GEOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF PASTURES OF THE ALTSYNKHUTINSKY RMU OF KETCHENEROVSKY DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KALMYKIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Bembeeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Pasture Load ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

The article presents the results of a geobotanical survey of the territory of one of the typical rural municipalities in the northwestern part of the Caspian region. The species composition, analysis of life forms, the ratio of ruderal and stern plant species noted in the herbage have been studied. The total number of plant species in the communities, their maximum and minimum number in different periods of the growing season are noted. The productivity of pasture phytocenoses in different types of soils and in different time intervals has been studied. A comparative analysis of the permissible pasture load with the normative one in the spring and autumn periods of research is presented.

scholarly journals ASSORTMENT OF WOODY PLANTS USED IN GREEN CONSTRUCTION IN THE NORTHERN PART OF KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Я.А. КРЕКОВА ◽  
С.В. ЗАЛЕСОВ ◽  
М.В. СОЛОВЬЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northern Cities ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

Интродукции растений отведена большая роль в обогащении районов с бедным флористическом со- ставом и увеличении разнообразия «полезных» для человека растений. Перенос растений человеком из одних районов в другие начался далеко в прошлом, продолжается до настоящего времени и обусловлен желанием создания лучших условий существования. Так, новые растения (при успешной интродукции) в различные временные периоды использовались для пищевых целей, в лесном хозяйстве и озеленении. В настоящее время многие интродуцированные виды растений стали настолько привычными в нашей повседневной жизни, что их отсутствие вызвало бы недоумение. В статье приведена информация о возникновении интродукционных пунктов на территории северной части Республики Казахстан. Освещены основные этапы распространения новых видов в озеленитель- ные насаждения района исследования. Представлен ассортимент видов растений, наиболее устойчивых к условиям Северного Казахстана. По результатам наблюдений для внедрения в озеленительные по- садки пригодны 233 вида, формы и сорта интродуцентов древесно-кустарниковых растений. Проведен анализ видового разнообразия интродуцентов на примере г. Щучинска. Посадки города представлены 65 видами, сортами и формами растений, относящихся к 47 родам и 20 семействам. Из всех выявленных видов наибольшая встречаемость была у клена ясенелистного, который является инвазионным видом. В результате проведенного анализа выявлено, что в озеленительных посадках северных городов Казах- стана применяется ограниченное количество видов растений. Plant introduction plays a major role in enriching areas with poor fl oristic composition and increasing the diversity of plants “useful” for humans. The transfer of plants by humans from one region to another began far in the past, continues to the present time, and is due to the desire to create better living conditions. Thus, new plants (if successfully introduced) were used for food purposes, forestry, and landscaping at various time periods. Currently, many introduced plant species have become so familiar in our daily lives that their absence would leave perplexed. The article provides information about the emergence of introduction points in the northern part of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main stages of the spread of new species in the landscaping areas of the study area are highlighted. The assortment of plant species that are most resistant to the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan is presented. According to the results of observations, 233 species, forms and varieties of introduced tree and shrub plants are suitable for introduction into landscaping plantings. The analysis of the species diversity of introduced species is carried out using the example of Shchuchinsk. The plantations of the city are represented by 65 species, varieties and forms of plants belonging to 47 genera and 20 families. Of all the identifi ed species, the highest occurrence was in the ash-leaved maple, which is an invasive species. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that a limited number of plant species are used in landscaping plantations of the northern cities of Kazakhstan.

scholarly journals Diversity of medicinal plants at Phia Oac – Phia Den nature reserve, Nguyen Binh district, Cao Bang province

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ngan Ha
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Total Species

A total number of medicinal plant species found in the surveyed area was 472 species, belonging to 323 genera, 128 families and 5 phyla. There were 110 species (85.94%) of Magnoliophyta, 9 species of Polypodiophyta (7.03%), 6 species of Pinophyta (4.9%), 2 species of Lycopodiophyta (1.56%) and 1 species of Equisetophyta. Nine largest families included 168 species (35.59% of total species) and 103 genera (31.90% of total genera). Medicinal plants in Phia Oac – Phia Den nature reserve were in two main life-forms: Phanerophytes with 267 species (56.57%) and Hemicryptophytes with 78 species (16.52%). Many parts of plants had been used for medicine such as leaves – 71.82%; roots and tubers – 40.25%; sap and essential oil – 40.04%. Medicinal plants were mainly distributed in the grassland and shrubland ecosystem (200 species – 42.37%); in the primary forest ecosystem (182 species – 38.56%).  Medicinal plants had also been used to treat different types of diseases.

scholarly journals Plant Resources Utilization among Different Ethnic Groups of Ladakh in Trans-Himalayan Region

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 827
Author(s):  
Shiekh Marifatul Haq ◽  
Umer Yaqoob ◽  
Eduardo Soares Calixto ◽  
Inayat Ur Rahman ◽  
Abeer Hashem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Local People ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Plant Resources ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

The nomadic pastoral indigenous communities of the Ladakhi people share roots with Tibetan culture in terms of food, clothing, religion, festivals, and habits, and rely widely on plant resources for survival and livelihood. This survey was conducted during 2019–2021 to document the indigenous knowledge about plant resources of the Balti, Beda, and Brokpa communities of the Ladakh region, trans-Himalayas. Open- and close-ended semi-structured interviews (N = 184) and group discussions (N = 17) were used to collect the data. Quantitative data was further analyzed using various statistical tools. A total of 105 plant species belonging to 82 genera and 39 families were used as medicine, fuel wood, fragrance, oil, food, flavor, fodder, decoration, and dye. Among these, medicinal use was most prevalent, with 70% of use reports, followed by fodder and fuel wood. Leaves (27%) were the most preferred plant part used, followed by roots and flowers. The principal component analysis revealed five clusters of ethnobotanical usage, i.e., food, medicine, fuel wood, fodder, and fragrance, oil, dye, and flavor. The maximum number of plant species used was reported by the Brokpa, while the Beda reported the minimum number of plant species uses. Delphinium brunonianum, Waldheimia tomentosa, and Juniperus indica played a significant role in the cultural and religious ritual aspects, whereas Allium przewalskianum, Waldheimia tomentosa, Juniperus indica, and Hippophae rhamnoides were commonly used as a livelihood source among Ladakhi communities. The local people collected most plants (65%) for self-consumption, while the rest (35%) were sold in markets as a source of income. The sustainable utilization and management of plant resources by local people is a strategy to boost livelihoods and food security and alleviate poverty.

CRIMINAL LAW IN PROTECTION OF HEALTH FROM THE ABUSE OF DRUGS IN SERBIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1939-1946
Author(s):  
Miodrag Simović ◽  
Dragan Jovašević ◽  
Marina M. Simović
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Individual State ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Republic ◽  
To Come ◽  
Practical Sense

Based on international standards adopted within the framework and under the Organisation of the United Nations, all national legislations recognise several different types and forms of criminal acts regarding misuse of narcotics. It is the matter of various activities of unauthorized production, traffic and other forms of inciting or enabling others to come into possession of narcotics for immediate use, which seriously endangers the health and life.Depending on the needs of each individual state, the distinction is made between the offenses, for the perpetrators are given different types and measures of penalties and other criminal sanctions. A similar situation exists in the Republic of Serbia.The paper analyzes the system of criminal offenses in various types and forms of manifestation in the theoretical and practical sense for whose offenders that are prescribed serious criminal sanctions.

scholarly journals IN VITRO MICROBIAL TIME-KILLING CURVE FOR NEWLY SYNTHESIZED AMINOACETYLENIC-2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE COMPOUND

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Aseel Alsarahni ◽  
Zuhair Muhi Eldeen ◽  
Elham Al-kaissi ◽  
Hiba Al-malliti
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Broth Dilution

Objective: To determine the time needed for killing different types of microorganisms by a newly synthesized 2-mercapto-1,3-benzothiazole derivative in comparison to ciprofloxacin and fluconazole.Methods: The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for 2-{[4-(2,6-dimethylPiperidin-1-yl)but-2-yn-1-yl]Sulfanyl}-1,3-benzothiazole(AZ3) compound were determined, using the broth dilution method. The MBC and MFC dilutions were prepared. Broth cultures of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h, and Candida albicans (C. albicans) was incubated at 25 °C for 48 h. 0.1 ml of each broth culture represent 1.5 x 106 CFU/ml was challenged with 9.9 ml broth containing the MBC or MFC concentrations of the AZ3 compound. From each sample at different time intervals, 1 ml was taken and added to 9 ml of sterile distilled water, in order to neutralize the effect of AZ3. Serial dilution was done and a viable count was determined from the appropriate dilutions.Results: The viability of the P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis and C. albicans were killed within 3.5 h, 5 h, 24 h, 3 h and 5 h respectively. The time killing curves showed that AZ3 needed longer time for killing S. aureus than the time needed to kill B. subtilis. On the other hand, AZ3 needed a shorter time to kill P. aeruginosa, than the time needed to kill E. coli. In comparison with ciprofloxacin, AZ3 needed a shorter time to kill P. aeruginosa and E. coli, and the same time to kill B. subtilis, while it needed longer time than ciprofloxacin to kill S. aureus. In comparison with fluconazole, AZ3 with lower MFC than fluconazole needed longer time to kill C. albicans.Conclusion: AZ3 showed promising antimicrobial killing activities, in compared with ciprofloxacin and fluconazole, which promoted our interest to investigate the time of killing needed for other 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives against different types of microorganisms.

Numbers of plant species on the islands of Aldabra Atoll

1979 ◽  
Vol 286 (1011) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Island Ecosystems ◽  
Species Numbers ◽  
Island Effect ◽  
Species Area ◽  
Number Of Plant Species

The logarithm of island area accounts for 70 % of the variance in the number of plant species occurring on 100 lagoon islands. Two components of island altitude (altitude of the island rim and the logarithm of the island’s inland altitude) are also of importance, and account for 9 % of the variation in species numbers. A further 13 variables account for only an extra 5 % of the variance in the mixed model. These results resemble the findings of other island studies. In the equation S = K A z , z = 0.345 and falls within the range of expected values. The species-area curve gives little indication of the ‘small island effect’ found for other small islands; this may reflect, among other factors, the richness of the Aldabran flora when compared with those of the small island ecosystems already studied. The curve is also compared with that compiled by Williams (1964) and a discrepancy between the two is discussed. Woody plants are largely responsible for the increase of species numbers with increasing area. Species that are restricted to islands of particular sizes are listed and the characteristics of the frequencies of occurrence of the more common species are summarized.

Markov chains in small time intervals

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-751
Author(s):  
Stig I. Rosenlund
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Markov Chains ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Small Time ◽  
Exact Order ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Continuous Parameter ◽  
Minimum Number

For a time-homogeneous continuous-parameter Markov chain we show that as t → 0 the transition probability pn,j (t) is at least of order where r(n, j) is the minimum number of jumps needed for the chain to pass from n to j. If the intensities of passage are bounded over the set of states which can be reached from n via fewer than r(n, j) jumps, this is the exact order.

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