THE EMERGENCE OF ANCIENT GREEK HISTORICAL THOUGHT AND THE ARCHAIC IONIAN SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-29
Author(s):  
Igor E. Surikov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Special Interest ◽  
World View ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Natural Scientists ◽  
Natural Philosophers ◽  
Historical Thought

Ancient Greek historical thought came into existence in the 6th century B.C. It was the period when two tendencies, the rationalist and mystic ones, struggled with each other in the Hellenic Weltanschauung (world view). Early historians were influenced both by the latter and – especially – by the former, which gave birth to the Archaic Ionian science (Thales, Anaximander). The paper shows that the influence of natural scientists upon historiographers manifested itself, for instance, in the fact that from the works of the latter, starting with Hecataeus, lacked parts devoted to theogony disappear (in Acusilaus, such a part was still present). The author also traces the serious interest in geography among both Greek natural philosophers and first historians. Anaximander made the earliest in Greece geographical map and Hecataeus improved it. The historians of the first generations after Hecateus can be divided into two groups: those who, like Hecateus, had a special interest not only in history, but also in geography, and those who did not. The second group includes the Athenian Ferekides and Gellanik. As for the first group, Charon of Lampsak and Damast of Sigei can be added to it – this line comes up to Herodotus.

EARLY CHRISTIAN REPRESENTATIONS OF MAN BETWEEN THE BIBLE AND GREEK PHILOSOPHY – THE FEATURES OF THE RELATIONSHIP

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
A. V. Laputko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
World View ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Greek Philosophy ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Early Christian ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Ancient Greek Philosophy ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Final Design

The article examines the preconditions for the formation of Christian ideas about man. The emphasis is on the fact that the doctrine of a person has never been a separate problem of theology, and, consequently, was formed in parallel and within the basic tenets of Christianity. The author focuses attention on the contradiction in understanding the origin of representations of a person between the traditional branches of Christianity. On the whole, while remaining in common positions, each denomination identifies its own fundamental source of the origin of anthropological ideas, not taking into account the complex and contradictory path of interpenetration of the ideas of ancient Greek philosophy and Christianity. The author shows the path of formation of the main anthropological representations from the Old Testament notions to the New Testament, which receive their final design only in the works of apologists of Christianity brought up by the logic and culture of thinking of ancient philosophy. Thus, the birth of a new world-view anthropological paradigm, which remains one of the most popular and discursive in the modern world, takes place within the framework of a dialogue between ancient Greek philosophical thought and Old Testament ideas.

The Physical Cosmos: Aristotelian Dialectics

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-109
Author(s):  
Anthony Cordingley
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Trinity College Dublin ◽  
Creative Transformation ◽  
Cosmic Order ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

This chapter explores the impact of the dialectics of the Ancient world after Plato upon Beckett’s French novels and the peculiar set of relations between characters and their physical environment in How It Is. It accounts for the presence of Aristotelian ideas of cosmic order, syllogism, space and time. Beckett’s study of formal logic as a student at Trinity College, Dublin and his private study of philosophy in 1932 is examined in this light; particularly his “Philosophy Notes,” along with further sources for his knowledge. The Aristotelian world view of his “I” is shown to be confronted with a set of relations resembling those of the Ancient Greek Stoics. The materiality of spatio-temporal relations in How It Is and the metaphysical coordinates between the “I”, its cosmos and any transcendent other are interrogated. The dialectic between Aristotelian and Stoic physics and metaphysics in How It Is emerges as a conceptual framework for exploring many of the novel’s contradictions, as well as the many confusions and digressions of its narrator/narrated. Beckett’s creative transformation of this ancient dialectic is shown, furthermore, to lead him to formal innovations, such as the novel’s continuous present tense and its complex narrative structure.

Segments of the Public Most Critical of Newspapers' Credibility: A Psychographic Analysis

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilie Gaziano ◽  
Kristin McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Special Interest ◽  
World View ◽  
Social Alienation ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Interest ◽  
Media Responsibility

Psychographic concepts were developed of attitudes toward media responsibility, news involvement and social alienation to learn more about two groups within the public who are the most critical of newspapers. One group, termed “sophisticated skeptics,” may be of special interest to newspapers because of its high interest in news and newspapers but potentially low loyalty to specific newspapers. This group is the most vocal and active of the two, and members are likely to hold a world view very different from that of many newspaper journalists. This difference may contribute to lack of trust in newspapers.

Melody and word accent relationships in ancient Greek musical documents: the Pitch Height Rule

2006 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 66-81
Author(s):  
Charles H. Cosgrove ◽  
Mary C. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Pitch Height ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Melodic Contour ◽  
Compositional Technique ◽  
Pitch Level ◽  
History Of

AbstractIt has long been known from the extant ancient Greek musical documents that some composers correlated melodic contour with word accents. Up to now, the evidence of this compositional technique has been judged impressionistically. In this article a statistical method of interpretation through computer simulation is set forth and applied to the musical texts, focusing on the convention of correlating a word's accent with the highest pitch level in the melody for that word: the Pitch Height Rule. The results provide a sounder basis for judging evidence for the operation of this convention in specific pieces and a sharper delineation of its use in the history of ancient Greek music. The ‘rule’ was used by at least some composers from the late second century BC through the second century AD, but there is no certainty that it was used before or after this period. In some cases where previous scholars have discovered the rule's operation, statistical analysis casts doubt. Of special interest is the showing that one piece long judged as offering no evidence of the use of the rule probably displays an inversion or parody of the rule for rhetorical-musical effect.

Border troubles. Some uncertainties of legal transfer

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-183
Author(s):  
Claudius Messner
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
World View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Western Art ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
The One ◽  
Legal Rationality

AbstractIssues of production, translation and transformation of texts are explored in the light of the differences between modern Western legal thought and Chinese views of legal rationality. Contemporary Chinese culture is often viewed with suspicion. On the one hand, Chinese thinking is mistrusted as influenced by the Confucian world view regarded as deeply irrational. On the other hand, China’s economical practises are often suspected of mere reproducing and copying. This paper is concerned neither with alleged or factual deficiencies of China’s legal rationality nor with violations of “intellectual property” or other rights or the governmental policies of the People’s Republic of China. My interest is the fact that accusation and concern for the Chinese practises of creation and transformation by copying and cloning seem to hit the nerve of Western modernity’s cult of authenticity. The very problem, the paper suggests, is our modern relation to the other and to the others. I will argue this in three steps: the first part starts from a discussion of ‘shanzhai’, the Chinese neologism pointing to alternative ways of production, before analysing the Western scandalization of plagiarism; drawing upon studies from various disciplines, specific aspects of writing and scripture, such as the the differentiation between real text and fiction, the idea of authentic speaking and the distinction between textual and functional equivalents, are explored. The second part is first about the role of truth and truthfulness in modern Western art and philosophy, then about the interpenetration of wisdom and cunning in ancient Greek and Chinese thought. The final part addresses the relation of reasonable knowledge and instrumental rationality in legal thinking. The Chinese notion of ‘quan’, law, is described as a jurisgenetic path of law. Against this background, open questions associated with legal “transplants” come to the fore.

The ‘Cleveland Medea’ Calyx Crater and the Iconography of Ancient Greek Theatre

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN REVERMANN
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Greek Tragedy ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Fourth Century Bce ◽  
History Of

This article examines a spectacular example of Greek theatre-related vase iconography, the so-called ‘Cleveland Medea’, by studying the ways in which a painter appropriates iconography for his own narrative purposes. Of special interest are the interactions called for by the vessel from its prospective viewers in the symposium context. Throughout, the artefact is treated as an important document of the cultural history of Greek tragedy in the fourth century BCE.

ΣϒPIΣKOΣ EΓPΦΣEN: Loaded Names, Artistic Identity, and Reading an Athenian Vase

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth D. Pevnick
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Artistic Identity ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Political Messages ◽  
Central Figure ◽  
The Many ◽  
Greek Pottery ◽  
Supreme Deity

This paper examines the importance of artist names and artistic identity, especially as expressed in artist signatures, to the interpretation of ancient Greek pottery. Attention is focused on a calyx krater signed ΣϒPIΣKOΣ EΓPΦΣEN [sic], and it is argued that the non-Greek ethnikon used as artist name encourages a non-Athenian reading of the iconography. The painted labels for all six figures on this vase, together with parallels from other Athenian red-figure vases—including others from the Syriskos workshop—all suggest the presentation of an alternative, un-Athenian world view. Okeanos, Dionysos, and Epaphos are read as representing faraway lands at the edges of the Ge Panteleia, or “entire earth,” while the central figure of Themis, Greek personification of divine right, is depicted pouring a libation to Balos, the Hellenized form of the Syrian supreme god Baal, thereby recognizing his status as a supreme deity. Other overtly political messages have been read elsewhere in the oeuvre of the Syriskos Workshop, where it seems that at least two distinct artistic identities were at play—the explicitly foreign “little Syrian,” and the more conventional Pistoxenos, or “trustworthy foreigner.” When explicitly signed on vessels, these artistic identities necessarily sway interpretation, whereas on the many unsigned pieces, the viewer is left to consider which identity is at play.

scholarly journals Negotiated Peripherality in Iron Age Greece: Accepting and Resisting the East

1996 ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Morris
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Near East ◽  
World View ◽  
Tenth Century ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Local Leadership ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Burial Customs ◽  
First Millennium

Most archaeologists argue that the Aegean was cut off from the Near East in the tenth century B.C., but a new position is winning favor, seeing Iron Age Greece as a periphery to a Lcvantinc core. In this paper, I argue for a more complex model of negotiated peripherality. I try to understand how Greeks made sense of the East. For this, variations in local leadership were crucial Political changes in the Near East c. 1050 B.C. reduced contacts, and in the central Aegean, a new mythology emerged, stressing isolation in time and space and making sense of these shrinking horizons. People deliberately emphasized isolation in ritual, with one exception, a remarkable burial at Lefkandi c. 975 B.C. This inverted normal symbolic practices, using Orientalizing antiques and burial customs which throughout the first millennium were linked to the idea of a vanished race of semidivine heroes. This opposition between an inward-turned present and an expansionist past remained central to ancient Greek social structure..The tenth-century world-view explained isolation and decline; but I concentrate on the ninth century, in which contacts revived. I argue that some leaders struggled to preserve the model of isolation, while others embraced the East, or sought compromise. I trace these style wars at five sites, showing how the use of orientalia generally declined after 850 B.C., although Greek contact with Syria intensified. By 800 B.C. Greeks had negotiated among themselves a new relationship to the Near East, making it less threatening to the traditional order.

scholarly journals Rhythms of the past, rhythms of the future

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-35
Author(s):  
Irina Alekseevna Gerasimova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Evolutionary Epistemology ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Cognitive Evolution ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Natural Philosophers ◽  
The Universe

The subject of this research is rhythm as the cultural and fundamental philosophical principle of time organization of systems of various rank. The goal consists in the analysis of possibilities of creating the general theory of rhythm. The author set the following tasks: analyze ethnocultural traditions, which in the cognitive aspect lean on the maturity of rhythm-sensible  way of thinking; analyze the reflections of Ancient Greek natural philosophers on the meaning of rhythm; trace the theme of rhythm in art, science and practices of the XIX – XXI centuries.; problematize the question on the meaning of rhythmology in interpretation of the new vectors of cognitive evolution at the present time. Articulation of the problem of rhythm as the universal requires consideration of cosmic-nature, planetary, social, cultural, and personal realities (worlds). In examination of historical artifacts and ethnographic material, the author takes into account the principles of evolutionary epistemology. The analysis of natural philosophical and ancient Greek worldview is completed with analysis of the language. The novelty consists in articulation and analysis of the problem of rhythm as a cultural universality as the ultimate basis, covering natural, sociocultural and creatively-personal rhythms. The transformations of mentality and way of thinking in cognitive evolution stemmed from matured sensibility in the archaic towards the development of intellect. Rhythmically sensible way of thinking that empathically connects human with nature was developed until the Early Middle Ages. Culture and natural philosophical reflections on the concept of harmony are of essential for comprehension of sensible worldview. Beauty as a formative principle of the universe was conveyed through the set of concepts adopted in the language of modern science. Rhythm as an aesthetic category in natural sciences attracts the attention of researchers dealing with correlations of biosphere, social and cosmic processes. Reflections on the universality of rhythm in the complex evolutionary systems allow reassessing the discord of rhythms (desynchronosis) of the modern global crisis.

Theories on Tornado and Waterspout Formation in Ancient Greece and Rome

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Antonescu ◽  
David M. Schultz ◽  
Hugo M. A. M. Ricketts ◽  
Dragoş Ene
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Circular Motion ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Early Literature ◽  
Natural Philosophers

Abstract Tornadoes and waterspouts have long fascinated humankind through their presence in myths and popular beliefs and originally were believed to have supernatural causes. The first theories explaining weather phenomena as having natural causes were proposed by ancient Greek natural philosophers. Aristotle was one of the first natural philosophers to speculate about the formation of tornadoes and waterspouts in Meteorologica (circa 340 BCE). Aristotle believed that tornadoes and waterspouts were associated with the wind trapped inside the cloud and moving in a circular motion. When the wind escapes the cloud, its descending motion carries the cloud with it, leading to the formation of a typhon (i.e., tornado or waterspout). His theories were adopted and further nuanced by other Greek philosophers such as Theophrastus and Epicurus. Aristotle’s ideas also influenced Roman philosophers such as Lucretius, Seneca, and Pliny the Elder, who further developed his ideas and also added their own speculations (e.g., tornadoes do not need a parent cloud). Almost ignored, Meteorologica was translated into Latin in the twelfth century, initially from an Arabic version, leading to much greater influence over the next centuries and into the Renaissance. In the seventeenth century, the first book-length studies on tornadoes and waterspouts were published in Italy and France, marking the beginning of theoretical and observational studies on these phenomena in Europe. Even if speculations about tornadoes and waterspouts proposed by Greek and Roman authors were cited after the nineteenth century only as historical pieces, core ideas of modern theories explaining these vortices can be traced back to this early literature.

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