass and legume species in treatments H, J and K.The mean organic-matter digestibility of the herbages was determined in indoor digestion trials during the experimental period and varied from approximately 60·0 ± 1·73% to 62·7 ± 4·18% in treatments K and H respectively, with treatments J and L falling between these two values. The mean digestibility of the herbage as grazed, however, was approximately 66·8 ± 1·72, 69·7 ±7·68, 67·1 ± 4·40 and 67·4 ± 4·15 % for treatments, H, J, K and L respectively.The estimated mean intake of organic matter was somewhat lower, while that of the digestible organic matter was appreciably lower than those reported for animals of corresponding live weights in temperate countries. Grazed pastures were better digested by 4·1 digestibility units in treatment H, by 7·1 in both J and K, and by 5·3 units in L, compared with the indoor digestion trials.More intensive studies are still needed to warrant any justifiable conclusion as to whether the low intake of herbage by tropical cattle is due primarily to the high crude fibre and the low nutritional values of the pastures, or to the inherent capacity of the animals conditioned to grazing poor·quality pastures.

scholarly journals Avaliação de métodos de amostragem qualitativa em pastagens tropicais manejadas em sistema rotacionado

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1413-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Nunes Lista ◽  
José Fernando Coelho da Silva ◽  
Hernán Maldonado Vásquez ◽  
Edenio Detmann ◽  
Felipe Nogueira Domingues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum

Objetivou-se avaliar comparativamente a composição química, a digestibilidade in vitro e a degradabilidade dos carboidratos de amostras de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum, cv. Napier) e capim-mombaça (Panicum maximum, Jacq. cv. Mombaça) obtidas por extrusa esofágica e por simulação manual de pastejo. O capim-elefante apresentou os maiores teores de MS, PB e nitrogênio não-protéico. A composição do capim-mombaça sofreu variações conforme aumentaram os dias de pastejo, principalmente quanto aos teores de MS e nitrogênio. A fração potencialmente degradável dos carboidratos diferiu entre as metodologias de avaliação. Não foram observadas diferenças entre as forrageiras quanto à cinética de degradação dos carboidratos.

scholarly journals Avaliação de gramíneas forrageiras na região sul de Minas Gerais

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton de Andrade Botrel ◽  
Maurílio José Alvim ◽  
Deise Ferreira Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Melinis Minutiflora ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos na região do sul de Minas Gerais para avaliar o potencial de gramíneas forrageiras. No experimento 1 foram avaliadas as seguintes espécies, consideradas de baixa exigência nutricional: Andropogon gayanus, Kunt; Brachiaria brizantha, Stapf; Brachiaria decumbens, Stapf; Brachiaria ruziziensis, Germain Evrard; Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickt e Melinis minutiflora, Beauv. No experimento 2 foram avaliadas as gramíneas consideradas de média e alta exigência nutricional, a saber: Setaria sphacelata (Schum.) Moss; Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf; Chloris gayana, Kunt; Cynodon nlemfuensis, Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis; Hyparrhenia rufa, (Ness) Stapf. e as cultivares de Panicum maximum, Jacq.: Tobiatã, Green Panic e Makueni. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os níveis de calagem e de adubação para estabelecimento e manutenção foram diferenciados para os dois experimentos. Cada espécie foi avaliada nos seguintes aspectos: produção de forragem e teor de proteína bruta no período da seca e das chuvas e cobertura vegetal do solo. As gramíneas do experimento 1 que se destacaram na maioria dos aspectos avaliados foram: B. brizantha, B. decumbens, A. gayanus enquanto que no experimento 2 as espécies que apresentaram maior potencial forrageiro foram: S. sphacelata, P. maximum cv. Tobiatã.

scholarly journals Produção e composição química do leite, consumo e digestibilidade de forragens tropicais manejadas em sistema de lotação intermitente

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1422-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petrônio Pinheiro Porto ◽  
Fermino Deresz ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
Fernando César Ferraz Lopes ◽  
Ulysses Cecato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

Os objetivos neste trabalho foram comparar a composição química, a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS), as frações lâminas foliares e bainhas-colmos e a disponibilidade de forragem e avaliar a produção e composição do leite, o peso vivo, o escore corporal e o consumo de matéria seca de forrageiras tropicais. As forrageiras avaliadas foram capim-tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq.), grama-estrela (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst) e capim-marandu (Brachiaria brizantha Staf). As pastagens foram adubadas com nitrogênio (200 kg/ha.ano), K2O e P2O5 (50 kg/ha.ano) e manejadas em sistema de lotação intermitente com três dias de ocupação de piquete e dois intervalos de desfolha: janeiro e fevereiro com 24 dias e março, abril e maio com 30 dias. Foram utilizadas 24 vacas em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com oito vacas por tratamento. As lâminas foliares da grama-estrela tinham em média 18,5% de PB e as bainhas-colmos, 79,9% de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), valores superiores aos obtidos nas demais forrageiras. A grama-estela também apresentou maior teor de FDN (72,8%) e lignina (7,1%) na forragem disponível. A digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca do capim-marandu (64,%) foi superior à da grama-estrela (59,4%). Nos capins-tanzânia e marandu, as produções de leite foram de 9,8, valor superior ao de 8,4 kg/vaca.dia da grama-estrela. O teor de proteína do leite das vacas manejadas no capim-tanzânia (2,9%) foi superior ao obtido com grama-estrela (2,8%), mas os teores de gordura e sólidos totais do leite, o escore corporal, o peso vivo e o consumo de matéria seca não diferiram entre as forrageiras avaliadas. A grama-estrela teve maior porcentagem das frações fibrosas, menor DIVMS e menor produção de leite em comparação aos capins-tanzânia e marandu.

scholarly journals 4. Characteristics Of Some Potential Forages In Indonesia In Reducing Methane (Ch4) Emission From Ruminants: Benefits And Limitations

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Amriana Hifizah
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Ipomea Batatas ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata

Animal production can be more efficient and also sustainable if we reduce CH4 production from ruminal fermentation. One option is to find alternative forages that modify rumen fermentation. CH4 is not only harmful the environment but also means loss to the animals. All of the aspects of the issue is related to the condition of ruminant’s farm in Indonesia. Some other forages that are mainly fed as protein source to ruminants, are: cassava leaves, sweet potato leaves, soya bean leaves, tofu waste, leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus, Musa paradisiaca L, Ipomea batatas. Roughage sources are hays of Panicum maximum, Pennisetum purpureum, and Setaria sphacelata and the concentrate sources mainly corn, rice bran and cassava waste, and corn cobs. However, there are very limited studies in finding alternative forages that can both increase animals productivity and also reduce CH4 production. Only forages relevant to Indonesia that have been studied in vitro is reviewed in this article, about its potential in reducing CH4 production from rumen fermentation. Even though some forages reduce CH4, it could negatively influence digestibility, hence less productivity. Some studies indicated that it was due to the fat content of the forage while others indicated that the concentration of the bioactive compounds such as condensed tannin influence the side effect of low CH4 ruminal production.

Effect of maturity stage and processing on chemical composition, in vitro gas production and preference of Panicum maximum and Pennisetum purpureum

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-182
Author(s):  
T. A. Amole ◽  
B. O. Oduguwa ◽  
O. A Adepoju ◽  
O. Adenuga ◽  
O. Adegunwa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Gas Volume

The trials arranged in 2 x 2 x 2 factorial completely randomized design to evaluated the selection preference of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) and Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum ) of four and eight weeks regrowth served either fresh green chop or pelleted using 12 intact Muturu calves in a 15 min cafeteria. The diets were served to animals either individual or in group. The CP content of the grasses ranged from 105 to 133 g/kg DM with pelleted panicum at 8 weeks old having the highest CP. Pelleted grasses of 4 week old had the lowest (P<0.05) NDF in the trial. Panicum pelleted at 4 weeks old recorded the highest (P < 0.05) sequential in vitro gas volume of 5.25 ml/200g while the volume of gas produced by pelleted grasses was higher (P < 0.01) than the fresh grasses. Pennisetum pelleted at 8 weeks old had the highest (P<0.05) ME of 6.18 MJ/kg DM. Age at harvest influenced preference as forages harvested at 4 weeks old had higher intake. Group feeding also influenced forage preference. Correlation analysis showed that DM, SCFA, and ash contents have poor (P> 0.01) capacity to preference of forages. Forage preference considered in terms of intake rate indicated that growing calves preferred fresh P. maximum 4 week old to the other samples used in this study. It is concluded that in order to optimize DM intake farmers should consider the type of grasses and their age at harvest particularly for Muturu. Pelleting improves acceptability of forages when rejected by animal as fresh forage form due to advanced age.

scholarly journals Nutrient characterisation and in vitro digestibility of grass and legume/browse species - based diets for beef cattle in Vanuatu

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Aregheore ◽  
T A Steglar ◽  
J W Ng'ambi
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Available Nutrients ◽  
Browse Species ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

Some grasses, Buffalo (Panicum Coloratum), Guinea (Panicum maximum), Setaria (Setaria sphacelata), Embu (Panicum maxum), Elephant (Pennisetum Purpureum), Koronivia (Brachiaria humidicola), and Signal (Brachiaria decumben); and legumes/browses Gliricidia sepium, Glycine wightii, Green desmodium and Leucaena leucocephala grazed by beef cattle in Vanuatu were characterized for crude protein (CP), fibre fractions, macro and micro minerals (phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc) and energy. Also in vitro digestibility study was carried out to predict the utilization of available nutrients. Data obtained were discussed in light of whether available nutrients would satisfy requirements of grazing beef cattle of different age and physiological function. The CP of grass and legume/browse species ranged from 7.9-17.8% and 10.5-23.9% respectively. L. leucocephala has a higher CP while Green leaf desmodium had the lowest CP content. DM and NDF were higher (P<0.05) in the grasses while CP was higher in the legume/browse species. Organic matter (OM) within and between the grass and legume/browse species varied. Mean concentrations of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in the grass species was 5.7 g/kg DM and 2.6 g/kg DM, respectively and this resulted in an average Ca:P ratio of 2.2:1 for the grasses while the legume /browse species had Ca:P ratio of 5.3:1. Ca was low while K was high in the grasses compared to the legume/browse species. Among the microminerals Cu was critically low in both the grass and legume/browse species. In vitro DMD, OMD and CPD between and within the grass and legume/browse species were not significantly different (P>0.05) from each other, however NDFD and ADFD were higher (P<0.05) in the grasses than in the legumes/browses. In conclusion, the results of these analyses and the in vitro digestibility study have provided information on nutrients that are adequate and/or inadequate in the grass and legume/browse species components grazed to sustain beef cattle production in Vanuatu. The very low concentration of Cu in both the grass and legume/browse species therefore demonstrates the need to supplement grazing beef cattle with mineral lick blocks to overcome its deficiency.

scholarly journals Production fourragère et élevage ovin à la Martinique

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (special) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
F. Artus Poliakoff ◽  
F. Champannet ◽  
M. Gayalin
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

Les résultats présentés concernent d'une part des mesures de productivité et de valeur nutritive des fourrages réalisés en fauche, en sec ou en irrigué, dans plusieurs stations de l'île, d'autre part des observations du comportement des meilleures espèces soumises au pâturage d'ovins. Une gamme d'espèces fourragères adaptées à l'élevage ovin dans les conditions des Antilles est proposée. Les espèces retenues sont Digitaria decumbens, Cynodon nlemfuensis et Brachiaria humidicola pour le pâturage; Panicum maximum cv Hamil local et Pennisetum purpureum pour la fauche.

scholarly journals The Yield, Intake and Animal Production of Four Tropical Grass Species Grown at Ibadan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
F. O. Olubajo ◽  
V. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

The yield, intake and animal production of four grass species namely: Cynodon nlemfuensis var. robustus, Pennisetum purpureum Schum; Cynodon nlemfuensis var nlemfuensis (Ib8) and Panicum Maximum Jacq., designated as treatments M, N, P, and respectively, were studied over a period of 1,226 days. Each treatment was grazed at three stages of growth - at four, six and eight week intervals. Total dry matter yields for the experimental period ranged from approximately 22 tons for treatment N grazed at intervals of four weeks to 65 tons for treatment Q grazed at eight week intervals. The mean daily dry matter yield varied between approximately 18 kg for treatment N to 53 kg for treatment Q grazed at four and eight week intervals respectively. With the exception of treatment N, dry matter intake by sheep per kg of metabolic size per day decreased with increased maturity and ranged from 43 kg in treatment N to 86 kg in treatment P grazed every four weeks. Treatment means of liveweight increases of grazing White Fulani (Zebu) steers were 392 g, 360 g, 337 g and 226 g per head per day for treatments Q, N,P and M respectively. Though the protein content of the pastures was high enough even in the dry season to maintain the grazing animals, dry matter production and intake were usually very low. 

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