scholarly journals Production fourragère et élevage ovin à la Martinique

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (special) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
F. Artus Poliakoff ◽  
F. Champannet ◽  
M. Gayalin
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

Les résultats présentés concernent d'une part des mesures de productivité et de valeur nutritive des fourrages réalisés en fauche, en sec ou en irrigué, dans plusieurs stations de l'île, d'autre part des observations du comportement des meilleures espèces soumises au pâturage d'ovins. Une gamme d'espèces fourragères adaptées à l'élevage ovin dans les conditions des Antilles est proposée. Les espèces retenues sont Digitaria decumbens, Cynodon nlemfuensis et Brachiaria humidicola pour le pâturage; Panicum maximum cv Hamil local et Pennisetum purpureum pour la fauche.

scholarly journals Níveis críticos de fósforo em Brachiaria decunbens (Stapf) Prain, Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickerdt, Digitaria decumbens Stent, Hypharrhenia rufa (Ness) Stapf, Melinis minutiflora Pal de Beauv, Panicum maximum Jacq. e Pennisetum purpureum Schum

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 913-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.E.P. Martinez ◽  
H.P. Haag
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Melinis Minutiflora ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum ◽  
O 24

Plantas dos capins braquiaria brachiaria decumbens Stapf (Prain) , quicuio da Amazonia, (Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickerdt), pangola (Digitaria decumbens Stent), jaraguá (Hyphrrhenia rufa (Ness) Stapf), gordura (Melinis minutiflora Pal de Beauv), colonião (Panicum maximum Jacq) e napier (Pennisetwn purpure um Schum) foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva completa contendo, 0,12; 0,48; 1,94; 7,75 e 31,00 mg de fósforo por litro, com o objetivo de determinar os níveis críticos internos e externos de fosforo, e avaliar a eficiência com que absorvem e utilizam o fósforo. Aos setenta e cinco dias as plantas foram coletadas, separadas em caules, folhas, bainhas e raízes. Após secagem a 80ºC, as amostras foram pesadas e analisadas para fósforo na matéria seca. Curvas representativas do peso da matéria seca e da concentração de fósforo na matéria seca em função dos níveis de fosforo da solução nutritiva foram obtidas a partir de dados calculados de equações de regressão. Verificou-se que: - As espécies diferiram quanto à necessidade externa de fósforo, sendo B. humidicola e H. rufa as menos exigentes. Seguiram-se em ordem crescente B. decumbens, M. minutiflora, P. maximum, P. purpureum e D. decumbens. - Os níveis críticos internos de fósforo variaram entre as espécies, sendo maior em D. decumbens (0,38%) que nas demais. Seguiram-se em ordem decrescente B. decumbens (0,32%), B. humidioola (0,26%), M. minutiflora (0,24%), P. maximum (o,24%) e P. purpureum (0,20%). - A eficiência de absorção e utilização, do fósforo foi maior para B. humidicola. Seguiram-se em ordem decrescente P. purpureum, P. maximum, D. decumbens , B. decumbens e M. minutiflora.

Pasture productivity in Nigeria: II. Voluntary intake and herbage digestibility

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Oyenuga ◽  
F. O. Olubajo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

SUMMARYThe organic-matter intake and the digestibility of grazed tropical pasture mixtures were assessed by the chromic oxide-faecal organic matter-nitrogen technique in five digestion trials. The pasture treatments were designated as: H, Cynodon nlemfuensis var. robustus in a mixture with the legumes Centrosema pubescens and Stylosanthes gracilis; J, Pennisetum purpureum in a mixture with the two legumes in H; K, treatment J plus Panicum maximum; L, a mixture of all the grass and legume species in treatments H, J and K.The mean organic-matter digestibility of the herbages was determined in indoor digestion trials during the experimental period and varied from approximately 60·0 ± 1·73% to 62·7 ± 4·18% in treatments K and H respectively, with treatments J and L falling between these two values. The mean digestibility of the herbage as grazed, however, was approximately 66·8 ± 1·72, 69·7 ±7·68, 67·1 ± 4·40 and 67·4 ± 4·15 % for treatments, H, J, K and L respectively.The estimated mean intake of organic matter was somewhat lower, while that of the digestible organic matter was appreciably lower than those reported for animals of corresponding live weights in temperate countries. Grazed pastures were better digested by 4·1 digestibility units in treatment H, by 7·1 in both J and K, and by 5·3 units in L, compared with the indoor digestion trials.More intensive studies are still needed to warrant any justifiable conclusion as to whether the low intake of herbage by tropical cattle is due primarily to the high crude fibre and the low nutritional values of the pastures, or to the inherent capacity of the animals conditioned to grazing poor·quality pastures.

scholarly journals Producción de metano y bióxido de carbono in vitro de pastos tropicales de la costa de Oaxaca, México

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-434
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Camacho-Escobar ◽  
Mónica Marcela Galicia-Jiménez ◽  
Edgar Ivan Sánchez-Bernal ◽  
Narciso Ysac Ávila-Serrano ◽  
Serafín Jacobo López-Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

Los pastos tropicales poseen baja concentración de proteína cruda y mayor fibra detergente neutra. Los pastos fermentados en el rumen, presentan diferentes valores de digestibilidad, concentración de ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV), producción de metano (CH4) y bióxido de carbono (CO2). Objetivo: determinar la composición química, caracterizar la fermentación y estimar la producción de CH4 y CO2 in vitro en pastos tropicales de Oaxaca. Materiales y métodos. Los pastos (0.5 g de materia seca): Cynodon nlemfuensis, Andropogon gayanus, Penissetum purpureum cv. Taiwán Morado, Penissetum purpureum cv. Maralfalfa y Panicum maximum, fueron incubados con 45 mL de medio para microorganismos anaerobios, y depositados en viales de vidrio de 100 mL mantenidos en condiciones anaerobias con CO2. Los pastos fueron inoculados con cinco mL de fluido ruminal de bovino e incubados a 39 °C durante 72 h. A las 6, 12, 24, 48 72 h se determinó la producción de biogás y la población de microorganismos. La concentración de AGV, pH y degradación de la materia seca in vitro (DIVMS) se determinaron a 72 h. A 24, 48 y 72 h se midió la producción de CH4 y CO2. Las variables se evaluaron mediante un diseño completamente aleatorizado utilizando cinco repeticiones por tratamiento, la comparación de medias se realizó mediante la prueba de Tukey. Cynodon nlemfuensis tuvo el mayor contenido de proteína cruda (P = 0.05). Las poblaciones de bacterias celulolíticas presentaron menor conteo en Andropogon gayanus así como en Panicum máximum (P < 0.05). Cynodon nlemfuensis, Andropogon gayanus y Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwán Morado presentaron menores concentraciones de acetato (P < 0.05), Pannicum maximum tuvo mayor concentración de propionato (P < 0.05). Pennisetum purpureum cv. Maralfalfa presentó la mayor DIVMS y produjo menor volumen de CH4 (P < 0.05), Cynodon nlemfuensis y Pannicum maximum produjeron menores volúmenes de CO2 (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Avaliação de gramíneas forrageiras na região sul de Minas Gerais

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton de Andrade Botrel ◽  
Maurílio José Alvim ◽  
Deise Ferreira Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Melinis Minutiflora ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Andropogon Gayanus ◽  
Setaria Sphacelata ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos na região do sul de Minas Gerais para avaliar o potencial de gramíneas forrageiras. No experimento 1 foram avaliadas as seguintes espécies, consideradas de baixa exigência nutricional: Andropogon gayanus, Kunt; Brachiaria brizantha, Stapf; Brachiaria decumbens, Stapf; Brachiaria ruziziensis, Germain Evrard; Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickt e Melinis minutiflora, Beauv. No experimento 2 foram avaliadas as gramíneas consideradas de média e alta exigência nutricional, a saber: Setaria sphacelata (Schum.) Moss; Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf; Chloris gayana, Kunt; Cynodon nlemfuensis, Vanderyst var. nlemfuensis; Hyparrhenia rufa, (Ness) Stapf. e as cultivares de Panicum maximum, Jacq.: Tobiatã, Green Panic e Makueni. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os níveis de calagem e de adubação para estabelecimento e manutenção foram diferenciados para os dois experimentos. Cada espécie foi avaliada nos seguintes aspectos: produção de forragem e teor de proteína bruta no período da seca e das chuvas e cobertura vegetal do solo. As gramíneas do experimento 1 que se destacaram na maioria dos aspectos avaliados foram: B. brizantha, B. decumbens, A. gayanus enquanto que no experimento 2 as espécies que apresentaram maior potencial forrageiro foram: S. sphacelata, P. maximum cv. Tobiatã.

scholarly journals Forage legumes included in diets with tropical grasses. I. Chemical composition and in-vitro digestibility

1969 ◽  
Vol 82 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Abner A. Rodríguez ◽  
Ernesto O. Riquelme ◽  
Paul F. Randel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of including legume species (Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Centrosema pubescens Benth or Neonotonia wightii) at levels of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40% of the dry matter on the chemical composition (crude protein, CP neutral detergent fiber, NDF; acid detergent fiber, ADF) and on in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of mixtures of each legume with four grass species (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst, Panicum maximum jacq., Pennisetum purpureum Schum., or Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). Of the legume species included, Leucaena leucocephala and Centrosema pubescens had the highest CP content and IVDMD, respectively. For the legumes, the mean CP and IVDMD values, respectively, were Leucaena leucocephala, 21.98 and 68.09; Stylosanthes guianensis, 13.70 and 63.44; Centrosema pubescens, 18.29 and 68.60; and Neonotonia wightii, 16.72 and 66.64%. For the grasses, they were, respectively, Cynodon nlemfuensis, 8.27 and 61.38; Panicum maximum, 7.64 and 60.06; Pennisetum purpureum, 8.02 and 53.47; and Sorghum bicolor, 7.57 and 59.62%. Neutral detergent fiber and ADF contents were higher in the grasses (Cynodon nlemfuensis, 73.03 and 44.45; Panicum maximum, 65.27 and 49.06; Pennisetum purpureum, 69.26 and 51.88; and Sorghum bicolor, 60.24 and 50.99%, respectively) than in the fegumes (Leucaena leucocephala, 50.52 and 28.50; Stylosanthes guianensis, 52.57 and 36.63; Centrosema pubescens, 58.43 and 34.84; and Neonotonia wightii, 54.11 and 33.23%, respectively). The chemical composition of the forages varied according to the relative proportions of the species included, as expected. However, the effects on IVDMD were not additive; rather, associative effects, mainly antagonistic, were observed in most of the mixtures.

scholarly journals The Yield, Intake and Animal Production of Four Tropical Grass Species Grown at Ibadan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224
Author(s):  
F. O. Olubajo ◽  
V. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

The yield, intake and animal production of four grass species namely: Cynodon nlemfuensis var. robustus, Pennisetum purpureum Schum; Cynodon nlemfuensis var nlemfuensis (Ib8) and Panicum Maximum Jacq., designated as treatments M, N, P, and respectively, were studied over a period of 1,226 days. Each treatment was grazed at three stages of growth - at four, six and eight week intervals. Total dry matter yields for the experimental period ranged from approximately 22 tons for treatment N grazed at intervals of four weeks to 65 tons for treatment Q grazed at eight week intervals. The mean daily dry matter yield varied between approximately 18 kg for treatment N to 53 kg for treatment Q grazed at four and eight week intervals respectively. With the exception of treatment N, dry matter intake by sheep per kg of metabolic size per day decreased with increased maturity and ranged from 43 kg in treatment N to 86 kg in treatment P grazed every four weeks. Treatment means of liveweight increases of grazing White Fulani (Zebu) steers were 392 g, 360 g, 337 g and 226 g per head per day for treatments Q, N,P and M respectively. Though the protein content of the pastures was high enough even in the dry season to maintain the grazing animals, dry matter production and intake were usually very low. 

Production of grazed tropical grasses at Toa Baja in the humid northern coastal plains of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Luis E. Tergas ◽  
Jaime Vélez-Santiago ◽  
Doralisa Vera de Saldaña
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

A field experiment was conducted on a private farm near Toa Baja in the humid northern coastal plains of Puerto Rico to evaluate the production and persistence of 12 tropical grasses, Cynodon nlemfuensis var. nlemfuensis Star, C. dactylon Coastcross-1, Brachiaria brizantha Signal, B. ruzuziensis Congo PR PI 5366 and 11716, C. dactylon Toño, Eriochloa polystachya Carib, C. plectostachyus Star, Digitaria decumbens Transvala, C. plectostachyus Star, B. radicans Tanner and Panicum maximum Makueni under grazing at 3- to 5-week intervals for 2 years. Average production per grazing period, 1.59 and 1.52 ton/ha, respectively, was not significantly different (P = 0.05) among species and cultivars in either year. Forage production in December and May was low compared to that of other periods. This difference might have been associated with low rainfall in December 1983 and April 1984. Lower production in October and early November, 1984, was due to unusually low rainfall that year. Differences in relative palatability of the large number of species and cultivars, and the low grazing pressure at which they were evaluated might explain the lack of significant differences in the performance of these grasses. These variables must be taken into consideration in the design of future experiments for better interpretation of the results.

scholarly journals Pouvoir d'établissement de quatre graminées fourragères tropicales (Pennisetum purpureum Schum., Panicum maximum Jacq., Brachiaria decumbens Stapf., et Digitaria decumbens Stent.) installées en arrière-saison

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G. Kpakote ◽  
J.B. Villares ◽  
G.P. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Cette Technique ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Mise En Pratique ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum

Les auteurs exposent les résultats qu'ils ont obtenus, en installant, en fin de saison des pluies, quatre graminées fourragères (Pennisetum purpureum Schum., Panicum maximum Jacq., Brachiaria decumbens Stapf. et Digitaria decumbens Stent.), sur un terrain pauvre situé dans la région de Botucatu, Etat de São Paulo, au Brésil. Les "prises" des boutures ont été excellentes, sauf pour Digitaria qui a eu à souffrir d'une invasion de cochenilles et les productions en fourrage, au cours de la saison des pluies suivante, ont été très satisfaisantes. Cette technique mise en pratique derrière une culture vivrière saisonnière avec ce que cela comporte d'avantages pour les plantes bouturées devrait donner des résultats d'un intérêt économique

scholarly journals Población de nematodos en forrajes tropicales en dos rangos de altura en el cantón de San Carlos, Alajuela

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo WingChing-Jones ◽  
Luís Salazar-Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis ◽  
San Carlos ◽  
Meloidogyne Sp

Se caracterizó la población de nematodos fitoparásitos presente en los pastos Sorgo negro (Sorghum almus), Camerún (Pennisetum purpureum var Camerun), King grass (Pennisetum purpureum var King grass), Tanzania (Panicum maximum var Tanzania), Brizantha (Brachiaria brizantha), Toledo (Brachiaria brizantha var Toledo), Estrella africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis), Mombaza (Panicum maximum var Mombaza), Ratana (Ischaemum ciliare) y la leguminosa maní forrajero (Arachis pintoi) en la localidad de San Carlos, Alajuela, de junio a noviembre del 2003. Se tomaron 5 muestras compuestas de suelo y de las raíces contenidas en el volumen de suelo para los forrajes evaluados, excepto para el pasto King grass, el Ratana y el Maní forrajero, en donde el número de muestras compuestas fue de 10 para cada material. Los nematodos Pratylenchus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Tylenchus sp., Criconemella sp., se identificaron en 8 de los pastos y en la leguminosa evaluada. El género Psilenchus sp., solo se presentó en el pasto Tanzania, mientras que el género Xiphinema sp., en los forrajes Tanzania, Brizantha, Ratana y en el maní forrajero. El género Paratylenchus sp., se contabilizó con los forrajes Tanzania, Brizantha y Ratana. En el pasto Toledo, Camerún y en el maní forrajero se observó Hemicycliophora sp. En cambio, Meloidogyne sp., se encontró en los pastos Brizantha y Ratana. Los nematodos no fitoparásitos se identificaron en los 9 pastos y la leguminosa evaluada.

scholarly journals THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF HAY FROM FOUR GRASS SPECIES CUT AT THREE STAGES OF GROWTH AT IBADAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-158
Author(s):  
F. O. Olubajo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis ◽  
Made In

Four grass species namely: Cynodon nlemfuensis var robustus (M); Pennisetum purpureum Schum (N); Cynodon nlemfuensis var nlemfuensis (P); and Panicum maximum Jacq. (Q), each between the 4th and 5th, 6th and 7th, and 8th and 9th week of regrowth, was cut in the fourth and fifth years of grazing for hay (i. e. in 1972 and 1973). Digestion trials with West African dwarf sheep showed that there were significant differences in the extent to which the dry matter of the different grass species was digested (P 0.001) and among the stages of growth (P 0.01). The differences between animals within and between treatments and the interactions between treatments and periods of cutting were statistically not significant. The differences among treatment means indicated that treatment Q (68.5 ± 2.73%) was digested better than treatment M (54.9 ± 7.18%, P 0.001), and treatments N and P (60.3 ± 5.37% and 58.7 ± 5.30% P 0.01) respectively. The digestibility of crude protein was generally low in each of the grass specie studied. This is probably a reflection of the low crude protein content of the grass hays which was below 9 percent of dry matter. It ranged from approximately 27.3 percent in treatment N for the 6th week regrowth hay to 51.9 percent in treatment Q for the hay harvested in the 8th week of regrowth. The differences among treatments, stage of maturity, and the interactions between treatments and stage of cutting were not statistically significant. Significant differences between treatments were observed in the digestion of the energy content of the feeds (P 0.001). Treatments N and Q were better digested than M and P (P 0.05). Expressed on metabolic size basis, the intakes of dry matter, crude protein, and energy showed significant differences between treatments and between ages at harvest. The intakes of dry matter in treatments Q, M, and P were significantly higher (P 0.05) than treatment N while there was more dry matter taken from the 4th and 8th week hays than from the hays made from the species harvested in the 6th week of regrowth (P 0.01). More crude protein was consumed per kg0.75 in treatments M, P and Q than in treatment N (P 0.01), and in treatment M than Q (P 0.05). There were higher protein intakes from hays made in the 4th and 8th than those made in 6th week of regrowth (P 0.05). Treatment Q supplied more energy per kgl. 75 than treatments M, P and N (P 0.05), while more energy was consumed per kilogramme of metabolic size in treatment P than in treatment N (P 0.05). Nutritive Value of Hay. The intake of digestible crude protein was relatively low and this probably accounted for the losses in the liveweight of the experimental animals. The results of the experiment are suggestive of the need for supplementary protein feed during the dry season if animals are to make any liveweight gains.

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