scholarly journals A Novel Macroscopic Traffic Model based on Distance Headway

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Zawar H. Khan ◽  
T. Aaron Gulliver ◽  
Khurram S. Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Circular Ring ◽  
Small Distance ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Velocity Constant ◽  
Driver Response ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Zhang Model

A new model is proposed to characterize changes in traffic at transitions. These changes are affected by driver response. The distance headway between vehicles is considered as it affects driver behavior. Driver response is quick with a small distance headway and slow when the distance headway is large. The variations in traffic are greater with a slow driver while traffic is smooth with a quick driver. A model is developed which characterizes traffic based on driver response and distance headway. This model is compared with the well-known and widely employed Zhang and PW models. The Zhang model characterizes driver response at transitions using an equilibrium velocity distribution and ignores distance headway and driver response. Traffic flow in the PW model is characterized using only a velocity constant. Roe decomposition is employed to evaluate the Zhang, PW, and proposed models over a 270 m circular (ring) road. Results are presented which show that Zhang model provides unrealistic results. The corresponding behavior with the proposed model has large variations in flow with a slow driver but is smooth with a quick driver. The PW model provides smooth changes in flow according to the velocity constant, but the behavior is unrealistic because it is not based on traffic physics. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2021-07-03 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals A Macroscopic Traffic Model based on Driver Reaction and Traffic Stimuli

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 2848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zawar H. Khan ◽  
Waheed Imran ◽  
Sajid Azeem ◽  
Khurram S. Khattak ◽  
T. Aaron Gulliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Traffic Flow Model ◽  
Velocity Constant ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Macroscopic Traffic Flow ◽  
Macroscopic Traffic Model ◽  
Traffic Behavior

A new macroscopic traffic flow model is proposed, which considers driver presumption based on driver reaction and traffic stimuli. The Payne–Whitham (PW) model characterizes the traffic flow based on a velocity constant C 0 which results in unrealistic density and velocity behavior. Conversely, the proposed model characterizes traffic behavior with velocities based on the distance headway. The performance of the proposed and PW models is evaluated over a 300 m circular road for an inactive bottleneck. The results obtained show that the traffic behavior with the proposed model is more realistic.

The Cauchy problem for the Aw–Rascle–Zhang traffic model with locally constrained flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Garavello ◽  
Stefano Villa
Keyword(s):  
Cauchy Problem ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Existence Of Solutions ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
The Cauchy Problem ◽  
Generalized Momentum ◽  
Zhang Model ◽  
Constrained Flow

We study the Cauchy problem for the Aw–Rascle–Zhang model for traffic flow with a flux constraint located at [Formula: see text]. The purpose of such a traffic model is to describe an obstruction in a road, such as a toll gate or a construction site. We consider here the concept of solutions introduced by Garavello and Goatin in 2011, which conserves the total number of cars flowing through the obstruction, but does not conserve the generalized momentum. We prove the existence of such solutions to the Cauchy problem by using the wavefront tracking method. We also compare our results with another concept of solutions introduced also by Garavello and Goatin in 2011 for the same model with a flux constraint. For this second formulation, Andreianov, Donadello, and Rosini had also proved the existence of solutions to the Cauchy problem.

The Effect of a Temporary Bottleneck in Two-Lane of a Road on Traffic Flow Based on the Kerner-Klenov-Wolf Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Hai Jun Liang ◽  
Hong Yu Yang ◽  
Chao Xiao ◽  
Peng Sheng ◽  
Jian Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Lane Changing ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Model Based ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
The Difference

Considering a temporary bottleneck made by special accidents, we proposed a new two-lane traffic model based on the KKW (Kerner–Klenov-Wolf) model. According to the difference of driver behavior and vehicle type, we present a new asymmetry lane-changing rules and the model of grabbing the entrance of a bottleneck. In our simulation, as demonstrated by various examples, the asymmetry lane-changing and the heterogeneous distribution of vehicles easily result in complex fluctuations of traffic flow and jam.

Time-Space Research of the Two Safety Deceleration Models

2014 ◽  
Vol 496-500 ◽  
pp. 2950-2954
Author(s):  
Wei Jun Pan ◽  
Na Lu
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Original Model ◽  
Space Research ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Ca Model ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Real Traffic

The SDNS cellular automata (CA) traffic model is chosen as the method to point out the fault in the original model by analyzing the condition of safety deceleration. An improved CA model is proposed in this paper through adjustment of the evolution steps and the redefinition of safe deceleration conditions. Thousands of simulations have been carried out. Comparing with SDNS model and original safety deceleration model with the proposed model in this paper, when emerging congestion, the combined action of urging and safe deceleration enabled system self-adjustment so that efficiently mitigated congestion. This proves that the stop status of the whole traffic flow has been improved, which have been observed in real traffic.

scholarly journals Macroscopic Traffic Flow Characterization at Bottlenecks

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1227-1242
Author(s):  
Amir Iftikhar ◽  
Zawar H. Khan ◽  
T. Aaron Gulliver ◽  
Khurram S. Khattak ◽  
Mushtaq A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Driver Response ◽  
Lwr Model ◽  
Upwind Difference Scheme ◽  
Flow Characterization ◽  
Traffic Flow Models

Traffic congestion is a significant issue in urban areas. Realistic traffic flow models are crucial for understanding and mitigating congestion. Congestion occurs at bottlenecks where large changes in density occur. In this paper, a traffic flow model is proposed which characterizes traffic at the egress and ingress to bottlenecks. This model is based on driver response which includes driver reaction and traffic stimuli. Driver reaction is based on time headway and driver behavior which can be classified as sluggish, typical or aggressive. Traffic stimuli are affected by the transition width and changes in the equilibrium velocity distribution. The explicit upwind difference scheme is used to evaluate the Lighthill, Whitham, and Richards (LWR) and proposed models with a continuous injection of traffic into the system. A stability analysis of these models is given and both are evaluated over a road of length 10 km which has a bottleneck. The results obtained show that the behavior with the proposed model is more realistic than with the LWR model. This is because the LWR model cannot adequately characterize driver behavior during changes in traffic flow.

scholarly journals A Macroscopic Traffic Model Based on the Safe Velocity at Transitions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1060-1069
Author(s):  
Zawar Hussain Khan ◽  
Thomas Aaron Gulliver ◽  
Waheed Imran
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Target Velocity ◽  
Traffic Dynamics ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Lwr Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Traffic Behavior

The increasing volume of vehicles on the road has had a significant impact on traffic flow. Congestion in urban areas is now a major concern. To mitigate congestion, an accurate model is required which is based on realistic traffic dynamics. A new traffic model is proposed based on the conservation law of vehicles which considers traffic dynamics at transitions. Traffic alignment to forward conditions is affected by the time and distance between vehicles. Thus, the well-known Lighthill, Whitham, and Richards (LWR) model is modified to account for traffic behavior during alignment. A model for inhomogeneous traffic flow during transitions is proposed which can be used to characterize traffic evolution. The performance of the proposed model is compared with the LWR model using the Greenshields and Underwood target velocity distributions. These models are evaluated using the Godunov technique and numerical stability is guaranteed by considering the Courant, Friedrich, and Lewy (CFL) condition. The results obtained show that the proposed model characterizes the flow more realistically, and thus can provide better insight into traffic behavior for use in controlling congestion and pollution levels, and improving public safety. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091710 Full Text: PDF

Theoretical analysis of bifurcations in a microscopic traffic model accounting for optimal velocity

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (27) ◽  
pp. 1750244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Qing Wang ◽  
Bo-Wen Yan ◽  
Chao-Fan Zhou ◽  
Xing-Jian Chu ◽  
De-Chen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Optimal Velocity ◽  
Traffic Flow Model ◽  
Proposed Model

In this paper, a modified microscopic traffic flow model accounting for the optimal velocity has been proposed. Different with previous models, drivers’ response ability and the maximum of accelerations are considered in the term of the optimal velocity. The effect of parameters in the term of the optimal velocity on bifurcations in the rotary traffic is studied here. Besides, the evolvement of bifurcations in the system is calculated by performing numerical simulation experiments. Moreover, the linear stability analysis of the proposed model is presented.

Driver Response Times to Side Road Path Intrusions from SHRP-2 Naturalistic Database

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1525-1529
Author(s):  
Swaroop Dinakar ◽  
Jeffrey Muttart ◽  
Jeffrey Suway ◽  
J.S. Forensics ◽  
Jim Marr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Driver Behavior ◽  
The Other ◽  
Response Behavior ◽  
Driver Response ◽  
Emergency Events ◽  
Behavior Systems

In an age where all major manufacturers are trying to get a better understanding of when an emergency response should be triggered, it becomes imperative to learn how humans respond to emergency events. If one can understand driver behavior, systems can be designed around the user to either assist drivers where they fail to perform well or completely eliminate them from the accident avoidance maneuver. In this study, 169 crash and near crash events from the SHRP2 dataset were analyzed. The response behavior of drivers was measured in events where the through drivers’ path was intruded upon by another vehicle perpendicular to its path. Overall, drivers responded significantly faster when the other vehicle failed to stop, and at intersection locations.

Investigation on Evaluation of Terminal Departure Capacity Based on Route Intersection

2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 2262-2265
Author(s):  
Jian Guo Kong
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Flow Management ◽  
Air Traffic Flow Management ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Traffic Flow Management ◽  
Airport Terminal

Air traffic flow management is the key to evaluate airspace capacity reasonably and accurately. Based on the flight features of terminal route intersection, this paper builds a mathematical model for scattered flight of departure aircraft, and then evaluates the terminal capacity based on this model. By combining data from Flight Data Recorder (FDR) and flight schedule with the model, an example-runway 02R of Guangzhou Baiyun airport terminal was given to show the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Research and Improvement of the Keep-Right-Except-to-Pass Rule

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 459-463
Author(s):  
He Quan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Mechanics ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Traffic Model ◽  
Light Traffic ◽  
The Road ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Light Passing ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
The Impact

In order to deal with the impact on traffic flow of the rule, we compare the influence factors of traffic flow (passing, etc.) into viscous resistance of fluid mechanics, and establish a traffic model based on fluid mechanics. First, in heavy and light traffic, we respectively use this model to simulate the actual segment of the road and find that when the traffic is heavy, the rule hinder the further increase in traffic. For this reason, we make further improvements to the model to obtain a fluid traffic model based on no passing and find that the improved model makes traffic flow increase significantly. Then, the improved model is applied to the light traffic, we find there are no significant changes in traffic flow .In this regard we propose a new rule: when the traffic is light, passing is allowed, but when the traffic is heavy, passing is not allowed.

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