ALONE WITH HISTORY. ON REVOLUTION AND OVERCOMING IT. ESSAYS ON THE HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN MENTALITY BY E. KOZHOKIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Tamara S. Guzenkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Change ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Governance ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
First World

The author focuses on the issues of the scholarly thinking devel- opment and the current historical narrative amid radical change, studied into through E. Kozhokin’s Revolution and Overcoming It. Essays on the History of the Russian Mentality. The study under review holds a unique position among the new works devoted to the Russian history at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, according to the author. She stresses that Evgeny Kozhokin avoids to describe in detail the events of the monumental transfor- mations caused by the First World War and the 1917 revolution, opting to focus instead on the mental aspects of the behaviour and actions of the people who influenced those events. The author also points out that Evgeny Kozhokin uses a dialogical approach to history, under which national, political, historical and cultural identities are unfolded and shown as a dialogue between the past and the present. E.M. Kozhokin aims at both studying existential cognition of the Russian mentality and developing such algorithms of the state governance as would allow for reshaping political culture and avoiding potential revolu- tions in the future.

Ale na razie tu cisza” – fotografie sprzed katastrofy w wybranych zapisach literackich (Stefan Chwin, Ryszard Kapuściński, Wisława Szymborska)

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Magdalena Strąk
Keyword(s):  
Time Perspective ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
First World War ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

The work aims to show a peculiar perspective of looking at photographs taken on the eve of the broadly understood disaster, which is specified in a slightly different way in each of the literary texts (Stefan Chwin’s autobiographical novel Krótka historia pewnego żartu [The brief history of a certain joke], a poem by Ryszard Kapuściński Na wystawie „Fotografia chłopów polskich do 1944 r.” [At an exhibition “The Polish peasants in photographs to 1944”] and Wisława Szymborska’s Fotografia z 11 września [Photograph from September 11]) – as death in a concentration camp, a general concept of the First World War or a terrorist attack. Upcoming tragic events – of which the photographed people are not yet aware – become for the subsequent recipient an inseparable element of reality contained in the frame. For the later observers, privileged with time perspective, the characters captured in the photograph are already victims of the catastrophe, which in reality was not yet recorded by the camera. It is a work about coexistence of the past and future in the field of photography.

scholarly journals The First World War and its Legacy in the Middle East

2016 ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Eugene Rogan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
First World War ◽  
Past Century ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

The First World War proved a crucial turning point in the modern history of the Middle East and North Africa. Under conditions of total warfare, conscripts and civilians suffered greater losses and depredations than in any other conflict in the region before or since. The Great War also led to the breakup of the Ottoman Empire after four centuries of rule over the Arab lands, to be replaced by a modern state system actively negotiated between the Entente Powers in the course of the war. While the borders of Middle Eastern states have proven remarkably enduring over the past century, so too have the problems engendered by the wartime partition diplomacy.

Visions of Council Democracy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Ask Popp-Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
World War ◽  
Constituent Power ◽  
Claude Lefort ◽  
The People ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Cornelius Castoriadis ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

This book examines the historical emergence of the council system in Russia and Germany by the end of the First World War, it reconstructs the intellectual history of council democracy in 20th century political theory and provides in-depth analysis of council democracy in the political thought of Cornelius Castoriadis, Claude Lefort and Hannah Arendt. The book argues that council democracy can productively be interpreted through the prism of constituent power: the form-giving power of the people to decide on their own institutional forms of political co-existence. Whereas other interpreters of constituent power claim an unbridgeable gap between constituent power and constituted power, this book asserts that council democracy discloses a historically grounded way of institutionalising the constituent power. Council democracy, in this interpretation, becomes a way of controlling the constituent power without completely exhausting it, thereby giving the citizenry continual access to the powers of self-transformation, co-creation and constituent freedom.

Breaking from and building on the past: Helsinki and Dublin after independence

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (160) ◽  
pp. 238-255
Author(s):  
Marjaana Niemi
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Capital City ◽  
World War ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clean Break ◽  
The City ◽  
First World

AbstractCapital cities play a significant role in interpreting a country’s past and charting its future. In the aftermath of the First World War nine new European states, Finland and Ireland among them, were confronted with the question of how to create a capital city befitting their new status and national identity. Instead of designing and constructing an entirely new capital city which would have marked a clean break from the past, all these states chose an existing city as the capital. This article will examine processes through which two capitals, Helsinki and Dublin, were renewed physically and symbolically to make the political change ‘real’ to people, but also to reinterpret the past and create a ‘teleology for the present’. The aim is to discuss the ways in which the changes, planned and implemented, both reflected and reinforced new interpretations of the history of the city and the nation, and the continuities and discontinuities the changes created between the past and the present. Some elements and versions of the past were chosen over others, preserved and reinvented in the cityscape, while others were ignored, hidden or denied.

The Historians and the Decline of the Liberal Party

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
World War ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
Cultural Shift ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First World

The dramatic collapse of the Liberal party during the second decade of the twentieth century has long fascinated academic historians, but only in the past twenty years has it become one of their major preoccupations. Every history of modern Britain now has a discussion of the causes and course of the Liberal collapse, and the specialized literature on the subject is voluminous, much of it highly technical and sophisticated.It is easy to see why the Liberal decline appeals to historians. It has personal drama: the contest between Herbert Asquith, “the last of the Romans,” and David Lloyd George, “the Welsh Wizard.” There is the larger drama associated with the collapse of a great party and the rise of another. There are the large silent “revolutions” historians have found behind the political changes: the rise to maturity of the working classes, the evolution of British capitalism, and a vast cultural shift ushered in with the First World War.

scholarly journals The past as a work in progress

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
PATRICIA FARA
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
British Society ◽  
World War ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Scientists ◽  
First World

AbstractOriginating as a presidential address during the seventieth birthday celebrations of the British Society for the History of Science, this essay reiterates the society's long-standing commitment to academic autonomy and international cooperation. Drawing examples from my own research into female scientists and doctors during the First World War, I explore how narratives written by historians are related to their own lives, both past and present. In particular, I consider the influences on me of my childhood reading, my experiences as a physics graduate who deliberately left the world of science, and my involvement in programmes to improve the position of women in science. In my opinion, being a historian implies being socially engaged: the BSHS and its members have a responsibility towards the future as well as the past.Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards.Søren Kierkegaard,Journals and Papers, 1843

scholarly journals Dr. Stanko Sielski (1891–1958): Physician, scientist, humanist

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Husref Tahirović
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Camps ◽  
World War ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
The People ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Banja Luka ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

<p>This work presents the results of research into the life and work of Dr. Stanko Sielski, related to his professional, scientific and humanitarian work. He was born in Gračanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina<br />(BH) in1891, to a family of Polish origins. He attended high school in Travnik and completed his studies of medicine in Vienna in 1919. During the First World War he served on the frontlines with the Austro-Hungarian army. He began his service as a doctor in Konjic, Prozor and Glamoč, and then worked in Varcar Vakuf, Zenica, Travnik, Bihać, Banja Luka, Sarajevo and Tuzla. At that time in BH living conditions were very bad, the level of education of the people insufficient, there were many epidemics of infectious diseases, and the mortality of the population was high. Dr. Stanko Sielski made a significant contribution to treating the sick, preventing various diseases and the health education of the people. In the realm of the history of medicine in BA, he researched the life and work of doctors from previous generations, the work of medical institutions, old medical manuscripts written in Arabic, Persian and Turkish, folk beliefs about the origins and treatment of a variety of illnesses, and the role of herbal medicine and amulets in treating the sick. In addition, he undertook research in the fields of archaeology, ethnology and sociology. He published the results of his research in scholarly journals. In the Second World War he saved the lives of many Jewish doctors and their families from persecution in concentration camps, and as a result in 2014 he was posthumously declared “Righteous Among the Nations”. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. Dr. Stanko Sielski, alongside his work as a doctor, was also involved in a variety of scientific research and publication work, which contributed to the preservation and a better understanding of the material and spiritual heritage of BH.</p>

scholarly journals La tarjeta postal como documento histórico: una aproximación visual a la Primera Guerra MundialThe postcard as a historical document: a visual approach to the First World War

2017 ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
José Manuel López Torán
Keyword(s):  
Time Spectrum ◽  
First World War ◽  
Historical Document ◽  
World War ◽  
Graphic Arts ◽  
The Past ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Visual Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

Desde que en 1869 aparecieran las primeras tarjetas postales ilustradas, estas pequeñas cartulinas han logrado convertirse con el tiempo en testimonio del pasado, en documentos históricos de primer orden que cubren un espectro temporal de casi siglo y medio de nuestra historia y en objetos culturales que simbolizan el desarrollo de toda una época y que abarcan los principales acontecimientos más recientes y muchos de los aspectos de la vida diaria. La Primera Guerra Mundial, por su magnitud y sus consecuencias, se ha posicionado como uno de los episodios más importantes de nuestra historia reciente y, sin lugar a dudas, las artes gráficas se convirtieron en un mecanismo de expresión de los acontecimientos que iban ocurriendo, de ahí la enorme difusión a través de fotografías, carteles, grabados y, por supuesto, de tarjetas postales, que tan populares se hicieron durante aquellos años. A través del análisis de más de diez mil postales, consultadas en su mayoría a través de las páginas web de los principales centros de documentación a nivel internacional, se pretende realizar un acercamiento a este episodio histórico, a la vez que poner en valor el papel que jugaron en el propio desarrollo del conflicto, al convertirse en uno de los principales medios utilizados en la difusión y propaganda de la contienda.PALABRAS CLAVE: Primera Guerra Mundial, tarjeta postal, historia de las emociones, propaganda, fotografía.ABSTRACTSince the first picture postcards appeared in 1869, these small cards have managed over time to become a testimony of the past, a top-notch historical document which covers a time spectrum of close to a century of our history, and a cultural object which symbolizes the development of an era that covers the major recent events and many aspects of daily life. The First World War, in its magnitude and its consequences, has been one of those historical chapters of our recent historyand the graphic arts became a mechanism for the expression of the events that happened during it. It was during the war that the popularity of photographs, posters, prints and, of course, postcards became more widespread. Through the analysis of more than 10000 postcards, consulted mostly through the webpages of the most important international documentation centers, we seek to take a close look at this historical development and to focus on the role they played in the conflict as they became one of the main media used in the dissemination and propaganda of the battle.KEY WORDS: First World War, postcard, history of emotions, propaganda, photography.

The history of a lesson: Versailles, Munich and the social construction of the past

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel Vedby Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
First World

The article investigates the concept of lessons in IR. By means of a constructivist critique of the ‘lessons literature’, the article analyses one of the most important of IR lessons: that of Munich. Examining how the Munich lesson came about, the article shows the praxeological nature of lessons and emphasises the need to study the history of lessons rather than the lessons of history. This approach shows that Munich is the end point of a constitutive history that begins in the failure of the Versailles treaty to create a durable European order following the First World War. The Munich lesson is thus one element of the lesson of Versailles, which is a praxeology that defines how the West is to make peace, and against whom peace must be defended. The lesson of Versailles has been, at least in part, constitutive of the outbreak of the Cold War, and it continues to define the Western conception of what defines peace and security even in the ‘war against terrorism’.

Socio-political and confessional preconditions of the birth of the Ukrainian Evangelical-Reformed Church in Western Ukraine (20-30 years of the twentieth century)

2000 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
R. Soloviy
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Religious Influences ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Factor ◽  
First World

In the history of religious organizations of Western Ukraine in the 20-30th years of the XX century. The activity of such an early protestant denominational formation as the Ukrainian Evangelical-Reformed Church occupies a prominent position. Among UCRC researchers there are several approaches to the preconditions for the birth of the Ukrainian Calvinistic movement in Western Ukraine. In particular, O. Dombrovsky, studying the historical preconditions for the formation of the UREC in Western Ukraine, expressed the view that the formation of the Calvinist cell should be considered in the broad context of the Ukrainian national revival of the 19th and 20th centuries, a new assessment of the religious factor in public life proposed by the Ukrainian radical activists ( M. Drahomanov, I. Franko, M. Pavlik), and significant socio-political, national-cultural and spiritual shifts caused by the events of the First World War. Other researchers of Ukrainian Calvinism, who based their analysis on the confessional-polemical approach (I.Vlasovsky, M.Stepanovich), interpreted Protestantism in Ukraine as a product of Western cultural and religious influences, alien to Ukrainian spirituality and culture.

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