NATURAL HISTORY OF THE BIOSPHERE AS A KEY TO SOLVE ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS (TO THE 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF A.N. TYURYUKANOV)

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Valeriy SNAKIN
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Natural Scientist ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
90Th Anniversary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Landscape Geochemistry ◽  
Nature Development

Anatolij Nikiforovich Tyuryukanov (1931-2001), Dr.Sci (Biol.), professor was a remarkable Russian natural scientist, who made a signifi contribution to soil science and the theory of the biosphere. Investigation of Tyuryukanov’s works shows both evolution of the author’s scientifi interests and development of natural history in Russia in 20th century. He formulated the biosphere natural history principle founded on a new fundamental category of sciences foundation in 20th century. Th principle is based on genetic soil science, biogeocenology, landscape geochemistry and main branches of the Earth biosphere and vitasphere study. Interesting and sometimes unexpected assertions of A.N. Tyuryukanovs provide food for thought about both further studies of nature, development of biosphere study and refl on the human and biosphere relationships.

Dead-Ends and New Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-347
Author(s):  
Jean Francesco A.L. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Good Science ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evolutionary Science ◽  
Doctrine Of Creation

Abstract The aim of this article is to investigate how Abraham Kuyper and some late neo-Calvinists have addressed the doctrine of creation in light of the challenges posed by evolutionary scientific theory. I argue that most neo-Calvinists today, particularly scholars from the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), continue Kuyper’s legacy by holding the core principles of a creationist worldview. Yet, they have taken a new direction by explaining the natural history of the earth in evolutionary terms. In my analysis, Kuyper’s heirs at the VU today offer judicious parameters to guide Christians in conversation with evolutionary science, precisely because of their high appreciation of good science and awareness of the nonnegotiable elements that make up the orthodox Christian narrative.

scholarly journals II. Observations on Granite

1794 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
The State ◽  
Hard Materials ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fluid Matter

Since reading the paper upon the theory of the earth, I have been employed in examining many parts of this country, in order to enquire into the natural history of granite. In this undertaking, I have succeeded beyond my most flattering expectations; and I am now to communicate to this Society the result of my observations.In the paper just referred to, it was maintained, from many different arguments, that all the solid strata of the earth had been consolidated by means of subterraneous heat, softening the hard materials of those bodies; and that in many places, those consolidated strata had been broken and invaded by huge masses of fluid matter similar to lava, but, for the most part, perfectly distinguishable from it. Granite also was considered there as a body which had been certainly consolidated by heat; and which had, at least in some parts, been in the state of perfect fusion, and certain specimens were produced, from which I drew an argument in support of this conclusion.

scholarly journals V. An account of books. I. An essay toward a natural history of the earth, and terrestrial bodies, especially minerals: As also of the sea, rivers, and springs. With an account of the universal deluge, and of the effects that it had upon the earth. By John Woodward, M. D. Professor of Physick in Gresham College, and Fellow of the Royal Society. Printed for Ric. Wilkin at the King's Head in St. Paul's Church-yard. 1695. Octavo. 2. An account of a paper, entituled, archibaldi pitcarnii, M. D. disser

1695 ◽  
Vol 19 (217) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Great Weight ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of

V. An account of books. I. An essay toward a natural history of the earth, and terrestrial bodies, especially minerals: As also of the sea, rivers, and springs. With an account of the universal deluge, and of the effects that it had upon the earth. By John Woodward, M. D. Professor of Physick in Gresham College, and Fellow of the Royal Society. Printed for Ric. Wilkin at the King's Head in St. Paul's Church-yard. 1695. Octavo. 2. An account of a paper, entituled, archibaldi pitcarnii, M. D. dissertatio de Febribus, &c. The Author of this Book having with great Industry, and no less Success, made Enquiry into many considerable Parts of Nature, hath thought fit here to set forth an Account of several of his Observations, and of certain Conclusions which he hath drawn from them, whereof many are indeed of great weight and moment, but all in a compendious manner, as intending this Discourse only as a Prœlude to one-much larger, and to comply with the Importunities of some Persons of Worth, who .requested a brief Account of these things from him, for their present Satisfaction, until his Affairs should permit the compleating of his Greater Work, which he promiseth, with a further Proof both of these, and of others not yet proposed.

Earth And Heaven, 1750-1800: Enlightenment Ideas About The Relevance To Geology Of Extraterrestrial Operations And Events

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Celestial Mechanics ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Geological Investigation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geological Science ◽  
The Ideal

A conceptual and methodological tension can be discerned among Enlightenment advocates of earth science, as regards extraterrestrial events and processes. True to the fundamental traditions of Theories of the Earth, many scientific thinkers exhibited clear recognition of the Earth's planetary status, as a member of a celestial family. To some this legitimated integration of a geological perspective into that of cosmology and astronomy. In extreme instances it even entailed an ideal of establishing earth science by deduction from principles of celestial mechanics. However, this integrative aspect of Theories of the Earth ran counter to another important element in the geological thinking of this era, one which asserted the overriding value of empirical investigation. In the minds of many empirical-minded champions of a natural history of the Earth, a true geology could only be built up through inductive discovery focussed exclusively on accessible terrestrial phenomena. Sometimes explicitly, often by merely tacit exclusion of extraterrestrial considerations, much geological investigation before 1800 tended to identify the integrity of the emerging science with the distinctively Earth-bound nature of the objects of study. The ideal of an autonomous geological science thus tended to be intertwined with a concept of terrestrial autonomy.

scholarly journals El herbario de Cormophyta de Baltasar Merino (1845-1917) en el Museo de Ciencias Naturales “D. Mariano García Martínez” del IES Sánchez Cantón de Pontevedra (España)

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-46
Author(s):  
Rubén Pino Pérez ◽  
Juan José Pino Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historia Natural ◽  
Floristic Studies ◽  
Siglo Xx

Resumen Baltasar Merino y Román (1845-1917) fue un botánico español, autor de la obra ‘Flora Descriptiva e Ilustrada de Galicia’ cuya base se encuentra en los herbarios que confeccionó. Son bien conocidas las colecciones conservadas en los herbarios LOU (Lourizán, Pontevedra) y MHN (Museo de Historia Natural de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña). Sin embargo, también confeccionó un herbario que donó al Instituto de Pontevedra en los primeros años del siglo XX y que ha pasado relativamente desapercibido en los estudios florísticos de Galicia. En este trabajo se ha realizado un inventario completo de esa colección, procedente de las actividades herborizadoras de Merino en todo el territorio gallego con una selecta representación de los taxones más significativos de su catálogo. Se han reconocido un total de 1.031 pliegos de 90 familias distintas de Cormophyta. Las familias Gramineae y Compositae son las mejor representadas con más de 100 pliegos cada una, pero hasta 21 familias superan la decena de taxones. Sólo el 47,75 % de los taxones de la Flora de Galicia de Merino no se encuentran representados en este herbario, lo que subraya la importancia del mismo. El herbario fue entregado por Merino al Instituto de Pontevedra entre 1900 y 1905, probablemente a través de las peticiones realizadas por Ernesto Caballero Bellido y/o Alejandro de Colomina y Cárolo, por entonces, miembros del claustro de la institución. Abstract Baltasar Merino y Román (1845-1917) was a Spanish botanist, author of the work ‘Flora Descriptiva e Ilustrada de Galicia’. He developed several herbaria. The collections kept in the herbaria LOU (Lourizán, Pontevedra) and MHN (Museum of Natural History of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña) are well known. However, he also produced a herbarium that he donated to the Institute of Pontevedra in the early years of the 20th century. This herbarium has gone unnoticed in the floristic studies of Galicia. In this work a complete inventory of this collection has been made, coming from the Merino collecting activities throughout the Galician territory. It contains a select representation of the most significant taxa in its catalogue. A total of 1,031 sheets of 90 different families of Cormophyta have been recognized. The families Gramineae and Compositae are the best represented. They have more than 100 sheets each and 21 families exceed ten taxa. Only 47,75 % of the taxa of Flora de Galicia de Merino are not represented in this herbarium, which underscores its importance. The herbarium was delivered by Merino to the Institute of Pontevedra between 1900 and 1905, probably through the requests made by Ernesto Caballero Bellido and/or Alejandro de Colomina and Cárolo, at that time, members of the institution.

LIVING MATTER AND BIOSPHEROLOGY CONCEPTS OF V.I. VERNADSKY

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-269
Author(s):  
Guenzel Guegamian
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Living Matter ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Theory Of Evolution ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Debates ◽  
First Time

The article takes us back to the origins of the living matter idea that resulted in basis of V.I. Vernadsky theory of living matter. Also, the article deals with appearance of biospherology as a scientific branch, formed in the late 20th century and developed ideas of V.V. Dokuchaev and V.I. Vernadsky. The article provides an in-depth analysis of research papers, letters and documents by Vernadsky and his contemporaries, as well as his followers N.V. Timofeev-Resovsky, A.N. Tyuryukanov and others, worked in a range of disciplines from theory of evolution, microbiology and genetics to soil science, radiobiology, biochemistry and biogeocenology. They further developed Vernadsky’s ideas and formulated the global problem called Biosphere and Humankind. The author raises relevant issues of the theory of living matter current significance and suggests answers on some of them based on Vernadsky’s works. For the first time, the article sheds some light on one of the most fascinating pages in the history of science in the late 20th century including heated scientific and philosophical debates about how the newly emerging field of the Earth biosphere study should be called. The author of the paper suggested calling it biospherology, in a paper pubished in 1980.

A lexicological commentary on the fabulous sights of Russia and especially Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Anikin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Natural History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
World Literature ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Fossil Wood ◽  
History Of

The paper deals with the peculiarities of the “Siberian” text of Russian and world literature in the aspect of diachrony. The author provides lexicological comments to some of the data on the natural history of Russia attached to the “Grammatica Russica” by G. V. Ludolph (1696), including many of the sights of Muscovy from the flora or fauna, minerals, ores, trade items, and so on. Among others, the Chinese medicine Temzui is mentioned, the etymology discussed in the first part of the paper. However, the focus of the first part is on the two fossil objects described by Ludolph, namely, Adamovoi kost ‘Adam’s bone’ (essentially, fossil wood) and Mammontovoi kost ‘mammoth bone’, that is, the bones or “horns” of a mammoth. In this context, the author considers the origin of Even adām ‘coal’, Yakut Adām uota ‘fire wiped out of wood’ (cf. Russian dial. derev’annyi ogon’, literally ‘wooden fire’), Russian mamont, indrik, inder, endar’ ‘fabulous beast’ and others. It is especially noted that the biblical etymology of the mammoth (from the name of the behemoth), appeared in the 18th century, finally was rejected only in the 20th century. Information is given about the typology of the mammoth designations against the background of mythological ideas about mammoth among the peoples of Siberia. The second part of the paper deals with the origin of some facts absent in Ludolph’s work: three Russian (in Siberian dialects), Yakut, and other names of people of a fantastic type (headless, etc.): miravda, chuchuna, myulen.

Geology and Evolution

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-106
Author(s):  
Bill Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Directional Model ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
English Speaking World ◽  
Life On Earth

The dominant school of geology in Edinburgh in the early nineteenth century was that of the followers of the German mineralogist Abraham Gottlob Werner. His most important disciple in the English-speaking world was Edinburgh’s professor of natural history, Robert Jameson. The Wernerians believed that the history of the earth was fundamentally directional; they believed the earth started out as a ball of hot fluid from which the different rocks that now form the crust of the planet gradually precipitated out over geological time. It is argued in this chapter that this directional model of the geological history of the earth was peculiarly compatible with a progressive model of the history of life on earth. The changes in the physical condition of the earth over geological time were seen by some Wernerian geologists as driving the evolution of life.

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