scholarly journals The Effects of Reading Goals on Learning in a Computer Mediated Environment

10.28945/2883 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy Schoeller
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Goal Time ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Reading Text ◽  
Teaching Goal

This study measured the effects of reading goals on learning in a computer mediated environment. Reading goals are defined as the purpose one has for reading. Learning is defined as adding to one’s prior knowledge. A computer mediated environment is defined as reading text from a computer monitor. 125 undergraduates (77 females) were given one of three reading goals: read to understand the text, read to take a test, or read to teach the material to another student. Then the participants read a long (3000+ words) passage of text from a computer screen. A computer program written in Microsoft QuickBasic 4.5 (copyright by Microsoft) presented the text on the screen four lines at a time, and measured how long students spent on each page initially, how many times students re-read pages, and how much time students spent re-reading pages. Half of the participants read passages with headings, while the other half read passages without headings. Learning was measured in three ways: recall of the main topics and supporting details of the passage, time spent reading each page of text and time spent re-reading pages, and number of times pages were re-read. Recall of supporting details was significantly greater for the teaching goal than the testing goal. Time spent re-reading was significantly greater for the teaching goal. Students with the knowing goal recalled significantly more supporting details than students with the testing goal. These findings suggest that reading goals do have an effect on learning in a computer mediated environment.

scholarly journals Setting Reading Goals and the Ultimate Achievement of Persian EFL Learners in a Computer-Mediated Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Amir Toghyani Khorasgani ◽  
Mohaddeseh Toghyani Khorasgani
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
The Other ◽  
L2 Reading ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Computer Screen ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Teaching Goal ◽  
L2 Reading Comprehension

This study aimed at investigating the effects of reading goals on L2 reading comprehension in a computer- mediated environment when reading is self-paced by the learners and students are responsible for their own comprehension. Sixty participants (30 males & 30 females) in three groups of 20 were provided with one of three reading goals: read to comprehend the text, read to take a test, and read to teach the material to another student. Then, the participants were asked to read two passages on a computer screen. A computer program, written in C#.NET program, presented the text on the screen four lines at a time, and measured the amount of time students would spend on each page initially, how many times students re-read pages, and how much time students would spend re-reading pages. L2 learners’ comprehension and learning strategies were measured in three ways: recall of materials, time spent reading each page of the text and time spent re-reading pages, and the number of times pages were re-read. Finally, after one month from the first test a posttest was administered to determine which group could remember materials better. The results revealed that recall of materials was significantly greater for the teaching-goal group than the other two groups in both first and second tests. Time spent re-reading was significantly greater for the teaching-goal group as well. These findings suggest that reading goals do have an effect on comprehension and recalling in a computer-mediated environment and students with a different reading goal performed differently while reading passages. This study proposed a way to reduce the burden of teaching on teachers and made the learners responsible for their study. Keywords: reading goals, computer-mediated reading environment, learning, immediate and delayed recall. 

Dynamical behavior of simplified FitzHugh–Nagumo neural system with time delay driven by Lévy noise

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150240
Author(s):  
Weida Qiu ◽  
Yongfeng Guo ◽  
Xiuxian Yu
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
First Passage Time ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Neural System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lévy Noise ◽  
First Passage ◽  
Levy Noise ◽  
System With Time Delay

In this paper, the dynamical behavior of the FitzHugh–Nagumo (FHN) neural system with time delay driven by Lévy noise is studied from two aspects: the mean first-passage time (MFPT) and the probability density function (PDF) of the first-passage time (FPT). Using the Janicki–Weron algorithm to generate the Lévy noise, and through the order-4 Runge–Kutta algorithm to simulate the FHN system response, the time that the system needs from one stable state to the other one is tracked in the process. Using the MATLAB software to simulate the process above 20,000 times and recording the PFTs, the PDF of the FPT and the MFPT is obtained. Finally, the effects of the Lévy noise and time-delay on the FPT are discussed. It is found that the increase of both time-delay feedback intensity and Lévy noise intensity can promote the transition of the particle from the resting state to the excited state. However, the two parameters produce the opposite effects in the other direction.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence and copyright

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Daryna Prylypko
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Level ◽  
Human Agent ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The One ◽  
Justice Practice

Key words: copyright, work, artificial intelligence, computer program In the article, the problemsof legislation of Ukraine regarding the issues of copyright on works created due to artificialintelligence were analyzed. Particularly, who is the owner of copyright ofworks created due to artificial intelligence. On the one hand, it could be a developer ofa computer program, from the other hand, it could be a client or an employer. Because,it could happen that there is a situation when robots created something newand original, e.g., how it happened with the project “New Rembrandt”. In this case,computers created a unique portrait of Rembrandt. And here is a question, where isin this portrait original and intellectual works of developers of these computers andprograms. In the contrast, this portrait could be created without people who developedspecial machines, programs, and computers. The article’s author proposes to addinto Ukrainian legislation with following norm: the owner of the copyright createddue to artificial intelligence should be a natural person who uses artificial intelligencefor these purposes within the official relationship or on the basis of a contract. In caseof automatic generation of such work by artificial intelligence, the owner of copyrightshould be the developer.Also, another question arises, particularly, who will be responsible for the damagecaused by the artificial intelligence. As an example, of the solution for this issue Resolution2015/2103 (INL) was given, where is mentioned that human agent could be responsiblefor the caused damage. Because, it is not always a developer is responsiblefor the damage.Also, the legislation and justice practice of foreign countries was explored. Theways of overcoming mentioned problems in legislation of Ukraine were proposed.Such as changing our legislation and giving the exact explanation in who is the ownerof copyright on works created due to artificial intelligence and in which cases this personcould become an owner of the copyright. However, probably, these issues shouldbe resolved at international level regarding globalization.

Articulated dissent and immediacy: a cross-national analysis of the effects of COVID-19 lockdowns

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Michael Croucher ◽  
Stephanie Kelly ◽  
Chen Hui ◽  
Kenneth J. Rocker ◽  
Joanna Cullinane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
The Usa ◽  
National Analysis ◽  
Cross National

Purpose In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study aims to explore how working remotely might impact the superior–subordinate relationship. Specifically, this study examines how immediacy explains articulated dissent, considers how an individual’s attitudes toward online communication predicts immediacy and articulated dissent and compares these relationships in England, Australia and the USA. Design/methodology/approach Three nations were examined: Australia, England and the USA (n = 1,776). Surveys included demographic questions and the following measures: organizational dissent scale, perceived immediacy measure, computer-mediated immediate behaviors measure and measure of online communication attitude. Findings The results reveal supervisors’ computer-mediated immediate behaviors and perceived immediacy both positively predict dissent. Some aspects of online communication attitudes positively predict computer-mediated immediate behaviors and perceived immediacy. In addition, attitudes toward online communication positively predict dissent. National culture influences some of these relationships; in each case the effects were substantively larger for the USA when compared to the other nations. Originality/value This study is the first to cross-culturally analyze dissent and immediacy. In addition, this study considers the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic influences the superior–subordinate relationship.

WATER FLOWS AROUND THE COMB PLATES OF THE CTENOPHORE PLEUROBRACHIA PLOTTED BY COMPUTER: A MODEL SYSTEM FOR STUDYING PROPULSION BY ANTIPLECTIC METACHRONISM

1993 ◽  
Vol 177 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Barlow ◽  
M. A. Sleigh ◽  
R. J. White
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Model System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Pleurobrachia Pileus

Patterns of water flow around steadily beating comb plates of Pleurobrachia pileus were tracked using suspended plastic beads. The positions of the beads and the comb plates in the plane of the central longitudinal axis of the comb row were digitised from high-speed cine films covering several beat cycles. All of the data from each sequence were combined using a computer program which integrated them into a standard cycle, and the resulting data were plotted by a second computer program to produce charts for different stages in the beat cycle showing the flow velocity at a grid of points. On these charts, contour maps were drawn to indicate the speed and direction of the water flow. Water is drawn towards each comb row from ahead and from the sides and accelerates strongly backwards in a fairly narrow stream which joins those from the other seven comb rows at the rear of the animal. At a beat frequency of 10 Hz the comb plates move with a tip speed of up to 70 mm s-1 in their effective stroke; they have an estimated Reynolds number of 9 in this stroke. Changes in inter- plate volume between adjacent antiplectically coordinated plates are very important in propulsion, particularly near the end of the effective stroke when pairs of adjacent plates close together and cause the high-speed water from around the ciliary tips to be shed into the overlying stream as a series of jets at speeds of 50 mm s-1 or more. The antiplectic coordination of the comb plates makes a major contribution to the efficiency of propulsion.

Global Trends in Income Inequality: Theory Versus Reality

2017 ◽  
pp. 143-168
Author(s):  
Venkat Venkatasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Inequality Theory ◽  
Theory Versus ◽  
Income Data ◽  
The U.S

We compare the predictions of our theory with empirical income data from a dozen different countries. We define a new measure of inequality, called the non-ideal inequality coefficient. We show that Norway is close to ideal inequality for the bottom 99% of the population while the U.S. is the most non-ideal at the other extreme. The other countries are in between these two. We find it remarkable that the Scandinavian societies have discovered the near-ideal share by themselves in practice without any prior knowledge of even its existence.

scholarly journals Calculation of Multiple Critical Depths in Open Channels Using an Adaptive Cubic Polynomials Algorithm

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Petikas ◽  
Evangelos Keramaris ◽  
Vasilis Kanakoudis
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Simple Formula ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Depth ◽  
Compound Channel ◽  
Local Minima ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Cubic Polynomials ◽  
The Given

A method for the calculation of multiple critical depths in compound and natural channels, using an adaptive cubic polynomials algorithm (ACPA), is presented in this paper. The algorithm is based on the approximation of the specific energy with multiple cubic polynomials. The roots of these polynomials’ derivatives are determined to calculate all local minima and maxima. These extremities yield the critical depths. Furthermore, the Froude number can be calculated at any elevation by applying a simple formula after calculating the derivative of the corresponding polynomial, which contains the given elevation. The algorithm developed was tested on various compound and natural channels. Its results were then compared with the results provided by the HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center – River Analysis System) computer program, proving that in some cases ACPA results were more accurate than those of HEC-RAS. This has to do with the fact that HEC-RAS algorithm determines a single critical depth and is better fitted to simple prismatic channels. On the other hand, the ACPA algorithm is able to calculate all critical depths of a natural or compound channel, providing thus more accurate results.

Cooperation and Collaboration Using Computer-Mediated Communication

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley G. Hathorn ◽  
Albert L. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Collaborative Groups ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Cost

This study operationally defined and measured collaboration and compared the products and structure of collaborative groups that used computer-mediated communication. Key characteristics of collaboration selected from the literature were interdependence, synthesis, and independence, and a model for evaluating these characteristics was developed. All communication in this study occurred via asynchronous computer-mediated communication, using a threaded Web discussion. Participants in the study were graduate students, studying the same course with the same instructor at two venues. The students were divided into small groups from one or both venues, and four of these groups were studied. All students were given a problem to solve involving the cost-benefit trade-offs of distance education. The groups received different instructions. Two of them were told to collaborate on a solution, and the other two were told to select a role and discuss the problem from that point of view. Groups that were instructed to collaborate were more collaborative, but they produced a solution of a lower quality than the other groups. No conclusions could be drawn from the results on the structure of the groups. The role of collaboration in problem solving is discussed along with methods for creating more effective collaboration.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document