scholarly journals The Siberian Polonia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century in the Polish historiography

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shaidurov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The period between the 19th – early 20th century witnessed waves of actively forming Polish communities in Russia’s rural areas. A major factor that contributed to the process was the repressive policy by the Russian Empire towards those involved in the Polish national liberation and revolutionary movement. Large communities were founded in Siberia, the Volga region, Caucasus, and European North of Russia (Arkhangelsk). One of the largest communities emerged in Siberia. By the early 20th century, the Polonia in the region consisted of tens of thousands of people. The Polish population was engaged in Siberia’s economic life and was an important stakeholder in business. Among the most well-known Polish-Siberian entrepreneurs was Alfons Poklewski-Koziell who was called the “Vodka King of Siberia” by his contemporaries. Poles, who returned from Siberian exile and penal labor, left recollections of their staying in Siberia or notes on the region starting already from the middle of the 19th century. It was this literature that was the main source of information about the life of the Siberian full for a long time. Exile undoubtedly became a significant factor that was responsible for Russia’s negative image in the historical memory of Poles. This was reflected in publications based on the martyrological approach in the Polish historiography. Glorification of the struggle of Poles to restore their statehood was a central standpoint adopted not only in memoirs, but also in scientific studies that appeared the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The martyrological approach dominated the Polish historiography until 1970s. It was not until the late 20th century that serious scientific research started utilizing the civilizational approach, which broke the mold of the Polish historical science. This is currently a leading approach. This enables us to objectively reconstruct the history of the Siberian Polonia in the imperial period of the Russian history. The article is intended to analyze publications by Polish authors on the history of the Polish community in Siberia the 19th – early 20th century. It focuses on memoirs and research works, which had an impact on the reconstruction of the Siberian Polonia’s history. The paper is written using the retrospective, genetic, and comparative methods.re.

scholarly journals The path of logic in Ukraine

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
И.В. Хоменко
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
History Of Logic ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper traces the development of history of logic in Ukraine in the 19th century and early 20th century. The author particularly discusses and compares the logical concepts of representatives of Kyiv philosophies, who made their contribution to the development of logic as a science and academic discipline. Some of them had sunk into oblivion for a long time and their names are still unknown in the logic community.

scholarly journals The Long History of Lutheranism in Scandinavia. From State Religion to the People’s Church

Perichoresis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Pirjo Markkola
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Lutheran Church ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Evangelical Lutheran Church ◽  
In The Beginning

Abstract As the main religion of Finland, but also of entire Scandinavia, Lutheranism has a centuries-long history. Until 1809 Finland formed the eastern part of the Swedish Kingdom, from 1809 to 1917 it was a Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire, and in 1917 Finland gained independence. In the 1520s the Lutheran Reformation reached the Swedish realm and gradually Lutheranism was made the state religion in Sweden. In the 19th century the Emperor in Russia recognized the official Lutheran confession and the status of the Lutheran Church as a state church in Finland. In the 20th century Lutheran church leaders preferred to use the concept people’s church. The Lutheran Church is still the majority church. In the beginning of 2015, some 74 percent of all Finns were members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. In this issue of Perichoresis, Finnish historians interested in the role of church and Christian faith in society look at the religious history of Finland and Scandinavia. The articles are mainly organized in chronological order, starting from the early modern period and covering several centuries until the late 20th century and the building of the welfare state in Finland. This introductory article gives a brief overview of state-church relations in Finland and presents the overall theme of this issue focusing on Finnish Lutheranism. Our studies suggest that 16th and early 17th century Finland may not have been quite so devoutly Lutheran as is commonly claimed, and that late 20th century Finland may have been more Lutheran than is commonly realized.

A. L. Shanyavskii University in the Epicenter of the Revolutionary Movement of Late 19th – Early 20th Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 1092-1102
Author(s):  
Roman A. Fando ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Political Agitation ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

The article is devoted to the history of revolutionary unrest among students at the turn of the 20th century. Activities of informal student associations that conducted a broad agitation campaign within the walls of the A. L. Shanyavskii University in the early 20th century serve as an example. Unlike many other higher educational institutions, the Moscow City People's University became a hotbed of revolutionary outbreaks, fueled both by teachers and students of the university. University professors N. N. Polyansky, M. D. Zagryatskov, V. V. Krasnokutsky, A. V. Gorbunov, P. P. Gensen, P. N. Sakulin, A. A. Kizevetter called for democratic reforms in their lectures and criticized the foundations of the monarchy. Among other politicized communities of the University, the Latvian Social-Democratic group, which included M. I. Latsis and I. V. Tsivtsivadze, was especially prominent. Many students united around Social Democrat Ts. Zelikson-Bobrovskaya and Bolshevik A. A. Znamensky. The students of Shanyavskii University equipped a printing house and printed leaflets of revolutionary content. On the account of frequent cases of political agitation in the student environment, university lectures were attended by the police. Nevertheless, despite the police surveillance, the atmosphere at the university was quite liberal, and the revolutionary-minded associations continued to thrive there. The revolutionary events that were prepared with such energy (among others) by students of the A. L. Shanyavskii University and liberal-minded part of their professors, eventually led to greater collapse of the ideals of accessible higher education that A.L. Shanyavskii preached. The Bolsheviks, having received the reins of government in 1917, could not establish a working system of administration or even approximate the however well established pre-revolutionary order, and thereupon in 1920 the University of A.L. Shanyavskii ceased to exist. Several documents found in the State Archive of the Russian Federation allow to recreate the historical picture of the revolutionary movement within the walls of the Moscow City People's University.

Muslim Social Movement on the Periphery of the Russian Empire as Viewed by a Gendarmerie Agent: Materials from the State Archive of the Astrakhan Region

2018 ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Marina M. Imasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

In a stand-alone fond ‘Astrakhan Gubernia Gendarmerie Department’ from the State Archive of the Astrakhan Region, there are several files concerning the history of the Muslim social movement in the Astrakhan gubernia in the period between the two Russian revolutions. According to statistical data, in 1900s Astrakhan ranked second in Tatar population, falling short only of Kazan. Then and there, as in other places, institutionalization and activation of the Muslim social movement was underway. But the Astrakhan Muslim community had several specific features due to its history. First of all, it was multinational. The cosmopolitan Muslim community, the mahalla, had its own nature, and that left its imprint on the social movement in the region. The gendarmerie agent took interest in all aspects of Muslims social activity in the region: cultural and educational organizations, secular education, periodicals. The gendarmerie materials described personalities and activities of prominent Muslim figures of the early 20th century, not just of the regional, but also of the all-Russian scale. The uniqueness of the document is in its information potential for studying the Tatar and Muslim national movement in the Russian Empire, its impact on the life style of the ethno-confessional enclave of the Astrakhan Muslims, and history of its relations with gendarmerie. The author examines factors that contributed to the creation of the document, analyzes historical facts and reliability of information on different subjects, provides some interesting information on the Astrakhan Muslim social movement of the early 20th century, its leaders, etc.

scholarly journals Imperial parliament for a hybrid empire: Representative experiments in the early 20th-century Russian Empire

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Semyonov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Mass Politics ◽  
Parliamentary Reform ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imperial Politics ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Political Solidarity

This article argues that the history of Russian constitutional and parliamentary reform in the early 20th century can be cast in a new light in view of the global transformation of political life under the challenge of imperial diversity and mass politics. The article points out that imperial diversity as a challenge to democratic government was not unique to the Russian Empire. The character of the Russian Empire was marked by peculiarities; it was shaped by composite and hybrid imperial space, which placed the challenge of imperial diversity at the center of political practices and imaginaries. The article traces the history of political reform in the Russian Empire in the early 20th century focusing on the reform of the Sejm of the Grand Duchy of Finland and the novel practices and political imaginaries of imperial diversity in the first and second State Duma. The exploration of the history of the constitutional reform in the Russian Empire of early 20th century demonstrates that rather than being absolute antagonists to representative government, Russian imperial politics and traditions of imperial sovereignty nested possibilities of compromise and redefinition of political solidarity in the space of diversity.

scholarly journals XIX Pavlenkov Readings: Book Publishing in Russia in the 19th - early 20th century

2015 ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Ol’ga N. Ilyina ◽  
Natal’ya G. Patrusheva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Book Publishing ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Conference ◽  
National Library ◽  
Publishing History ◽  
Culture History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article presents information on the International scientific conference XIX Pavlenkov Readings held on 13-15 October, 2015 in the National Library of Russia, traditionally considering the history of book publishing in pre-revolutionary Russia of the 19th - early 20th century. The conference was devoted to I. Frolova - the historian-bibliognost, a quarter of century having led the Sector of bibliology of the National Library of Russia. At the plenary session and three sections (“History of publishing, History of book collections and rare books”, “History of censorship”) there were highlighted various aspects of book culture history of the Russian Empire: issues of publishing, bookselling, history of censorship, libraries, readership, bibliophilism, and book publishing in the province. Conference

The Early Canadian History of Anorexia Nervosa

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S Goldbloom
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Canadian History ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Careful Scrutiny ◽  
History Of ◽  
Original Case

Objective: To examine several early Canadian descriptions of anorexia nervosa (AN) in light of modern understanding of the disorder. Method: Two clinical reports of AN from the late 19th century and early 20th century in Canada are cited and summarized. These original case descriptions are then compared with late 20th century knowledge of the disorder. Results: Both of these early descriptions contain many astute and prescient observations on the etiology and sequelae of AN and reveal a compassionate approach to patient care. Conclusions: Canadian contributions to the medical literature on AN prior to 1970 merit both careful scrutiny and appreciation in the world literature on this disorder.

History, Art and Consumerism— Richard Powers’ Three Farmers on Their Way to a Dance

CLEaR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Kušnír
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Richard Powers ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Abstract This article analyzes three narrative lines as depicted in Richard Powers’ Three Farmers on Their Way to a Dance (1985) and the way his depiction of real, photographed, present and past characters along with a narrative reference to a photograph create a metafictional and intertextual frameworks through the use of which Powers symbolically points out a sensibility of the late 20th century and its difference from early 20th century related to the vision of the world, understanding of reality, art, and history. In addition, the article emphasizes Powers’ use of postmodern allegory and the way it creates another meaning which points out a commercial and consumerist character of the 20th century and which also symbolically represents a history of technical and artistic depiction of the world.

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